Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “STOMACH DILATATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Hemodynamic and morphological changes in the stomach of portal hypertensive rats.

To determine hemodynamic and morphological changes in the stomach of portal hypertensive rats, male WKA rats were given CCl4 subcutaneously in order to induce liver cirrhosis. The portal venous pressure of cirrhotic rats was significantly higher (17.7 cm H2O) than that of controls (10.5 cm H2O). Mucosal blood flow of the stomach in the portal hypertensive rat was increased (+ 46%) compared with that of controls and the peripheral vascular resistance of the stomach was significantly low. Morphological studies revealed that capillaries, collecting, submucosal, serosal and portal veins were significantly dilated; however, there were no apparent alterations in the arterial system of the stomach of the portal hypertensive rats. These results suggest that in the stomach of the portal hypertensive rat there is an increased blood flow and decreased peripheral vascular resistance and that this hyperdynamic circulatory state may derive from the dilatation of microvascular systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Combined endoscopic and fluoroscopic balloon dilatation of a complex proximal jejunal stricture.

Dilatation of esophageal strictures has been practiced for many years. More recently, balloon dilatation, with endoscopic guidance, has been applied to the stomach and the colon. The small bowel has been less accessible to the endoscope, and, as far as we have been able to determine, balloon dilatation of jejunal strictures has not been reported. We present a patient who was referred to us after curative resection of two abdomino-pelvic malignancies, external beam irradiation to the abdomen and pelvis, and multiple later operations for bowel obstruction and dehiscence of intestinal anastomoses. The bowel obstruction and anastomotic dehiscence occurred during the present hospitalization and resulted finally in the development of a high-output proximal jejunal fistula. The area of stricture, as seen by means of barium contrast, had two separate components with an associated acute angulation. We report the combined use of endoscopic and fluoroscopic manipulation and balloon dilatation of this complex stricture.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Esophagogastric bypass anastomosis for benign stricture of cardia].

The aim of the study is to discuss our observations concerning oesophagogastric bypass anastomosis in cases with scar stricture of cardia in long-term achalasia (megaoesophagus). The Heller operation is ineffective in such patients and the resection of cardia with oesophagogastric anastomosis is a large and controversial operation. 16 patients were operated (6 of them after ineffective cardiomyotomy). In all cases long-term dysphagia, big loss of weight and large, S-shaped oesophagus lying on the diaphragm were found. The left side thoracotomy was performed and fundus of the stomach was dislocated to the chest through dilatatored oesophageal hiatus and with the oesophagus above the cardia. There were no postoperative complications. However, dysphagia regressed. The remote results (from 1 year to 7 years) in 11 patients were analysed. The general condition was satisfactory. No dysphagia and gastrooesophageal reflux was revealed. Anastomosis was efficient in X-ray examination. Our observations indicate that oesophagogastric anastomosis is a procedure of choice in the treatment of long-term achalasia with stricture of cardia and megaoesophagus.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of snare and large forceps biopsies in the histologic diagnosis of gastric vascular ectasia in cirrhosis.

To compare snare and large forceps biopsies in the histologic diagnosis of gastric vascular ectasia (GVE) in cirrhosis, two groups of patients were studied: (a) 8 cirrhotic patients in whom endoscopy disclosed multiple gastric red spots (GRS), and (b) 5 cirrhotic patients with no GRS. Histologic examination of snare specimens identified dilated capillaries in the mucosa of the stomach in 75% of the cirrhotic patients with GRS, while large forceps specimens enabled the diagnosis of GVE only in 20% of the cases (p less than 0.05). Morphometric analysis of snare specimens demonstrated a significantly greater mean mucosal capillary cross-sectional area in cirrhotic patients with GRS than in cirrhotic patients without these lesions (p less than 0.05), while no differences in this parameter was observed in large forceps specimens. These findings indicate that gastric mucosal specimens obtained with large forceps are not useful for establishing the histologic diagnosis of GVE in cirrhotic patients with GRS.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Fetal gastro-intestinal and abdominal wall defects: associated malformations and chromosomal abnormalities.

