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Results for “Psychophysiologic Disorders”

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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Contacts of suicidal neurotic and prepsychotic/psychotic patients and their significant others with public care institutions before the suicide attempt.

Interviews were conducted with 21 patients classified as neurotic or prepsychotic/psychotic, consecutively admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) owing to suicide attempts by means of drug intoxication, with their 37 significant others and with care personnel concerning the patients' contacts with psychiatric, somatic or social care institutions before their suicide attempts. Nineteen patients came into contact with public care institutions between 1 and 6 months before attempting suicide; of these, 11 had contacts with psychiatric departments. Nine patients--chiefly those who were prepsychotic/psychotic--were in contact with public care institutions during the last 7 days before attempting suicide; of these, six had contacts with psychiatric departments. The neurotic patients' suicidal thoughts were seldom expressed in the contacts with care personnel, who consequently seldom noticed their suicidal tendencies. Contacts served to alleviate and lend structure to the patients' anxiety, promoted the mobilisation of their defences and temporarily concealed their hopelessness, depression and suicidal impulses. The personnel misinterpreted the patients' defences and considered the patients to be non-suicidal, capable and even strong. The prepsychotic/psychotic patients usually expressed suicidal thoughts in the form of indirect, non-verbal suicidal communication which was difficult to understand: it was recognised as such by their regular therapists, but seldom by staff who were unfamiliar with the patients. Consequently, suicidal risks were usually not recognised in emergency situations. The reasons why none of the significant others sought contact with public care institutions are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Working ability of mentally ill people in times of social crisis.

In Yugoslavia a special commission evaluates the working abilities of insured ill people. In the last 14 years the number of people referred to this commission has increased. For people assessed as being unable to work the most frequent diagnoses have been psychiatric and cardiovascular diseases. All individual requests for retirement on partial or full pension based on mental disorder (n = 1563) made in 1982 in Bosna and Herzegovina were studied. People who were awarded pensions were also followed up. The results obtained indicated that the willingness to retire is widespread among insured people, quite often regardless of the actual impairment of their working abilities. Data are interpreted in the light of the severe socioeconomic crisis Yugoslavia has been experiencing through the last decade.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Patients in child and adolescent psychiatric care: psychopathology and background factors.

All 142 consecutive patients born between January 1, 1947 and February 28, 1949 who were cared for at the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at General Hospital in Uppsala are described. The patients' symptoms, family situation, early development, CNS dysfunction and social situation are presented. The negative factors were numerous: 78% of patients had some form of family affliction, 60% had minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) factors which, while not associated with a clinical diagnosis of MBD, included hyperactivity, motor handicap, reading and writing difficulties, poor fine muscle activity and pathological EEG, and 58% had negative factors in their home environment. The majority were judged as having been subjected to negative parental attitudes. When psychotic symptoms were present, there was a high prevalence of psychotic illness in the family. A negative social situation in the home environment was most common for maladjusted patients. The presence of MBD factors was associated with disturbances in the child's early development. Nevertheless, many background factors continually affected one another and contributed to the mental disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A longitudinal study of mental health problems in a suburban population in Sudan.

A psychiatric study of 197 children living in villages outside Khartoum was made in 1964-1965. In 1983, 104 randomly chosen subjects were investigated again. All were interviewed by a psychiatrist and somatically examined. The overall psychiatric impairment was 14% (males, 18%; females, 8%) according to the psychiatric interview; the Self-rating Questionnaire gave a higher figure (28%). The rate of somatic illness was similar: 14% according to the medical doctor, 22% according to the self-rating of the subjects. Childhood data predicted 17% of the variance in adult mental health. Somatic state of health in childhood and traditional type of work by the father were the most important variables. Data from the life situation of the individual explained 67% of the variance in adult mental health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Psychosocial factors and physical health during the first year of life. Children in a new Stockholm suburb. A prospective longitudinal study. III.

