Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “RADIOGRAPHY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Specimen slice radiography of cancer in breast conserving excisions.

AIM: To investigate histologically the power of specimen slice radiography to record invasive and in situ carcinoma in breast conserving cancer excisions. METHODS: Twenty six cancer excisions were converted into 171 complete tissue slices, which were examined radiographically. From these slices, 373 histological blocks were processed and histological and radiographic assessments were compared. RESULTS: Radiography and histology mapped excision margins and lesions in detail. Radiographic prediction of histology was imprecise. Six invasive carcinomas were either undetectable by radiology or reached a radiologically clear margin. Six small invasive carcinoma satellites were not recognised. Adjacent ductal carcinoma in situ was undetectable in nine of 15 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Slice radiography and histology are capable of precise lesion mapping in breast cancer excisions, and clinical utility of such mapping merits investigation. Radiology alone is imprecise and to infer complete excision of breast carcinoma by radiography (of excision specimens or residual breast) alone may be unsafe.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

Resource cost analysis of cervical spine trauma radiography.

PURPOSE: To determine the resource costs of the technical component of cervical spine radiography in patients with trauma and the factors that drive resource costs, to provide a model for resource cost estimation, and to compare resource costs with other methods of cost estimation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Direct measurement was made of technologist labor and supply costs of a cohort of 409 consecutive patients with trauma who underwent cervical spine radiography. Probability of cervical spine injury was determined by reviewing emergency department medical records. An animated simulation model was used to combine cost and injury probability estimates to determine resource costs. Sensitivity analysis explored factors that determined costs and estimated uncertainty in model estimations. Comparison was made with other cost estimates. RESULTS: The average technical resource cost for cervical spine radiography was $49.60. Both direct labor ($19.60 vs $13.33; P <.005) and film ($8.39 vs $6.76; P <.005) costs were greater in patients with high probability of injury than in those with low probability of injury. Overall costs in patients with high probability of injury exceeded those in patients with low probability of injury by 33%. Resource costs exceeded Medicare resource-based relative value unit reimbursements for all patients with trauma. CONCLUSION: Resource costs of the technical components of cervical spine radiography varied with patient probability of injury and were higher than Medicare reimbursements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Detection of pulmonary edema in pigs: storage phosphor versus amorphous selenium-based flat-panel-detector radiography.

PURPOSE: To compare diagnostic accuracy of soft-copy selenium-based digital radiographic images and soft-copy computed radiographic images obtained for detection of pulmonary edema in pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oleic acid was injected intraatrially into three pigs (weight, 20-25 kg) at doses of 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 mL/kg to induce pulmonary edema. Thirty-seven sets of computed radiographic, digital radiographic, and thin-section computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained every 20-30 minutes in three pigs over 4-6 hours. Images were masked for identity, randomly sorted, and displayed on a monitor. Four radiologists rated each image for presence of parenchymal opacities by using a dichotomous scoring system in two sessions. Presence of pulmonary edema was determined with thin-section CT and a severity scale. Intra- and interobserver variations were determined with the kappa statistic and the Z test and with the Cochran Q test and the McNemar test, respectively. True-positive, true-negative, false-positive, and false-negative rates were determined. McNemar test was used to determine statistical significance of differences in detection between computed and digital radiographic images. RESULTS: There was no significant intra- or interobserver variation, except for one pair of observers during the first interpretative session with computed radiographic images (P =.016, McNemar test). Overall sensitivity (92.1%) and diagnostic accuracy (90.2%) of digital radiography were significantly higher than those of computed radiography (79.6% and 83.4%, respectively) (P <.001 for sensitivity, P =.01 for diagnostic accuracy, McNemar test). In detection of minimal and mild pulmonary edema, sensitivity of digital radiography (84%) was significantly higher than that of computed radiography (58%) (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Soft-copy digital radiographic images are superior to soft-copy computed radiographic images obtained for detection of mild pulmonary edema in pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Acute nontraumatic abdominal pain in adult patients: abdominal radiography compared with CT evaluation.

