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PubMed2001

Proteomic approach to identify novel mitochondrial proteins in Arabidopsis.

An Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteome project was started for a comprehensive investigation of mitochondrial functions in plants. Mitochondria were prepared from Arabidopsis stems and leaves or from Arabidopsis suspension cell cultures, and the purity of the generated fractions was tested by the resolution of organellar protein complexes applying two-dimensional blue-native/N-[2-hydroxy-1,1-bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]glycine (Tricine) sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteome was analyzed by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/ Tricine sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 650 different proteins in a pI range of pH 3 to 10 were separated on single gels. Solubilization conditions, pH gradients for isoelectric focusing, and gel staining procedures were varied, and the number of separable proteins increased to about 800. Fifty-two protein spots were identified by immunoblotting, direct protein sequencing, and mass spectrometry. The characterized proteins cooperate in various processes, such as respiration, citric acid cycle, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, protection against O(2), mitochondrial assembly, molecular transport, and protein biosynthesis. More than 20% of the identified proteins were not described previously for plant mitochondria, indicating novel mitochondrial functions. The map of the Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteome should be useful for the analysis of knockout mutants concerning nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. Considerations of the total complexity of the Arabidopsis mitochondrial proteome are discussed. The data from this investigation will be made available at http://www.gartenbau.uni-hannover.de/genetik/AMPP.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2001

The Applied Nutrition Project of eastern Kenya--an initiative for reducing hunger and malnutrition.

Sustainable development is the only kind of development possible for help in the third world. Due to various historical, political, geographic and climatic conditions the divergence between those countries providing and those receiving help is so vast that donations of labor and/or money is simply not enough. Rather, communities have to be taught to support and develop themselves during the receipt of aid and especially after the help pulls out. It is our goal in this article to summarize one such "sustainable development" project. As volunteers for AMREF (African Medical and Research Foundation), we worked with the remarkable Makueni Applied Nutrition Project in eastern Kenya in the summer of 2001. Our job was to visit the various locations in this semi-arid and arid environment and to write a report on the situation of the diverse parts of the project. The Applied Nutrition Project (ANP) started in 1984 and serves as an excellent example of the significant help that can be provided to needy areas of the world with a multifaceted approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Approaches to managing volunteer marrow donor registry HLA data. Algorithms for directing donor center-initiated HLA-DR typing of selected donors.

The German bone marrow donor center (DKMS) hasrecruited over 732 500 donors during the first 9 years of its existence. Initially, donors were typed for HLA-A and B, and DR typing was only done on request for a patient-initiated search. In 1994, a project was started which led to the donor center-initiated DR typing (DCI-DRT) of >35,000 donors. These donors were selected by donor-specific criteria (age, sex, height and weight) and according to HLA-A and B phenotypes. The latter was done to avoid unnecessary DR typing of the most common A, B phenotypes With a follow up of >6 years, this strategy has led to a number of confirmatory typings (CT) (n=4588) and stem cell harvests (n=568), which is at least comparable to those ensuing after patient-initiated HLA-DR typing (126 000 DR typings, 8,213 CTs, 888 resulting in stem-cell donation). DCI-DRT seems to be a cost-effective strategy which may help to reduce search times and improve search outcome, and improve the overall efficiency of donor center operations

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Analysis of factors that influence the desire to use public health nursing visit and visiting nursing agencies' service].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to forecast the demand for public health nursing visit and visiting nursing agencies' service, and to obtain basic information on public policy after the Long-term Care Insurance Project Plan starts. METHOD: 8,940 randomly sampled subjects aged 65 and over, and 7,984 aged 64 and below, were selected for the surveys and mailed the questionnaire. A total of 5,775 aged 65 and over and 4,774 aged 64 and below responded to the questionnaire. RESULTS: 2,474 (42.8%) aged 65 and over and 1,643 (34.4%) aged 64 and below knew the name 'public health nursing visit', and the service provided, 1,635 (28.3%) aged 65 and over and 1,073 (22.5%) aged 64 and below, were aware of the visiting nursing agencies' service. The percentage of those who desired to use the service was significantly higher among the respondent aged 65 and over than among those aged 64 and below. It was also significantly higher among those who had already experienced the service previously. CONCLUSION: Awareness of the service and the number of those who use the visit will increase, as those aged 64 and below become more the elderly. We therefore can expect that service demand will increase in the future.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Starting with the hospice/palliative care project--the philosophy and the practice.

The goals of the palliative care is the maximizing of the quality of life of people with the chronic progressive illness, their families and those who care about them. The palliative care is characterized by the interdisciplinary and patient-centered approach which consists of five dimensions: the sphere of the biological, psycho-social and spiritual functioning centered on the patients life, and the others: the care for the family and care for ourselves concerned with the care for the caregivers. The authors describe the development of the palliative care in the last twenty years and stress the importance of the difficult but necessary balance-keeping between the philosophy, mission and the practical needs.

Forecasting↗
PubMed2003

Medicare launches financial incentive program to reward hospital quality care.