During an 8-year period (1983-1991), blood karyotyping was performed in 235 fetuses with abdominal wall or gastro-intestinal tract defects. The overall incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was 29% (trisomy 21, n = 12; trisomy 18, n = 44; trisomy 13, n = 7; deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5, n = 1; unbalanced translocation involving chromosomes 4 and 15, n = 1; triploidy, n = 1; Klinefelter's syndrome, n = 1; and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome with mosaic duplication 11p15, n = 1). The karyotype was abnormal in 42 (36%) of the 116 fetuses with exomphalos, in none of the 26 with gastroschisis, in 10 (43%) of the 23 with duodenal atresia, in 18 (75%) of the 24 with lack of visible stomach, in 1 (4%) of the 24 with dilated bowel and in 2 (7%) of the 27 with echogenic hepatic nodules or abdominal cysts. Abnormal karyotypes were more commonly encountered when there was ultrasonographic evidence of multiple malformations (43%) compared to isolated defects (2%). Survival in fetuses with exomphalos (33%), absent stomach (4%), and large bowel obstruction (13%) was poor, whereas in those with gastroschisis (73%) or abdominal cysts (88%) survival was high; in small bowel obstruction and in duodenal atresia, survival was 65 and 57%, respectively.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1994

Transgastric esophagoscopy with antegrade dilation.

An 80-year-old man in whom successful dilation of an obstructed esophagus via retrograde esophagoscopy was carried out is reported here. His nutrition had been previously sustained by a feeding gastrostomy tube inserted under radiologic guidance. This gastrostomy stoma was dilated to allow passage of a pediatric gastroscope into the stomach and esophagus. A guide wire was then negotiated past the esophageal stricture, under endoscopic vision and fluoroscopic guidance, into the oropharynx. Savary dilators were then passed over the guide wire perorally to dilate the stenosis. The patient was able to swallow liquids soon after the procedure. The use of Savary dilators over a guide wire introduced by retrograde esophagoscopy has not been previously described.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Sonographic findings in a fetus with megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome.

We describe the perinatal findings in a female fetus with megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS). Prenatal sonography performed during 18-21 weeks' gestation showed a normal amount of amniotic fluid, but the fetus was seen to have a persistently distended stomach, a hugely distended bladder, and bilateral dilated renal calyces. Genetic analysis of amniotic fluid revealed a 46,XX karyotype. The pregnancy was terminated at 22 weeks' gestation. At necropsy, the fetus was found to have prune-belly syndrome, gastric dilatation, pronounced megacystis, bilateral hydronephrosis and megaureters, short bowel, microileum, microcolon, and malrotation of the intestines. This fetus showed the typical clinical and sonographic features of MMIHS, as well as the rare antenatal finding of persistent gastric distention.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Aerobilia and hypomotility of the sphincter of Oddi in a patient with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

A 50-year-old woman with a typical history of chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction was admitted to hospital because of an acute episode of abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. The diagnosis of chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction had been established in this patient who had malnutrition and extreme weight loss as a result of severe malabsorption syndrome. The abdominal roentgenogram showed a typical hypotonic intestine with an enlarged stomach and distended intestinal loops with the radiological signs of an ileus. In addition to former episodes, there was also a transient aerobilia. The patient had not undergone biliary surgery or endoscopic sphincterotomy. To investigate the cause of the findings, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic manometry of the sphincter of Oddi were performed. The endoscopy showed the stomach and duodenum with a wide and dilated lumen and no spontaneous motility. Endoscopic manometry of the biliary tract and the sphincter of Oddi showed several abnormalities compared with a group of normal volunteers or patients who were examined via biliary manometry for other reasons. There was a low basal pressure (3.5 mm Hg) in the sphincter of Oddi together with low-amplitude phasic contractions (25-30 mm Hg), but the contraction frequency was in the normal range. Further investigations of the motility of the gastrointestinal tract in this patient showed diffuse esophageal spasms and a markedly delayed gastric emptying. The findings of biliary manometry in this patient suggest involvement of the sphincter of Oddi and the biliary system in chronic idiopathic pseudo-obstruction.

Air↗
PubMed1994

Natural Cryptosporidium muris infection of the stomach in laboratory mice.

Histopathological findings were described in naturally infected laboratory mice in conjunction with the presence of oocysts in the feces related to cryptosporidiosis of the stomach. Diagnosis of infection was made by the observation of oocysts which were indistinguishable from those of Tyzzer's original description of Cryptosporidium muris seen in feces. In addition to this, endogenous developmental stages of the parasite in histologic preparations of tissues obtained at the time of postmortem examination were observed only in the gastric glands of the stomach. In light microscopy, numerous small, spherical to ovoid, basophilic developmental stages of the parasite, embedded in the epithelial microvilli of the stomach, were observed. Most gastric glands were dilated and filled with numerous free or embedded parasites. The gastric glands contained degenerated and atrophied epithelial cells. However, no signs suggested acute inflammation. No lesions or parasites were found in other portions of the gastrointestinal tract or other epithelial tissues of the body.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

A proposal for a new validated histological definition of the gastroesophageal junction.