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic yield of abdominal radiography with that of computed tomography (CT) in adult patients presenting to the emergency department with nontraumatic abdominal pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of 1,000 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain from April to June 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 871 patients underwent abdominal radiography, and 188 underwent abdominal CT. The report interpretations of the abdominal radiographs and CT scans were divided into normal, nonspecific, and abnormal categories. Final discharge diagnoses were compared with the interpretations of the imaging examination results, and sensitivities and specificities of each modality were calculated and compared. RESULTS: Interpretation of abdominal radiographs was nonspecific in 588 (68%) of 871 patients, normal in 200 (23%), and abnormal in 83 (10%). The highest sensitivity of abdominal radiography was 90% for intraabdominal foreign body and 49% for bowel obstruction. Abdominal radiography had 0% sensitivity for appendicitis, pyelonephritis, pancreatitis, and diverticulitis. Sensitivities of abdominal CT were highest for bowel obstruction and urolithiasis at 75% and 68%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Abdominal radiographs are not sensitive in the evaluation of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with nontraumatic abdominal pain.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed2004

Skeletal applications for flat-panel versus storage-phosphor radiography: effect of exposure on detection of low-contrast details.

PURPOSE: To compare exposure requirements for similar detection performance with flat-panel detectors and the most recent generation of storage-phosphor plates in the simulated scatter of typical skeletal radiographic examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A contrast-detail test object was covered with varying thicknesses of acrylic to simulate skeletal exposure conditions in the wrist, knee, and pelvis. Three series were obtained with increasing thicknesses of a simulated soft-tissue layer (5, 10, and 20 cm) and increasing tube voltage (50, 70, and 90 kVp). A fourth series was obtained with exposure conditions adapted to the phantom instructions (75 kVp). Images were acquired with a flat-panel detector (cesium iodide scintillator) and storage-phosphor plates at five exposure levels (speed class range, 100-1,600). Five readers evaluated 84 images to determine the threshold contrast of 12 lesion diameters (range, 0.25-11.1 mm). Statistical significance of differences between the two digital systems was assessed with two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: A linear relationship was found between the number of detected lesions and the logarithm of exposure (R(2) > 0.98 for all series). On average, the flat-panel system required 45% less exposure than did the phosphor plates when 20-cm-thick acrylic was superimposed on the test object. Differences in exposure requirements were smaller with decreasing thicknesses of simulated soft-tissue layers and lower tube voltages (39% at 10 cm and 70 kVp, and 17% at 5 cm and 50 kVp). All differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Flat-panel radiography provides improved contrast detectability and a potential for exposure reduction compared with those with storage-phosphor radiography. The best performance was achieved with conditions comparable to those for radiography of the trunk and lowest for conditions that simulate radiography of the extremities.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed2004

Low-voltage digital selenium radiography: detection of simulated interstitial lung disease, nodules, and catheters--a phantom study.

PURPOSE: To compare three tube voltages in digital selenium radiography for the detection of simulated interstitial lung disease, nodules, and catheters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Simulated catheters, nodules, and ground-glass, linear, miliary, and reticular patterns were superimposed over an anthropomorphic chest phantom. Digital selenium radiography was performed with different tube voltages (70, 90, and 150 kVp). Hard-copy images were generated. Detection performance of five radiologists was compared by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis involving 54,000 observations. RESULTS: The detection of ground-glass, linear, miliary, and reticular patterns over lucent lung and of nodules equal to, smaller than, and larger than 10 mm increased when 70 kVp and/or 90 kVp was used. However, only the reticular pattern was significantly better detected at lower peak voltage (P <.05). Simulated catheters and nodules over the mediastinum showed smaller areas under the ROC curve at lower peak voltage. These results were not statistically significant (P >.05). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic performance of digital selenium radiography at lower peak voltage is at least as good as that at higher peak voltage for interstitial lung disease over lucent lung. Performance is equivalent for nodules and catheters over obscured chest regions at lower peak voltages compared with that at 150 kVp. Our results implicate that the use of high-voltage technique in digital selenium radiography should be reassessed.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1991

Detection of gastric erosions: comparison of biphasic radiography with fiberoptic endoscopy.