The pay-for-performance movement received a boost in July when Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson announced a new Medicare pilot project, which starts October 1, that will use financial incentives to encourage hospitals to provide high-quality care for 35 measures in five clinical areas.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Development of a freestanding health care facility.

The development of a freestanding ambulatory health care facility requires careful planning by the investors before starting the project. A corporate strategic plan should be developed well in advance of hiring a developer or acquiring property for the facility. This strategic plan will serve as a guide for all activities involved in the development and opening of the facility.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1992

[Bacteriologic and virologic hygienic studies on waste water ponds].

Many problems arise with the overflow of wastewater after heavy rainfalls. Therefore a research project was started to investigate the possibilities of biological treatment for such sporadically occurring sewage. In this paper a helophyte bed is compared with a simple wastewater pond regarding virological and bacteriological hygiene parameters. The number of coliphages is an evident indicator for enteroviruses and its enumeration can be done easily and safely. It is suggested that the kind of sewage treatment described here is not suitable for municipal wastewater but for domestic sewage in the countryside. Furthermore the quantification of coliphages should become a constant part of routine hygiene examination.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1992

An alternative model for surveillance of nosocomial infections.

A modified method of administration of surveillance N.I. was introduced in Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand. Head nurses from all wards were recruited to survey N.I. By education, supervision and encouragement, the efficiency in surveillance gradually rose. The attack rate of N.I. by this method was only 2 per cent in 1986 when the project was started. The rate rose to 5.3 per cent 2 years later. This model for surveillance shares the burden of the I.C.N. who are critically undermanned. The method was well accepted. Co-operation by medical personnel increased. This model is cost-effective and can be adopted by many hospitals in Thailand.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed2003

[Nationwide survey of municipality's maternal & child health promotion planning processes and consequent changes].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to offer insight into the revisions needed for promotion of Maternal and Child Health Promotion Plans in the coming years. METHODS: The maternal and child health promotion planning process and changes in maternal and child health services were surveyed by questionnaires to all municipalities in Japan. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were obtained from 2,362 municipalities (response rate: 72.6%) Replies from 2,202 municipalities, which had completed planning by March, 1998, were analyzed. Planning committees were established by 63.9% of municipalities, and working committees were set up in 55.4% of them. Members involved in the working committees were more limited when compared to the planning committees and only 9.3% of the committees had representatives from mothers. 37.5% of working committees held meetings more than 5 times. 56.0% of municipalities conducted hearings or questionnaire surveys of mothers and health personnel for assessment of maternal and child healthcare needs. Most prefectural public health centers provided statistical data for planning assistance. Public health center staff participated as planning members in 38.5% of municipalities, and a training program for the planning sponsored by health centers was utilized by 33.8% of municipalities. Only 18.3% of municipalities received support for explanation of the plans to the mayor and/or executive officers, only 12.1% received support for the management of the planning committees, and only 11.8% received support for needs analysis. Less than half of minicipalities conducted PR activities of the plans and progress management. A higher proportion conducted these activities in larger cities. After the planning process, 72.9% of municipalities started new projects according to the plans. However, 10.1% scrapped one or more projects. Changes in maternal and child healthcare services and promotion of coordination with other related organization were seen more in municipalities with a larger population. There were major differences found between prefectures with regards to the planning process, including the support from public health centers, and the effective use of plan reports, progress management, and changes in maternal and child healthcare services after the formulation of plans.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The family health and rural improvement program in Tari.

The Family Health and Rural Improvement Program (FHRIP) grew out of 25 years of research activity in Tari. Between 1995 and 2000 FHRIP assisted over 300 families in 20 communities in Tari to acquire a water supply, sanitation, nutritional gardens and small livestock, and provided health education. The program demonstrated that with appropriate assistance local people could improve their health and start small projects that promise real development in their communities. The extension of this experience is occurring under Community-Based Health Care in several highlands provinces. However, FHRIP had to overcome many internal and external obstacles, and more commitment from the public sector, together with long-term assistance from aid agencies, is required if such initiatives are to grow and flourish.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1992

[Health education and AIDS. A randomized controlled trial].

In 1987 a small health education research team in Montpellier became interested in AIDS prevention among high school students (15-19 years old). Studies at that time indicated that the majority of the youth were relatively well informed about AIDS, for example 99% of those questioned knew that the disease was transmitted by sexual intercourse or by the exchange of contaminated needles. Further studies indicated, however, that the young people did not feel that the subject concerned them personally--it was considered a problem like many others. The team decided therefore to design a programme which would involve the young people, and thus motivate them not only to question, but to look for answers and implicate themselves in the search for information. The programme design consisted in creating video workshops in selected high schools. Adults with different backgrounds were trained in video production and communication skills in order to develop sufficient staff for workshop supervision. A network of available specialists was recruited for consulting purposes and a specialized library which included audiovisual materials was created so that the young people would have sufficient resources available for their research. In order to incite the students to contemplate the subject of AIDS and all that it involves, a contest was held. The theme was simply, "AIDS" and the duration was the length of the 1988-89 school year. Eight workshops were created in eight different schools. The teams were created quite spontaneously and the dynamic of interrogation anticipated was realized. With the help of trained adult supervisors, each team started their project by designing a five minute video.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

[Clinical practice guidelines in Japan: toward their appropriate use and diffusion].

