Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Prednisone”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Prednisone improves chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy more than no treatment.

Of 40 patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), 28 completed a controlled three-month trial of prednisone. Prednisone was shown to cause a small but significant improvement over no treatment in scored neurological disability, some measures of computer-assisted sensory detection threshold, graded muscle strength, and some attributes of nerve conduction. No subset of patients was more likely than another to be responsive to prednisone; those with a progressive course were as likely to be responsive as recurrent cases. This finding provides further justification for classifying progressive with recurrent cases as CIDP and demonstrates that prednisone treatment should not be withheld from patients with progressive disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Prednisone and azathioprine for polymyositis: long-term followup.

Two groups of patients with polymyositis have been followed for approximately 3 years. One group was treated with prednisone alone and the other with prednisone plus azathioprine. Although the polymyositis of both groups has improved, no statistically significant difference was noted at the end of 3 months, as previously reported. Longer followup, however, has shown that the group given prednisone plus azathioprine has improved more with respect to functional disability; this group also requires less prednisone for disease control.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1991

Long-term preservation of renal function in patients with lupus nephritis receiving treatment that includes cyclophosphamide versus those treated with prednisone only.

The purpose of this study was to assess long-term preservation of renal function in 111 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and active glomerulonephritis who participated in a randomized treatment trial. Four different drug treatment programs, each of which allowed the use of low-dose oral prednisone in addition to the study drug(s), were compared with a regimen consisting solely of high-dose oral prednisone. Patients randomized to receive intravenous cyclophosphamide, oral cyclophosphamide, or oral azathioprine plus cyclophosphamide had significantly better preservation of renal function than did patients who were randomized to receive prednisone only. Results in the azathioprine group did not differ from those in the prednisone-only group. Cyclophosphamide appears to have long-term benefit in the delay or prevention of end-stage renal disease in patients with lupus nephritis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

The economic impact of treatment of severe lupus nephritis with prednisone and intravenous cyclophosphamide.

OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that outcomes are improved in patients with severe lupus nephritis treated with combined prednisone and intravenous cyclophosphamide, compared with those treated with prednisone alone. These findings motivated this analysis of the economic impact of the combined therapy. METHODS: The annual expected incidence of severe lupus nephritis in the year 1988 in the US was estimated to be 1,130. A hypothetical patient cohort of this size was used as the model for the present analysis; the costs of treatment with prednisone alone and with combined prednisone and intravenous cyclophosphamide were calculated and compared. The analysis took into account the expected rate of renal failure with each therapeutic approach, as well as age, sex, and the economic value of working years gained. RESULTS: Although the treatment costs are higher for the combination therapy, the analysis revealed overall savings due to a reduced need for kidney dialysis or transplantation, and the economic value of working capacity gained. Savings attributable to patient care costs were $50.8 million; those attributable to working capacity gained were $42.3 million. CONCLUSION: This analysis indicates that over a 10-year period, as much as $93.1 million per annual cohort is saved by the use of combination therapy for the treatment of severe lupus nephritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

An analysis of forty-two Wegener's granulomatosis patients treated with methotrexate and prednisone.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of low-dose methotrexate (MTX) plus prednisone in the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). METHODS: An open-label study of weekly low-dose MTX plus prednisone for the treatment of WG was performed. Forty-two patients who did not have immediately life-threatening disease were enrolled into the study. Outcome was determined by clinical characteristics and pathologic, laboratory, and radiographic findings. RESULTS: Weekly administration of MTX and prednisone resulted in remission of disease in 30 of the 42 patients (71%). The median time to remission was 4.2 months. The estimated median time to relapse for all patients in whom remission was achieved was 29 months. Eight patients who had relapses were treated with a second course of MTX plus prednisone, and a second remission was induced in 6 of the 8 (75%). CONCLUSION: Weekly low-dose MTX was shown in this study to be an acceptable alternative form of therapy for selected patients with WG who do not have immediately life-threatening disease or who have developed serious cyclophosphamide-associated toxicity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia: associations with prednisone, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy.

