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PubMedDate not supplied

[Forensic medicine experiences with methadone substitution in the Geneva canton].

Methadone treatment for heroin addiction has followed three distinct periods in Geneva, Switzerland. The first period (1970-1979) corresponds to the beginning of the heroin addiction epidemic. Treatment was restricted to detoxification and did not succeed in reducing fatal overdoses. During the second period (1980-1989), methadone maintenance program was favoured but access to this program was limited. This period has brought a decrease of illegal heroin consumption and criminality but not of fatal overdoses. Finally, during the third period (since 1990), legislation was changed to allow easier access to methadone maintenance program. As a consequence there was a significant drop in lethal heroin overdoses and in deaths attributed to HIV.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1989

Female employment and fertility: further investigation of an ambivalent association.

"This study of the relationship between female employment and fertility is based on a survey of 1,000 ever-married women in Karachi, [Pakistan]. A distinct pattern of differentials in actual performance and in desired fertility is observed across working and non-working women.... Women in higher status occupations marry much later than and have half the completed family size of those women working in lower status occupations. The fertility of non-working women lies somewhere in between these two groups. Some reasons for the fertility differentials found are identified in variations in point of entry into the labour force relative to the stage in child-bearing, in expectations from sons in old age support, and in relative facility in seeking means of fertility control. Working women in higher status occupations also have better chances of their children surviving, whereas women in lower status occupations suffer a greater toll of child deaths."

Asia↗
PubMed1995

An economic analysis of pregnancy resolution in Virginia: specific as to race and residence.

This study analyses an economic model of pregnancy resolution; that is, a model of the choice by a pregnant woman to abort her fetus or carry it to term. This analysis, using an analytical model derived from the household utility framework, adds to previous research by presenting race- and residence-specific estimates of how individual characteristics, history of abortion, and the community-based factors determine women's choices of giving birth vs. aborting. The main data for estimating the model were drawn from the 1984 vital statistics of all induced abortions and live births in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The major findings indicate that low parental education, high maternal age, previous early abortions, and the availability of abortion providers all significantly reduce the probability of choosing the live birth option. Married status and the availability of family planning clinics significantly increase the probability of the live birth option. The findings also suggest that women's choices between abortion and live birth vary substantially with race (White vs. Black) and residential (urban vs. rural) location.

Abortion, Induced↗