Present definitions of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) are the point of flaring of the tubular esophagus and the proximal limit of the gastric rugal folds. Neither of these has been validated as the true GEJ. This study aims to validate the location of the true GEJ using the criterion of esophageal submucosal glands. Ten esophagogastrectomy specimens, in which there was a well-defined point of flaring of the tubular esophagus that coincided with the proximal limit of gastric rugal folds, were examined by complete histological mapping to evaluate the distribution of esophageal submucosal glands and surface epithelial types. Oxyntocardiac and cardiac mucosa with or without intestinal metaplasia were present under rugal folds distal to the end of tubular esophagus in all patients to a length of 0.31 to 2.05 cm. Submucosal glands were present in the tubular esophagus and in the proximal pouch distal to the tubular esophagus in a distribution that closely coincided with squamous epithelium, oxyntocardiac, cardiac, and intestinal epithelia. Submucosal glands were never found under oxyntic mucosa. We conclude that a variable part of the saccular region distal to the tubular esophagus contains esophageal submucosal glands, therefore representing reflux-damaged distal esophagus. This results in an error, where up to 2.05 cm of distal reflux-damaged dilated esophagus can be mistaken as proximal stomach when presently accepted definitions for the GEJ are used. The true GEJ is the proximal limit of gastric oxyntic mucosa defined by histology.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Esophageal bougienage technique for coin ingestion in children.

An analysis was performed of 46 consecutive children who received esophageal bougienage for an ingested coin lodged in the esophagus. All patients met the following clinical criteria necessary for performance of this procedure: an acutely ingested single coin, radiographically localized in the esophagus; no previous history of an esophageal disease process, surgical procedure performed or foreign body removed; and no respiratory compromise upon physical examination. All coins were successfully advanced distally into the stomach after one pass of the bougie dilator. No complications were noted during or after performance of any procedure. Esophageal bougienage is a safe and effective method used to dislodge and pass an ingested coin from the esophagus when criteria for its performance are adhered to rigidly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Hereditary multiple atresias of the gastrointestinal tract: report of a case and review of the literature.

Hereditary multiple atresia of the gastrointestinal tract is an extremely rare subgroup of intestinal atresia. The aim of this study was to report a new case, to review the literature, and to describe the unique features of this malformation. A computer-generated list of articles on this subject was obtained, and all articles relative to this malformation were reviewed. Thirty-five other well-documented cases were found in the literature. Hereditary multiple atresias have several unique features: (1) the abdominal x-ray shows signs of gastric or duodenal atresia combined with typical large rounded or oval homogeneous calcifications in the abdominal cavity, (2) intraoperatively widespread atresias (exclusively type I and II) extending mostly from stomach to rectum are found, (3) cystic dilatation of the bile ducts can be present in cases with both complete pyloric and duodenal or proximal jejunal atresia, (4) the pathogenesis is still speculative; a combined immunodeficiency should be excluded, and (5) a fatal outcome is the rule.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1988

Corrosive oesophagitis: an analysis of 50 cases.

A total of 50 consecutive patients who were treated in JIPMER Hospital between 1970 and 1981 for corrosive injuries of the oesophagus and stomach were analysed. There were 23 males and 27 females. All but seven presented with dysphagia due to an established stricture. In addition seven of them had associated stricture of the stomach. They were treated with either repeated dilatations or, in selected cases, oesophageal replacement. Perforation of the oesophagus is an important complication associated with oesophageal dilatation indicating the need for oesophageal replacement in multiple or long dense strictures. Results are quite satisfactory with both modalities of treatment. However, oesophageal replacement surgery, performed properly in selected cases, offers a permanent solution to these unfortunate victims.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Sensory alteration of motor patterns in the stomatogastric nervous system of the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus.

1. Stretching the pyloric region of the lobster's stomach in a manner that resembles pyloric dilation triggers a prolonged burst of impulses in two interneurones with axons in the inferior ventricular nerve (IVN). The burst is activated in the oesophageal ganglion by sensory axons that traverse the lateral ventricular nerves, the dorsal ventricular nerve and the stomatogastric nerve. These sensory axons do not appear to make synaptic contacts in the stomatogastric ganglion. 2. Electrical stimulation of sensory branches of the pyloric nerve triggers similar bursts in the IVN interneurones. 3. The burst of impulses in the IVN interneurones lasts from 2 to 30 s and the impulse frequency ranges from 10 to 80 Hz in different parts of the burst. Once triggered, burst structure and burst duration are independent of the intensity or duration of stimuli applied to the sensory nerves. 4. These bursts alter both the gastric and pyloric motor patterns. The IVN interneurones make a complex pattern of synapses with stomatogastric neurones. These are: pyloric dilators (PD) - excitation and slow inhibition; ventricular dilator (VD) - excitation; gastric mill (GM) neurones - inhibition; lateral posterior gastric neurones (LPGN) - inhibition; and Interneurone I (Int I) - excitation and slow inhibition. The size of the p.s.p.s at each of these synapses depends on the duration and impulse-frequency of the burst in the presynaptic neurones, which in turn alters the firing patterns of the stomatogastric neurones in various ways.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new procedure for the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices by transgastric azygo-portal disconnection.