OBJECTIVE: Pneumonia is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to determine the rate and predictors of hospitalization for pneumonia and the extent to which specific RA treatments increase pneumonia risk. METHODS: RA patients (n = 16,788) were assessed semiannually for 3.5 years. Pneumonia was confirmed by medical records or detailed patient interview. Covariates included RA severity measures, diabetes, pulmonary disease, and myocardial infarction. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the multivariable risk associated with RA treatments. RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates, prednisone use increased the risk of pneumonia hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] 1.7 [95% confidence interval 1.5-2.0]), including a dose-related increase in risk (< or = 5 mg/day HR 1.4 [95% confidence interval 1.1-1.6], > 5-10 mg/day HR 2.1 [95% confidence interval 1.7-2.7], > 10 mg/day HR 2.3 [95% confidence interval 1.6-3.2]). Leflunomide also increased the risk (HR 1.2 [95% confidence interval 1.0-1.5]). HRs for etanercept (0.8 [95% confidence interval 0.6-110]) and sulfasalazine (0.7 [95% confidence interval 0.5-1.0]) did not reflect an increased risk of pneumonia. HRs for infliximab, adalimumab, and methotrexate were not significantly different from zero. CONCLUSION: There is a dose-related relationship between prednisone use and pneumonia risk in RA. No increase in risk was found for anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy or methotrexate. These data call into question the belief that low-dose prednisone is safe. Because corticosteroid use is common in RA, the results of this study suggest that prednisone exposure may have important public health consequences.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Somatostatin analogs and prednisone in advanced refractory thymic tumors.

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic options to cure advanced, recurrent, and metastatic thymic tumors are limited. Evidence of a high uptake of indium-labeled octreotide ((111)In-DTPA-D-Phe(1)-octreotide) in thymic tumors and the curative application of somatostatin analogs and prednisone in one patient with thymoma and pure red cell aplasia led the authors to start a Phase II study. METHODS: Sixteen patients with advanced thymic tumors, unresponsive to conventional chemotherapeutic regimens, were enrolled in the study. The schedule includes administration of somatostatin analog octreotide (1.5 mg/day subcutaneously) associated with prednisone (0.6 mg/kg/day orally for 3 months, 0.2 mg/kg/day orally during follow-up). In 8 cases, octreotide was replaced by the long-acting analog lanreotide (30 mg/every 14 days intramuscolarly). Treatment was prolonged until progression of disease was documented. Overall response rate, survival, progression free survival, and toxicity were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall response rate among 16 evaluable patients was 37%. One patient (6%) had a complete response, 5 (31%) had a partial response, 6 obtained a stabilization of disease, and 4 progressed during the treatment. After a median follow-up of 43 months, the median survival was 15 months, and median time to progression was 14 months. Treatment was generally well tolerated with acceptable toxicity: cholelithiasis (1 patient), Grade 2 cushingoid appearance (3 patients), Grade 1 diarrhea (5 patients), Grade 2 hyperglycemia (3 patients). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with somatostatin analogs and prednisone has shown efficacy in patients with recurrent and metastatic malignant thymic tumors refractory to standard therapeutic options. The results obtained are very satisfactory given the lack of effective alternative treatments. Such therapy is not burdened by the same toxicity of chemotherapy; thus, it can be administered to heavily pretreated patients. Somatostatin analogs and prednisone are well tolerated, and the long-acting analog lanreotide, which requires fewer injections, improves patients' compliance.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Response rate and survival in myeloma patients receiving prednisone alone.

Thirty-two evaluable good risk patients with multiple myeloma received a 70-day tapering course of prednisone beginning at a dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day. Forty-four percent of the patients demonstrated objective evidence of response to this treatment. Although the median time to disease progression for the prednisone-treated group was shorter than for patients randomized to receive prednisone with alkylating agents or who were treated with alkylating agent alone, the results from this trial indicate that prednisone, by itself, may produce objective responses. Caution must be used interpreting trials of new agents in myeloma when such treatments are combined with corticosteroid administration.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Lower incidence of meningeal leukemia when prednisone is replaced by dexamethasone in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia.

In 1971, Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) mounted a study of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) that compared the effects of the two steroid hormones dexamethasone and prednisone. Six-hundred-forty-six children and adolescents with ALL were randomized to receive either prednisone or dexamethasone as part of their remission induction therapy. The 493 evaluable patients who achieved complete remission received the same steroid as pulses throughout remission. Specific central nervous system (CNS) therapy was randomized to either six injections of intrathecal methotrexate (IT MTX) alone or to six injections of IT MTX with cranial radiation (2,400 cGy). Both cranial radiation and dexamethasone offered increased protection against CNS relapse as the first site of failure over IT MTX alone. There were 30 CNS relapses among 238 patients (12.6%) receiving cranial radiation plus IT MTX, whereas there were 70 CNS relapses among 225 (P less than 0.001) (22.5%) in those who received IT MTX alone. Similarly, there were 33 CNS relapses among 231 (14.3%) children treated with dexamethasone, whereas there were 67 CNS relapses among 262 (25.6%) treated with prednisone (P = 0.017). Both steroids appeared equal in protecting the bone marrow. Recent national studies have shown significant improvements in preventing CNS relapse over the results in the present report. However, this finding warrants further investigation and, with further documentation, could lead to the substitution of prednisone by dexamethasone to aid further in preventing CNS relapse. This may be particularly important in patients at higher risk for CNS relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effects of prednisone in canine muscular dystrophy.