Biphasic radiography was compared with fiberoptic endoscopy in detecting gastric erosions in a prospective, blinded study of 385 patients with dyspepsia. Because no absolute standard was available for the comparison, since histologic confirmation of all erosions was not possible, the kappa statistic was used to compare results from both modalities. Flat (incomplete) erosions were detected with endoscopy only and were considered to be present in 42 patients (11.2%). Varioliform (complete) erosions were identified with both radiography and endoscopy in 12 patients (3.2%). For the detection of varioliform erosions, a substantial agreement beyond chance between both modalities was found (kappa = 0.73; standard error, 0.12). Thus, flat erosions were detected with endoscopy only, whereas state-of-the-art radiography and endoscopy were equally sensitive for detecting varioliform erosions. Histologic confirmation of erosions was obtained in only 75% of the patients. It is unknown whether the demonstration of erosions with radiography and/or endoscopy correlates with dyspepsia.

Dyspepsia↗
PubMed1992

AMBER and conventional chest radiography: comparison of radiation dose and image quality.

The authors compared the radiation dose to the patient and the image quality in advanced multiple-beam equalization radiography (AMBER) with those in conventional chest radiography. Organ doses were estimated for an anthropomorphic phantom from measurements with thermoluminescence dosimeters. These measurements were supplemented with area-air kerma products obtained during chest examinations of 223 patients. Image quality was determined by means of a contrast-detail image evaluation test. An improvement in image quality in regions of high absorption and an increased dose to the patient were found for the AMBER technique compared with the conventional technique. However, for both techniques, the radiation exposure was relatively low compared with other reported values of patient dose during chest radiography. The estimated effective dose for an average-size patient during chest radiography with posteroanterior and lateral projections is 0.085 mSv for the conventional and 0.14 mSv for the AMBER technique.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Bedside chest radiography.

Bedside chest radiography is one of the most frequently performed radiologic examinations, yet it is the examination with the most variation in image quality. The need to improve the quality of this examination has long been recognized, but it is a difficult problem to solve. Critically ill patients must undergo bedside chest radiography almost daily. These examinations are useful 76%-94% of the time. A national survey revealed that there is a wide variation in the methods used to perform bedside chest radiography, indicating that there is no excellent preferred technique. The reduced image quality is due to scatter radiation. The scatter fraction is about 0.95 in the mediastinum and is about 0.66 in the lung. When grids are used, the image quality is improved; acceptance has been slow, however, because the grid is frequently misaligned. Storage phosphor imaging/computed radiography with grids is a technology improvement that almost completely solves this problem. Radiologists should be sure to optimize the current techniques, as well as provide prompt examination reporting.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

Peripheral lung cancer: screening and detection with low-dose spiral CT versus radiography.

PURPOSE: To compare low-dose spiral computed tomography (CT) with radiography of the chest for the screening and detection of small peripheral lung cancers in a high-risk population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Posteroanterior and lateral radiographs and low-dose spiral CT scans were obtained twice a year from September 1993 to April 1995 in 1,369 individuals (a total of 3,457 examinations) who were at high risk for lung cancer. Low-dose spiral CT parameters were 120 kvP, 50 mA, 10-mm collimation, and 2:1 pitch. RESULTS: Peripheral lung cancer was detected in 15 of 3,457 examinations (0.3%). Among the 15 cases, the results of chest radiography were negative in 11 (73%), and the tumors were detected only at low-dose spiral CT. The detection rates of low-dose spiral CT and chest radiography were 0.43% (15 of 3,457 examinations), respectively. Fourteen (93%) of the 15 (exclusion of one pulmonary lung cancer) tumors were stage I. CONCLUSION: Low-dose spiral CT was superior to chest radiography in the screening and detection of peripheral lung cancer in high-risk individuals. Further large-scale studies are warranted, however, to clarify the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of low-dose spiral CT in a randomized, controlled population.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Rapid MR imaging versus plain radiography in patients with low back pain: initial results of a randomized study.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the feasibility of a randomized trial to compare rapid magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with plain radiography as the initial imaging study in patients with low back pain, to test measures of the decision-making process and patient outcomes, and to offer a model for using randomized clinical trials to evaluate diagnostic tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors randomly selected 62 patients with low back pain to undergo either rapid MR imaging or plain radiography. The authors measured functional status, satisfaction, and general health status at baseline and at 3 months. The modified Roland scale was the primary outcome measure. In addition, the authors examined diagnostic and therapeutic decision making and resources used by each group. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two patient groups with respect to outcome (Roland score: MR imaging = 12.5, radiography = 12.1). MR imaging provided more useful information to clinicians and resulted in greater patient reassurance. CONCLUSION: Randomly selecting patients to undergo imaging examinations and measuring outcomes is feasible; however, a larger, multicenter study is necessary to determine whether rapid MR imaging is a cost-effective replacement for plain radiography in patients with low back pain.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo effectiveness of laser fluorescence compared to visual inspection and radiography for the detection of occlusal caries in primary teeth.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of laser fluorescence compared to visual inspection and radiography for the detection of occlusal caries in primary teeth. Fifty sites from 30 molars in 29 patients were selected and evaluated under standardized conditions by 2 previously trained examiners according to the 3 diagnostic methods. Histological examination served as gold standard after exfoliation or extraction. Values obtained for sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 0.60, 0.90 and 0.73 for laser fluorescence, 0.82, 0.85 and 0.84 for visual inspection and 0.62, 0.73 and 0.67 for radiography, respectively. Considering only dentinal caries, values were 0.73, 0.95 and 0.90 for laser fluorescence, 0.61, 1.00 and 0.90 for visual inspection and 0.96, 0.81 and 0.85 for radiography, respectively. We conclude that for the detection of occlusal caries in primary molars laser fluorescence presents a similar accuracy when compared to visual inspection and radiography, although visual inspection showed better values for sensitivities for both enamel and dentin lesions.

