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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

New human coronavirus, HCoV-NL63, associated with severe lower respiratory tract disease in Australia.

A new human coronavirus, HCoV-NL63, was associated recently with bronchiolitis. The current study aimed to examine retrospectively stored specimens for the presence of HCoV-NL63 using nested RT-PCR assays targeting the 1a and 1b genes. The study population was composed of patients with acute respiratory disease warranting presentation to Queensland hospitals. HCoV-NL63 was detected in the nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) of 16 of 840 specimens representing 766 patients (2%). HCoV-NL63 positive individuals were diagnosed most commonly with lower respiratory tract (LRT) disease (81%). The clinical diagnosis was commonly supported by an abnormal chest X-ray (56%) together with respiratory distress (50%), wheeze (44%), and rales (25%) on first presentation with HCoV-NL63 infection. All patients positive for HCoV-NL63 required admission to hospital. Among 38% of HCoV-NL63 positive specimens a second pathogen was detected. Sequencing of amplicon from gene 1b revealed more than 99% nucleotide homology with the viral type strains while sequencing amplicon from gene 1a permitted the grouping of viral strains. It was shown that HCoV-NL63 is associated with severe LRT disease in an Australian hospital setting during the cooler months of the year. We propose that HCoV-NL63 is a global and seasonal pathogen of both children and adults associated with severe LRT illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Causative relations between infections and allergies in obstructive respiratory tract diseases in childhood].

Obstructive bronchitis of young babies and infants is most often caused by respiratory-syncytial (RS)- and parainfluenza viruses, to a certain extent by adenoviruses. In the school age-group rhinoviruses and to a smaller extent mycoplasma pneumoniae gain further importance. All the viruses may cause or deteriorate asthmatic attacks, as well as during common cold or on the basis of documented allergies. Proposed mechanisms of viral-infection-induced obstructive airway disease are distinct lesions of bronchial-epithelium, followed by enhanced allergen-resorption and sensitization of submucosal mast cells, establishing an allergy. Following epithelial discontinuation airway irritant receptors which are raised in sensitivity by viral toxins are exposed and stimulated. Via vago-vagal reflexes this leads to bronchoconstriction. Furthermore, in the development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness there may be participation of virus-induced blockage of adrenoceptors, basophilic and mast-cell release of mediators as well as induction of specific IgE antibodies against RS- and/or Para-influenza-viruses. Viral airway infections are supposed to influence the immunological response of T-lymphocytes and probably macrophages selectively, e.g. to regulate IgE-antibody production. Especially in children with an atopic family history the RS-viruses cause obstructive airway disease. During acute respiratory-virus infections using electron microscopy marked pathological changes of bronchial-epithelium can be demonstrated causing disturbance or even stopage of mucus-transport. These changes are fully reversible within weeks after airway infection. Although there is no doubt about a causative relation between respiratory-tract infection and allergy, hardly any prediction for development of asthma bronchiale in later life, after having suffered from virus-induced obstructive airway disease early in life, can be made.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Asthma↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of meteorologic and air hygiene factors on acute respiratory tract diseases in children--based on the example of the Biel region].

In the area of a Swiss town (Biel) and its surroundings, cases of various acute respiratory illnesses among children were recorded and correlated with measured parameters of weather and air pollution (sulfur dioxide, dust) during a period of 17 months. An increase in cases was noted during the fall and winter months, involving low temperatures, high humidity and weather conditions with northerly synoptic winds. Also, correlation of the cases to SO2 deposition values revealed a significant connection that may possibly be simulated by identical seasonal changes. No significant connection could be found between concentrations of SO2 or dust values and frequency of illness.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1986

[Significance of leukotrienes in chronic respiratory tract diseases in childhood].

The role of lipoxygenase products was studied in children suffering from chronic diseases of the lung. Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4 and B4 were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for C4. Elevated levels (up to 40 ng/ml), especially for leukotriene E4, were found in plasma of asthmatic and bronchitic patients (leukotriene C4 concentrations varied between 0.05 and 40 ng/ml, mean 4.9 +/- 7.8 ng/ml). In healthy donors the concentrations were below the detection limits of HPLC, leukotriene C4 ranging between 5 +/- 4 ng/ml (RIA data). The conversion of leukotriene C4 to D4 and E4 was observed by incubating the samples with synthetic leukotriene C4. The half-life of leukotriene C4 in plasma varied greatly, ranging from less than 12 min to 72 min (mean 39 +/- 16 min). Bronchial lavages yielded leukotriene C4 concentrations of 0.2 to 7 ng. Leukotriene E4 was detected in 10 of 41 cases. Conversion of leukotriene C4 did not occur in 50% of all cases, but was regularly observed in putrid lavages. These data suggest that leukotrienes play an important role in allergic and infectious lung diseases.

Adolescent↗