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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Acupuncture for the induction of cervical dilatation in preparation for first-trimester abortion and its influence on HCG.

Cervical dilatation in preparation for first-trimester abortion using acupuncture at loci SP6 and LI4 was studied in 20 patients, who were compared to a control group in whom no preparation was used. Ninety percent of the patients had successful acupuncture procedures. As judged by Hegar dilators, the increase in cervical dilatation in those 18 patients was significantly greater than in the controls. No significant side effects were observed. The effect of acupuncture on serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) as a pregnancy marker was evaluated in 12 patients. No statistically significant difference in the change in HCG was noted in terms of the controls, indicating an absence of abortifacient activity with acupuncture.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1980

[Comparative studies into effects of synthetic oestrogens and gestagens on certain serum protein fractions under standardised conditions (author's transl)].

Initial effects of the following hormonal contraceptives on certain serum proteins in 29 women were checked under standardised conditions through the first three cycles on the pill: Deposiston (ethinyloestradiol-sulphonate/norethisterone-acetate), Gravistat (ethinyloestradiol/norgestrel), Non-Ovlon (ethinyloestradiol/norethisterone-actate).--Effects were found to differ strongly by fractions. Differences were recorded also from action over time. Changes and deviations were confirmed to depend on oestrogen levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cystic disease, family history of breast cancer, and use of oral contraceptives.

Epidemiologic studies show a lower frequency of fibrocystic breast disease among users of oral contraceptives than among women who have never used them. Family history of breast cancer appears to be more common among benign breast disease patients than among their controls. To determine the use of oral contraceptives and the presence of family history of breast cancer, information was obtained from 211 cystic cases and their matched controls from the metropolitan Toronto area. Cystic cases compared to controls had a higher proportion of women with a family history of breast cancer (21% vs 15%). For both a positive and negative family history of breast cancer, as well as for all women combined, the mean duration of oral contraceptive use was lower for cystic cases than for controls. The odds ratio for oral contraceptive use according to family history of breast cancer for cystic cases and controls was 0.42 and 0.81 respectively. The possibility that a woman is more protected against benign breast disease by using oral contraceptives if she has a family history of breast cancer deserves more attention in future investigations on the long-term effects of birth control pills.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacological studies of a contraceptive drug anordrin.

A new oral contraceptive--Anordrin has been discovered. It is an A-Nor-steroid with some estrogenic activity and possessing a significant anti-fertility activity in mice, rats, rabbits, hamsters and dogs. In rats, AF-53, administrated repeatedly, led to sterility but did not alter mating behaviour, and the fertility of the animals recovered soon after cessation of the medication. In sub-minimal antifertility doses it has no teratogenic effect. Acute and chronic toxicity tests in animals showed that this drug did not cause any apparent abnormality in the blood picture, liver and renal functions, as well as in the histological examinations of organs. Experiments with 14C-labelled Anordrin showed that this drug could be absorbed rapidly but not completely in the gastrointestinal tract. The peak blood level was usually attained at 9 hours after administration. The drug excreted in the urine reached a maximum in 10--12 hours. Higher radio-activity was found in bile and gastrointestinal tract and was also excreted in large amounts in the feces. In clinical trials it is administrated only once post-coitally. The time for taking the drug is not limited by the menstrual cycle and it is unnecessary to be taken successively. Thus Anordrin is a convenient, safe and effective oral contraceptive drug.

Alkynes↗
PubMed1982

Venous and arterial thromboembolic disease in women using oral contraceptives.

Vascular plasminogen activator was measured by means of a new chromogenic assay in 24 women who had suffered from oral contraceptive-associated thrombotic disease and was compared to that in a control group of 78 premenopausal women. Vascular plasminogen activator levels were significantly reduced in the subjects who had venous thrombosis but not in the five women who had arterial thrombosis (0.04 +/- 0.03 versus 0.38 +/- 0.31, respectively) when compared to the levels in the control group (0.19 +/- 0.20). Since vascular activator levels distribute in a non-Gaussian manner, cases and controls were also stratified into deciles. Seventeen subjects who had suffered from venous thrombosis were stratified in the lowest three deciles, and two subjects, in the fourth and fifth deciles. Subjects who had suffered from arterial thrombosis were in the fourth or higher deciles. The conclusion is that, although there is a correlation between low levels of vascular plasminogen activator and venous thrombosis, no such correlation exists for arterial thrombosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Contrasting diet and body mass among users and nonusers of oral contraceptives and exogenous estrogens: the Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