Child↗
PubMed2000

The real performance of bitewing radiography and fiber-optic transillumination in approximal caries diagnosis.

For both general practitioners and researchers in caries diagnostics, the true validity of available diagnostic techniques is of considerable interest. Yet, for both bitewing radiography and fiber-optic transillumination, this is still not accurately known, nor is it clear which of the two techniques performs best clinically. This study's purpose was to estimate the clinical performance of the two techniques in diagnosing approximal caries lesions in low-caries-prevalence populations. Clinical studies that compare the two techniques were selected from literature. We determined 2 x 2 contingency tables from these studies and calculated one overall contingency table. The cut-off for decay was at dentinal caries. Assuming that erroneous outcomes from both techniques are mutually independent, we expressed diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the two techniques as functions of the contingency table cell contents, with caries prevalence as the parameter. Because the caries prevalence was unknown, every sensitivity and specificity value was possible. From the conditions that sensitivity, specificity, and caries prevalence are always between one and zero, a limited range of sensitivity and specificity values was obtained. Three situations were examined: Bitewing radiography specificity is 1, fiber-optic transillumination specificity is 1, and both specificities are equal. Under these conditions, the bitewing radiography sensitivity was between 1.00 and 0.71 +/- 0.01, and the fiber-optic transillumination sensitivity was between 0.70 +/- 0.01 and 0.50 +/- 0.02. Both specificities were between 1.00 and 0.99. We concluded that the two techniques have comparable specificities. but that the fiber-optic transillumination sensitivity is significantly lower than that for bitewing radiography.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1996

Total effective radiation dose from spiral CT and conventional radiography of the pelvis with regard to fracture classification.

PURPOSE: In most departments CT has replaced special radiographic projections with regard to classification of pelvic fractures. This change of procedure calls for analysis in terms of dosimetry. METHODS: The total effective radiation doses given with spiral CT and conventional 5 projection radiography were determined according to ICRP 60 by measuring organ doses with an anthropomorphic Rando Alderson phantom packed with thermoluminescence dosimeters. For comparison, easily obtainable calculated effective doses were also determined, based on the CT dose index (CTDI), measured free-in-air and as entrance surface dose using organ conversion factors according to NRPB-R250 and NRPB-R262. RESULTS: The total effective radiation dose was lower in spiral CT than in conventional 5 projection radiography, 4.4 and 5.0 mSv, respectively. In spiral CT the calculated effective dose was 11% lower and in conventional radiography 68% higher than the dose obtained by actual measurement using the Alderson phantom. CONCLUSION: As CT gives important diagnostic information with regard to classification of pelvic fractures, and without a greater radiation risk than impacted by 5 projection conventional radiography, we recommend the performance of spiral CT instead of special projections.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed2005

Reliability of stress radiography for evaluation of posterior knee laxity.