Glucocorticoid use may provide short-term functional improvement in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We report functional and histopathologic changes following a 4-month course of daily oral prednisone in a canine model of DMD, termed golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD). Muscle extension forces in GRMD dogs treated daily with 1 and 2 mg/kg prednisone measured 2.349 +/- 0.92 and 3.486 +/- 0.67 N/kg, respectively, compared to 1.927 +/- 0.63 N/kg in untreated GRMD controls (p < 0.05 for 2 mg/kg group); GRMD muscle flexion forces measured 0.435 +/- 0.13 and 0.303 +/- 0.08 N/kg, respectively, compared to 0.527 +/- 0.01 N/kg in untreated GRMD controls (p < 0.05 for both groups). Although cranial sartorius hypertrophy and tibiotarsal joint angles also tended to improve, myofiber calcification increased and fetal myosin expression decreased following prednisone. Thus, functional data indicate benefit but histopathologic changes following prednisone treatment in GRMD suggest possible deleterious consequences.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Pharmacodynamic modelling of the drug-induced downregulation of a beta 2-adrenoceptor mediated response and lack of restoration of receptor function after a single high dose of prednisone.

Changes in beta 2-adrenoceptor function by chronic dosing of beta 2-mimetics and the possible influence of a single dose of prednisone have been studied as changes over time in the concentration-effect relationship of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline. Hypokalaemia was used as the specific beta 2-adrenoceptor mediated effect. 8 healthy volunteers were given subcutaneous terbutaline 0.01 mg.kg-1 BW on 3 occasions over a 10-day experimental protocol: 1 Control experiment on Day 1; 2 After 7 days of oral terbutaline 5 mg t.i.d. (Day 8); and 3 After 8 days on oral terbutaline and 12 h after prednisone 100 mg orally (Day 10). The time course of the terbutaline concentrations and hypokalaemia was related using a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. A sigmoid and a threshold Emax model were used to relate drug concentrations to effects. The oral terbutaline treatment caused a 35% increase in the distribution volume of SC terbutaline. After one week on oral terbutaline the concentration-effect relationship was shifted to the right and was steeper, with a higher EC50 of terbutaline and higher values for the apparent threshold concentration. These observations are compatible with a decrease in receptor numbers after 7 days of terbutaline in a system characterised by the presence of spare receptors. The data after prednisone pretreatment showed an apparent decline in the baseline plasma potassium concentrations that could be included in the Emax model. There was no change in the concentration-effect relationship 12 hours after prednisone.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1995

Acute effects of deflazacort and prednisone on rates of mineralization and bone formation.

The aims of this study were to determine (1) whether acute suppression of bone formation could be evaluated after the administration of corticosteroids in man by quantitative bone histomorphometry; and (2) whether there were significant differences between the effects of prednisone and its analog deflazacort. Thirteen patients who needed high-dose corticosteroid therapy were randomly allocated to two groups of treatment (prednisone or deflazacort). Quantitative bone histomorphometry, using the technique of triple labeling, and biochemical measurements of bone turnover were studied. There were no differences in biochemical indices of bone turnover between prednisone and deflazacort at the beginning and end of the 15 days of treatment course. During corticosteroid treatment, there were no significant changes in biochemical indices of bone turnover but a significant decline in total alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.01). Histomorphometric indices, as revealed by measurements of tetracycline interval and extent of labeling, showed no significant differences in either mineral apposition rate or bone formation rate in the two groups. We conclude that the acute glucocorticoid suppression of bone turnover by glucocorticoids is not detectable within the first 2 weeks of treatment by histomorphometric techniques. No differences in bone effects of prednisone and deflazacort were detected in this short-term study.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Prednisone inhibits formation of cortical bone in sham-operated and ovariectomized female rats.