Mean dietary constituent levels using the 24-hour recall method and body mass measures were examined among oral contraceptive and exogenous estrogen users and nonusers in the Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Among women aged 20-44 years, oral contraceptive users had a significantly lower mean Quetelet index of body mass and triceps skinfold thickness and a significantly higher total caloric intake. Among women aged 45-69 years, those taking exogenous estrogens had a significantly lower mean Quetelet index. No significant differences between hormone users and nonusers were seen for per cent of calories from fat (saturated or unsaturated), protein, carbohydrates, starch, sucrose, or alcohol. The higher total caloric intake in oral contraceptive users in contrast to nonusers and the lower body mass in both groups of gonadal hormone users may in part be indicative of other differences in life-style and behavior between the study groups. Further documentation of specific eating patterns, nutrient intake, and energy metabolism in women consuming gonadal hormones and in suitable control subjects seems to be indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Oral contraceptives and breast cancer.

A case-control interview study, conducted among participants in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project and involving 963 breast cancer cases and 858 controls, allowed evaluation of the risk of breast cancer associated with use of oral contraceptives. Overall, there was no association between use and risk of disease (RR = 1.1). In addition, there was no indication of increasing risk with years of use or years since initial use, despite slight excess risks observed among users of high-dose preparations. Premenopausal women who used the pill after the age of 40 demonstrated approximately a 50% increased risk, possibly as a result of artificial prolongation of a premenopausal rate of disease incidence. Non-significant excess risks associated with pill use were also seen among premenopausal women who reported a family history of breast cancer in a sister (RR = 3.6) or previous biopsies for benign breast disease (RR = 3.2). The latter excess was limited to women whose use of the pill preceded a first biopsy, suggesting that the types of lesions requiring biopsy among current long-term pill users may be those that predispose to breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Parenteral contraceptive drugs: depot progestins].

Depot progestins as injectables, implantables or vaginal rings are suitable for contraception in those female patients, in which risk factors (e.g. cardiovascular risk) exclude the use of estrogen-progestin mixtures. In this paper the mode of action, indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of the various methods using depot-progestins are discussed. Injectables contain either medroxyprogesterone acetate or norethistronenantate; both steroids are released slowly within a limited time interval (2 to 4 months) out of a depot. The major effect is a change of the cervical mucus. Side-effects are disturbances of the menstrual cycle (e.g. breakthrough bleedings) as well as an amenorrhea after frequent use (up to 50% of all cases). The subdermal implantables (Norplant 2 or 5) release levonorgestrel out of a depot over a time period of at least 5 years. Steroid plasma levels are lower than in those patients using a progestin-only pill. Side-effects of implantables are disturbances of the menstrual cycle (e.g. breakthrough bleeding); in patients who desire to conceive a child or suffer from undesirable side-effects the implantables can be removed at every time. The progestin releasing vaginal rings are in a stage of controlled clinical trials. The advantages depend on ethe easy mode of administration (implantation or removal). Side-effects are also breakthrough bleedings.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1983

Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with oral contraceptive steroids. Review of treatment of 47 cases.

Oral contraceptive steroids (OCS) have been implicated as the cause of a number of instances of hepatic vein thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome). Survival appears to be related to early diagnosis and treatment, but there does not appear to be a consensus as to the most appropriate management of these patients. Portosystemic shunting has frequently been advocated, although the results have been quite variable. Some patients appear to do well with conservative measures only. In the effort to obtain a clearer understanding of the effects of different medical and surgical therapies in this disorder, we analyzed the treatment of 47 cases associated with OCS, 29 of which were found in the literature and 18 additional cases identified through a questionnaire survey mailed to members of the AASLD. Surgery had been performed in 27 of these 47 patients (57%); 17 patients had been treated medically (36%); two individuals had received unspecified treatment, and one patient died before any treatment could be initiated. In the surgical group 13 patients underwent portosystemic shunt surgery with six surviving up to 5 years. Two patients survived more than 15 months following orthotopic liver transplant and one patient is well after partial hepatectomy. Of 10 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy (three with the intent to perform a shunt), seven died postoperatively. Mean survival for the surgically treated group was 19.4 months (range 10 days to 7 years). Of those patients treated medically with combinations of diuretics, anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, fibrinolytic agents, and peritoneovenous shunts to control ascites, 11 (65%) have survived from 3 months to 6 years (mean survival 29.0 months). We conclude that a satisfactory response may accompany either medical or surgical management of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome associated with OCS. Patients with severe occlusive disease may benefit most from surgical decompression of the hepatic veins. However, for those with mild to moderate disease, the proper role for operative intervention remains to be defined.

Adult↗