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Results for “SCALP DERMATOSES”

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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Diffuse heterochromia of scalp hair.

Heterochromia of hair is the presence of more than one distinct color of hair in the same person. A color difference between scalp hair and a mustache or sideburns is not uncommon. Pubic and axillary hair and eyebrows and eyelashes are often darker than scalp hair in a fair-haired person. Rarely, a circumscribed patch of hair of different colors occurs. However, diffuse heterochromia of black and red scalp hair has not been previously reported. We describe a father and son with this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of acne keloidalis nuchae in football players.

BACKGROUND: Acne mechanica (AM) is common in football players. Severe cases of nuchal AM may precede acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN). Factors that may be associated with the progression of nuchal AM to AKN are unknown. The prevalence of AKN in football players has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the frequency of nuchal AM and AKN within a susceptible population and attempted to identify factors that may be associated with AKN. METHODS: Four hundred fifty-three high school, collegiate, and professional football players were examined for the presence of nuchal AM or AKN. Those with positive findings completed a questionnaire regarding their disease. RESULTS: Nuchal AM was more prevalent in high school players (15.5%) than older players (1.2%). AKN was more frequent in players beyond the high school level and was found exclusively in blacks. AKN was not associated with a positive family history of AKN nor a positive personal or family history of keloid formation. CONCLUSION: AKN occurs almost exclusively in blacks. The level of football play may be associated with the development of AKN. Positive family history of AKN and positive family or personal history of keloids is not associated with AKN development.

Acne Keloid↗
PubMed1997

Postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia: a frontal variant of lichen planopilaris.

BACKGROUND: Lichen planopilaris usually produces multifocal areas of scarring alopecia. Recently, a condition in postmenopausal women characterized by progressive frontal hairline recession associated with scarring has been described. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the clinical and histopathologic features and results of treatment in a group of women with the frontal variant of lichen planopilaris and to compare the immunohistochemical profile of scalp biopsy specimens from this subset with that found in the multifocal variant of lichen planopilaris. METHOD: The clinical data as well as the histopathologic findings in 16 women with frontal fibrosing alopecia were collated. The immunohistochemical profile of six scalp biopsy specimens from the frontal hairline were compared with six specimens from women with multifocal lichen planopilaris. RESULTS: In addition to the progressive frontal fibrosing alopecia in all 16 women, total loss or a marked decrease of the eyebrows was observed in 13. No evidence of lichen planus was observed at other sites. In one patient multifocal areas of lichen planopilaris developed in the scalp. The frontal fibrosing alopecia was slowly progressive but has stabilized in five patients. Biopsy specimens from the frontal hairline showed histologic changes identical to lichen planopilaris. Immunophenotyping failed to reveal any significant differences between the frontal and multifocal variants. No effective treatments emerged although oral steroids and antimalarials may temporarily slow the course. Hormone replacement therapy did not appear to influence the course of the alopecia. CONCLUSION: Progressive frontal fibrosing alopecia is a clinically distinct variant of lichen planopilaris that affects in particular elderly women and frequently involves the eyebrows. The basis for this lichenoid tissue reaction targeting frontal scalp follicles and eyebrows is unknown.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

An assessment of topical and oral prescription and over-the-counter treatments for head lice.