BACKGROUND: Although stress radiography has been recommended for quantifying posterior tibial displacement in knees with posterior cruciate ligament insufficiency, the intratester reliability and intertester reliability of this measurement method have not been evaluated. HYPOTHESIS: Stress radiography is a reproducible measurement method in the assessment of posterior knee laxity in patients with posterior cruciate ligament lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: Stress radiographs of 787 patients with suspected posterior cruciate ligament lesions taken using the Telos device were evaluated independently by 3 testers: 2 of the testers were clinically experienced in the evaluation of stress radiographs, and 1 tester was a novice tester. Change in mean, standard error of measurement with calculated confidence intervals, and intra-class correlation coefficients were determined to assess intratester and intertester reliability. RESULTS: There was no significant intratester change in mean. Intratester standard error of measurement was 1.03 mm; 95% confidence intervals were+/-2.02 mm for a single measurement and+/-2.86 mm for a change in measurement. The intratester intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.95. Intertester reliability revealed a significant change in mean between the experienced testers and the novice tester (P<.001). There was no substantial difference for the standard error of measurement of each tester. The mean intertester standard error of measurement was 1.41 mm; 95% confidence intervals were+/-2.77 mm for a single measurement and+/-3.91 mm for a change in measurement. The intertester intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.91. CONCLUSION: Stress radiography was found to be a measurement method with a useful reliability for evaluation of posterior laxity in patients with posterior cruciate ligament lesions. The reproducibility of stress radiography may be influenced by multiple variables, and standardized methods are needed to minimize measurement error.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Conventional radiography requires a MRI-estimated bone volume loss of 20% to 30% to allow certain detection of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis metacarpophalangeal joints.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the ability of conventional radiography to detect bone erosions of different sizes in metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the standard reference. A 0.2 T Esaote dedicated extremity MRI unit was used to obtain axial and coronal T1-weighted gradient echo images of the dominant 2nd to 5th MCP joints of 69 RA patients. MR images were obtained and evaluated for bone erosions according to the OMERACT recommendations. Conventional radiographs of the 2nd to 5th MCP joints were obtained in posterior-anterior projection and evaluated for bone erosions. The MRI and radiography readers were blinded to each other's assessments. Grade 1 MRI erosions (1% to 10% of bone volume eroded) were detected by radiography in 20%, 4%, 7% and 13% in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th MCP joint, respectively. Corresponding results for grade 2 erosions (11% to 20% of bone volume eroded) were 42%, 10%, 60% and 24%, and for grade 3 erosions (21% to 30% of bone volume eroded) 75%, 67%, 75% and 100%. All grade 4 (and above) erosions were detected on radiographs. Conventional radiography required a MRI-estimated bone erosion volume of 20% to 30% to allow a certain detection, indicating that MRI is a better method for detection and grading of minor erosive changes in RA MCP joints.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Testing a policy for skull radiography (and admission) following mild head injury.

There has been, and continues to be, conflicting advice regarding skull radiography following an apparently uncomplicated head injury. Policies on admission are often ill defined. In 1983, representatives of the Royal College of Radiologists met neurosurgeons at a seminar in Harrogate organized by the DHSS and laid down clear, but little publicized, joint recommendations: "The Harrogate Criteria". The survey described here evaluated an existing liberal policy for skull radiography (and a loose policy for admissions) against these recommendations, and it was concluded that the number of patients having skull radiography (74% of head injury attenders) was excessive. Measured against the "Harrogate Criteria", requests for 36% of the adult and 47% of children's skull radiographs did not fulfil these criteria. As a corollary, it was also concluded that loose admissions policies could usefully be altered to comply more closely with the Harrogate recommendations. This would not necessarily reduce the numbers admitted, but would provide casualty officers with a framework on which to base this crucial aspect of clinical decision making, where presently there is often very little structure at all. The authors suggest that all the options have not been fully explored, and that a simple but important alteration to the Harrogate guidelines would provide an even closer link between policy on skull radiography and patient admission. Specifically, most patients who are to be admitted do not need skull radiographs.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Limitations of panoramic radiography in the detection of bone defects in the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus: an experimental study.

Some lesions in the maxillary sinus may be adequately detected by panoramic radiography. The present study was designed to evaluate the ability of panoramic radiography in detecting experimental bony defects in the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus by comparison with Waters' projection and CT. Bony defects in the mediosuperior and medioinferior regions of the posterior wall were readily detected by panoramic radiography, but those in the laterosuperior or centre were not. It is concluded that there are limitations to the detection of bony defects in the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus by panoramic radiography alone. It is recommended that this technique should not be used for the detection of small osteolytic lesions in the maxillary sinus.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