The study is part of a longitudinal research project of a cohort of 501 children in a Stockholm suburb. The aim of the project is to clarify the relation between the children's health and development and their home environment. The present work deals with the children's physical health during their first year of life and comparisons were made between infants in families suffering or not suffering from psychosocial stress. Indications of psychosocial stress in the homes include reports of alcohol abuse, mental disease or criminality in one or both of the parents. Judging by reports from child welfare centres and hospital records, children from homes with psychosocial stress do not have a higher rate of somatic illnesses, retarded psychomotor development and psychosomatic problems than the control children.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Correlates of illness susceptibility.

Previous research has indicated that congitive-emotional factors, psychosocial stress, and systemic activity play a role in the contraction and course of numerous diseases. The present study investigated the relative contributions of these variables. Fifty-five male undergraduates were given questionnaires assessing general emotionality, and psychosocial stress and illness history over a four-year period. Autonomic indices of pulse rate, respiration, peripheral circulation, and skin resistance were also obtained under conditions of rest and stress (threat of electric shock). Using number of past illnesses as the dependent variable, a stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed. Only amount of psychosocial stress and, related to it, number of different kinds of psychosocial stress yielded significant partial correlations. Results are discussed in relation to other research, with emphasis on the conceptual and methodological difficulties of assessing psychophysiological mediators of morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Existential-behaviour therapy: a possible paradigm?

A comparative discussion is presented of existential and behavioural psychotherapy, indicating where behavioural theory, empirical research and single case studies can be related to the existential emphasis on phenomenology and personal confrontation with death, freedom, isolation and meaninglessness. The conclusions are that: more recent emphasis on cognitive variables in behaviour therapy has brought the two conceptual systems closer together; and there is improvement in the understanding of aetiology and clinical effectiveness when the therapist incorporates existential-behavioural constructs and methods of working.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1975

Personality in frozen shoulder.

Fifty-six patients with frozen shoulder have had their personality profiles investigated by means of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire. Females showed significantly increased somatic anxiety compared with controls. It is suggested that this may be important both to aetiology and treatment. Males and females should be assessed separately in future studies of frozen shoulder.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Ophthalmic psychoneurosis: natural history.

The status of 18 patients presenting with ocular psychosomatic symptoms is reviewed 10 to 18 months after presentation. All the patients had been discharged after the examination and reassurance given at the initial interview. In 8 patients symptoms had completely ceased, but 10 patients retained their symptoms. Transitory, self-limiting symptoms were more commonly associated with anxiety and occurred in the younger patients. Persistent symptoms were more commonly associated with depression and occurred in the older patients. Pain of the eyes, face, and head is conspicuous in both groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Psychosomatic aspects in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy.

AIMS: Patients with central serous chorioretinopathy were tested for psychosomatic symptoms and social support at the onset of their ailments; their personality profiles were also tested. METHODS: 24 consecutive outpatients at the department of ophthalmology, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany, presenting with central serous chorioretinopathy filled in the following standardised questionnaires: Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL 90-R), Symptom List, Questionnaire on Social Support, and Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. RESULTS: The sample (n=24) included 22 male patients with an average age of 44.1 years. Three quarters of the patients have children and live with their families; three quarters are white collar workers or self employed; one quarter are skilled blue collar workers. 12 patients were suffering from the ailment for the first time; 12 patients were undergoing a relapse. Mean visus of the affected eye was 0.8. The Symptom List yielded an inconspicuous total score for psychosomatic symptoms. In the SCL 90-R, nine out of 24 patients (37%) evinced elevated psychic stress. The total value of the questionnaire on social support showed good social support. In the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, the patients showed heightened emotional instability and insecurity as well as flexibility and spontaneity. CONCLUSION: The sociodemographic data confirm that central serous chorioretinopathy is predominantly an ailment of middle aged, socially well integrated men. This study suggests elevated psychic stress a few weeks after the onset of the ailment. The personality factors in the patients with central serous chorioretinopathy found in this study have to be verified with other populations. These results did not clearly show that psychosocial factors have a definite role in the aetiology of central serous chorioretinopathy. In order to make any clear assertions about this matter, further longitudinal studies on the progression of psychosocial parameters with larger patient samples would be indispensable.

Adult↗