A plethora of head lice cases that require optimal therapeutic assessments are developing in elementary schools. Over-the-counter therapies continue to be the mainstream solution for most cases of pediculosis capitis, but the onset of resistant cases dictates a review of available treatment modalities. The increased efficacy of prescription drugs, namely topical 5% permethrin and oral ivermectin, underline the expanding role that physicians will serve in the eradication of head lice in our communities.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Ketoconazole 2% shampoo in the treatment of tinea versicolor: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Tinea versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection caused by a lipophilic yeast. This chronically recurring opportunistic infection is especially prevalent in tropical and semitropical regions. The topical short-term application of ketoconazole 2% shampoo may provide effective and safe therapy for tinea versicolor. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single application (1 day) versus three daily applications (3 days) of ketoconazole 2% shampoo versus placebo shampoo in the treatment of mycologically confirmed tinea versicolor. METHODS: Three hundred twelve patients were included in the primary analyses for this 31-day study. Global evaluation scores were measured on days 10 and 31 with a 5-point scale (1 = healed to 5 = worsening), and a cellophane tape test was done at baseline and days 3, 10, and 31. Efficacy was assessed by clinical response, defined as both a global evaluation score of 1 (healed) and a negative cellophane tape test on day 31. Signs and symptoms of tinea versicolor (scaling, itching, erythema, hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation) also were evaluated at baseline, day 10, and day 31 with a 4-point scale (0 = absent to 3 = severe). RESULTS: Both regimens of ketoconazole shampoo were significantly (P < .001) more effective than placebo for rate of clinical response, global evaluation scores, and mycologic outcomes (cellophane tape test). The clinical response rates at day 31 were 73%, 69%, and 5% for the 3-day ketoconazole, 1-day ketoconazole, and placebo groups, respectively. The difference in the efficacy of the two ketoconazole treatment regimens was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between any of the treatment groups in the number of patients who experienced adverse events. No serious adverse events occurred and no patient withdrew from the trial prematurely because of an adverse event. CONCLUSION: Ketoconazole 2% shampoo, used as a single application or daily for 3 days, is safe and highly effective in the treatment of tinea versicolor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Scarring alopecia and sclerodermatous changes of the scalp in a patient with hepatitis C infection.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of chronic hepatitis and is frequently associated with extrahepatic disease. Recently, cutaneous disorders have been a presenting manifestation of HCV infection. Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is one of the cutaneous diseases associated with hepatitis C. PCT manifests in an acute form with tense bullae and erosions and in a chronic form with milia, scarring, and sclerodermatous changes. HCV has also been implicated as a cause of vasculitis through immune complex deposition. We report a patient in whom HCV was associated with sclerodermoid PCT and a medium vessel vasculitis. This case underscores the importance of HCV and its potential cutaneous manifestations, as well as the importance of recognizing cutaneous manifestations of internal disease that may be the first clue to diagnosis of HCV.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Folliculitis spinulosa decalvans: successful therapy with dapsone.

A 27-year-old male patient presented with scaly erythema and crusts on the scalp. Since birth, he suffered from dry skin and inflammation of the eyelids. Scarring alopecia was noticed in some regions of his scalp. Folliculitis spinulosa decalvans was diagnosed. Therapy with isotretinoin and topical corticosteroids was without effect. In contrast, 100 mg of Dapsone per day led to resolution of the inflammatory signs. This enabled him to cover the disfiguring scarring alopecia with a permanent hairpiece. His condition has been stable after 18 months without the enlargement of the scarred alopecic areas.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1998

Tufted hair folliculitis developing in a recalcitrant lesion of pemphigus vulgaris.

We describe tufted hair folliculitis that developed in a chronically erosive plaque on the scalp of a Japanese man patient with pemphigus vulgaris. After repeated intralesional corticosteroid injections, the erosive lesion improved, leaving multiple hairs emerging from single follicular openings. The current case suggests that localized exudative inflammatory lesions in the scalp regardless of cause can result in tufted hair formation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Lindane toxicity in a 24-year-old woman.

A case of lindane toxicity in a 24-year-old woman who used lindane shampoo for treatment of an alleged case of lice infestation is described. The patient experienced uncontrolled motor activity that began approximately 2 hours after treatment and resolved approximately 48 hours later. A review of the literature revealed that most cases of acute lindane toxicity resulting from topical application have occurred in the pediatric and geriatric populations and are manifested by grand mal seizures. No case of acute lindane toxicity resulting from topical use was found in the emergency medicine literature. This case illustrates the toxic, neurologic effects of lindane in a young adult.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

How to select covariates to include in the analysis of a clinical trial.

The comparisons of treatments in randomized clinical trials may use the analysis of covariance to adjust for patient characteristics. We present theoretical results that describe when such an adjustment would be expected to be beneficial. A distinction is made between covariates that are balanced in the design and those that are assigned by the randomization process. The results support the commonly held view that features balanced in the design of the trial (e.g., by stratification) and those that are strongly predictive of the outcome, and thus considered clinically prognostic, should normally be included in the analysis. For other covariates that are not balanced in the design, the potential benefits of including them in the analysis will depend on the number of patients in the trial. However, there is frequently a set of variables whose relevance is unknown and for which data-dependent methods of selection, based on the data for the current trial, have been proposed. A review of the literature has shown that these methods can produce misleading inferences. The decision as to which covariates to include in the analysis should be specified in the protocol on the basis of data from previous trials on similar patient populations. The methods are illustrated with data from a trial comparing two therapies for treating scalp psoriasis where the clinical importance of patients' age and sex as prognostic factors for efficacy is unknown. We show for what size of future trials it would be beneficial to adjust for these covariates and for what size trials it would not. In all cases, prespecification of variables to be included in the analysis is essential in order to avoid bias.

Analysis of Variance↗