Eighty-eight patients with bleeding esophageal varices due to portal hypertension underwent splenectomy and devascularization of the upper half of the stomach and the abdominal esophagus. A Hegar dilator no. 17 was introduced into the esophagus through a gastrotomy. A ring of separated stitches was applied at cardia level, the needle being inserted as far as the metallic surface so as to include the entire wall of the esophagus. Complete interruption of all gastroesophageal vascular communication was thus obtained. After suture of the gastrotomy, a Nissen or Lind's fundoplication was performed. In 62 (70.45%) patients, the immediate postoperative course was uneventful, 21 had non-lethal complications, 13 had abdominal evisceration, six pulmonary complications, four subphrenic abscesses, five patients died, two in hepatic coma, two after reoperation for subphrenic abscess and one after massive hemorrhage due to an acute gastric ulcer. Forty-three patients (48.8%) developed transient ascites which disappeared before they were discharged from the hospital. In thirteen patients (15.6%), the hemorrhage recurred. Of the 32 patients operated one to two years ago, only one rebled. Of the 35 patients operated three to five years ago, nine rebled and three, of the 16 patients operated from five to seven years ago, rebled. With radiological and endoscopic investigations, reduced varices were seen above the suture line, in many cases, passively filled up with blood returning from the azygos vein. Reflux esophagitis was observed in 17 patients who had had a Lortat-Jacob procedure to reduce the His angle; of these, eight rebled later. No gastroesophageal reflux was seen after Nissen or Lind's fundoplication. No fistulae, dysphagia or stenosis was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a de novo 5q31q33 deletion associated multiple congenital anomalies: case report.

Interstitial deletions are relatively rare chromosomal anomalies that usually arise de novo. The data describing the phenotype associated with interstitial deletions of 5q are very limited. We describe the first case of multiple fetal anomalies, diagnosed on prenatal sonographic examination, associated with a deletion at 5q31q33. Sonographic examination at 23 weeks' gestation demonstrated growth parameters consistent with 20 weeks' gestation; a 7-mm nuchal fold; a dilated loop of bowel adjacent to the stomach suggestive of duodenal atresia; clubbing of the left foot; a narrow aorta; suspected ventricular septal defect; and placental thickening. The patient delivered a severely growth-restricted fetus and enlarged placenta at 30 weeks' gestation. The infant died neonatally.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Clinical evaluation of a modified circumcostal gastropexy in dogs.

A modified circumcostal gastropexy was performed in 5 Greyhounds. A 3-cm-long tunnel was created between the seromuscular and submuscosal layers of the pyloric antrum. A 6- to 7-cm-long segment of the cartilaginous portion of the 10th or 11th rib was dissected free of surrounding tissues and transected; the proximal portion of the rib was inserted through the seromuscular tunnel. The transected ends of the rib were overlapped approximately 1.5 cm and sutured in apposition in a side-by-side manner. Mean time for completion of the gastropexy was 11.5 minutes. Persistence of the surgically created gastric adhesion was verified by laparoscopy and ultrasonography 6 and 18 months after surgery. Positive-contrast radiography confirmed normal anatomic position of the stomach. Important complications associated with the procedure were not detected. Results for these 5 dogs indicated that modified circumcostal gastropexy could be performed rapidly, was safe, and created long-lasting gastric fixation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Intragastric balloon as an artificial bezoar for treatment of obesity.

A free-floating rubber balloon was installed as an artificial intragastric bezoar in five obese women. These patients were studied for a total of 272 days - i.e., 130 days with the balloon inflated (10 periods) and 142 days when the balloon was known to be deflated (7 periods). The balloons were easy to insert and reduced hunger. They remained inflated for 7 to 21 days (median 12 days) as judged by radioscopy. Collapsed balloons passed unnoticed with the stools. There were no complications associated with their use. During consecutive periods with balloon, without balloon, and with balloon average weight-losses over 10 days were: 5.0 kg (range 8.6 to 2.0), 0.5 kg (2.9 to 0.3), and 2.1 kg (2.6 to 1.2), respectively. The weight-loss observed while the balloons were inflated is promising but the efficacy of the method can only be evaluated when balloons which remain inflated for several months within the stomach become available.

Adult↗