In Japan, the governmental report on health technology assessment in 1999 referred to the need to develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. The Ministry of Health and Welfare established priorities for the development of clinical practice guidelines, and started several projects. About 20 clinical practice guidelines are to be developed by 2004. However, what "guideline" means and how "guidelines" work are unclear because the word "guideline" is ambiguous in Japan. Although it is generally accepted that "directives are stronger than recommendations, which are stronger than guidelines" in the western countries, Japanese people do not usually recognize these distinctions and tend to regard guidelines as mandatory directives even in individual cases. Patients, consumers and legal professionals may overestimate the authority of clinical practice guidelines when they see them. What clinical practice guidelines are, or are not should be clarified appropriately. Autumn 2003, the Japan Council for Quality Health Care will open the information service that provides practice guidelines and related literature. This will be accessible to both healthcare professionals and the general public. Much remains to be done to bring other stakeholders to the table. All of Japanese society can, and needs to, participate in the process of developing a consensus on clinical practice guidelines.

Community Participation↗
PubMed2004

In-line river monitoring--new challenges and opportunities.

Water management becomes a complex issue when considering the large number of water-rights-of-use like drinking water production, recreation, receiving water, transport on and ecological quality of the water bodies. Recent changes in the legal requirements concerning water management on European scale (EC Water Framework Directive, 2000/60/EC) highlighted the need for appropriate means for monitoring water quality and exchange of water quality data. Indirect measurement of water quality using surrogate parameters (chemical and physical-chemical parameters) can be automated at a high accuracy level. This was shown over the past years by national and international research projects. In 2001 such a research project has started in Austria focusing on the installation and operation of a pilot water quality network, which is suitable for application at several points of interest of water management, i.e. sewer networks, wastewater treatment plants and receiving water bodies. The paper describes the operational problems and experiences of collecting data over a period of one year in the Danube River downstream of Vienna. The sensors are installed in situ, directly in the river, without any bypass system. The first evaluation of the measurements shows that the values are reliable and therefore applicable to further interpretations.

Austria↗
PubMed2005

The PICNIC Story.

This chapter describes how the Professionals and Citizens Network for Integrated Care (PICNIC) project was conducted in order to meet its objectives in preparing the regional healthcare providers to implement the next generation, comprehensive, user-friendly, secure healthcare network for patient centred care, and through it contribute to the de-fragmentation of the European market for health telematics. It describes the methodology followed in order to reach certain project results, starting from the selection of common documentation tools and methods, to the delivery of a new model for providing services, assessment plans, and a number of open source software components running on a number of diverse pilots throughout Europe in line with the overall PICNIC architecture.

Documentation↗
PubMed2005

[Secondary succession characteristics of vegetations on reclaimed land inside Chongming wetland seawall].

National reserve Chongming Dongtan wetland was designated as an important international wetland (ramsar site) in 2002. The area outside 98 seawalls is the core area of the reserve, while their inside is the experimental area. A wetland restoration project was started in June 2003, and a large pond behind the seawall was unwatered, which changed the soil condition and appeared drought and salinization. The vegetations presented typical secondary succession, and Aeluropus littoralis and Suaeda glauca invaded the area originally dominated by reed. From July 2003 to April 2004, the soil moisture content and salinity of 15 samples were determined, with the biomass, height, density, and coverage of each kind of vegetations measured. The results showed that the vegetation layout had become an obviously zonary distribution of Aeluropus littoralis-Aeluropus littoralis/Suaeda glauca-Suaeda glauca/Phragmites communis-Phragmites communis community. Suaeda glauca gradually extended to the reed area, and became the dominant species of the area, with an average biomass of 2003 415.4 g x m(-2) in autumn, and of 2004 391.53 g x m(-2) in spring. The biomass and height of Suaeda glauca increased, and its density was getting stable, suggesting that the plant had strong growth ability in drought area.

Biodiversity↗
PubMed1991

Collaborative research under the unification model.

The research role of the clinical nurse specialist is often the most difficult to implement. At the masters level, efforts are generally directed at utilization and evaluation of research more than design and implementation. Collaboration between several investigators, however, is an efficient and effective method of pooling the resources of a variety of researchers, allowing the actualization of all aspects of the research process. A collaborative effort to look at the clinical problem of fatigue was undertaken by a group of masters-prepared oncology nurses. Strategies for effective collaboration are outlined. Issues related to gaining group commitment and to delineating roles at the onset, voluntary participation, and timely communication are discussed. A realistic timetable and regular informal meetings helped to sustain the momentum of the study. All members were able to contribute a part of the completed project and to experience the professional and personal satisfaction of "owning" a research project from start to finish.

Humans↗