Prednisone inhibits bone formation and causes bone loss. To investigate possible mechanisms and sites, the effects of sham operation, ovariectomy, and prednisone were determined on bone and mineral metabolism in 7-week-old growing female rats. Forty animals were divided into groups of 10 each. Sham operation and ovariectomy were performed. One week later, pellets containing 5 mg prednisone or drug free were implanted S.C. at the back of the neck. Four weeks later, animals were sacrificed and tibiae were removed for histomorphometric analysis of the middiaphysis and proximal metaphysis. In both sham-operated and ovariectomized rats, prednisone (1) reduced weight gain (P < 0.02) and did not alter uterine weight; (2) lowered serum magnesium (Mg) (P < 0.001) and did not change serum calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]; (3) produced striking increases in calcified cartilage, reduced cross-sectional area (P < 0.05) and cortical area (P < 0.01) and did not change medullary area of the tibial diaphysis; (4) lowered periosteal and endocortical bone formation and apposition rates; and (5) increased mean cancellous bone area (P < 0.05) and cancellous bone perimeter (P < 0.01) of the tibial metaphysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Plasma cholinesterase activity in patients during therapy with dexamethasone or prednisone.

We have studied the effects of i.v. dexamethasone and oral prednisone on plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity in 13 male and 10 female patients during long-term treatment with dexamethasone or prednisone. A decrease in ChE activity--probably due to inhibition of ChE synthesis in the liver--was seen in all the patients. In individual patients there was a drop in enzyme activity of 14-57% (dexamethasone) and 23-69% (prednisone) respectively, compared with individual control values. After withdrawal of dexamethasone, ChE activity in most cases increased to above control values and the period necessary for complete restoration of ChE activity was variable (between 25-70 days). Our results suggest that the decrease in ChE activity in patients treated with dexamethasone or prednisone depends on the initial dose of the drug as well as on the duration of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Rapid effectiveness of prednisone and thionamides combined therapy in severe amiodarone iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis. Comparison of two groups of patients with apparently normal thyroid glands.

Treatment of amiodarone iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis is often unsuccessful. Nevertheless, severe forms require a rapidly efficient therapy. Twelve patients with severe amiodarone iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis, as demonstrated on clinical and biological findings, were studied. After amiodarone withdrawal, 6 patients (group A) were treated with thionamides alone (carbimazole 60 mg daily and benzylthiouracile 1.5 g daily), and 6 patients (group B) received in addition to the same antithyroid drugs prednisone, 0.50 to 1.25 mg/kg/day for 40 days; in group A, T4 levels did not change over the study period of 40 days; T3 levels decreased only after 30 days; clinical status did not improve. In group B: T3 and T4 levels decreased dramatically at 10 days of treatment, to values significantly lower than in group A; clinical improvement occurred mainly in patients treated with high doses of prednisone; elevated thyroglobulin levels diminished rapidly. Improvement was maintained after cessation of prednisone. The rapid effect of prednisone suggests an impairement of proteolysis of thyroglobulin possibly due to a lysosomal action.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous methylprednisolone and oral prednisone in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the acute phase and in remission.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of inflammatory bowel disease on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous methylprednisolone and prednisolone (after oral administration of prednisone). PATIENTS: Twelve children with inflammatory bowel disease, aged 12.3 years were studied during the active phase and in remission. In 6 patients the disease responded to oral prednisone while 6 did not respond. METHODS: During the acute phase, intravenous methylprednisolone (2 mg x kg(-1)) and oral prednisone (2 mg x kg(-1)) were administered in a random order and blood was sampled over 48 h. Prednisone (2 mg x kg(-1)) was readministered after remission. The concentrations of methylprednisolone and prednisolone were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS: During the acute phase, the systemic clearance of methylprednisolone was 0.98 (1 kg(-1) x h(-1)) and the elimination half-life was 1.67 h. The area under the plasma concentration-versus-time curve of prednisolone was 4.00 and 3.20 x mg x h x l(-1) respectively during the active disease and remission, while its elimination half-life was 3.51 h during the acute phase and 2.42 h in remission. There were no pharmacokinetic differences between the patients who responded or did not respond to oral treatment. CONCLUSION: In children with inflammatory bowel disease, the initial response to corticosteroid therapy was not influenced by the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone and methylprednisolone. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone was not modified by the inflammatory syndrome.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1999

Therapy of prednisone-refractory collagenous colitis with budesonide.

Collagenous colitis is a rare cause of chronic watery diarrhea. No effective standard treatment has yet been established. Based upon anecdotal reports some anti-inflammatory and symptomatic drugs seem to have some therapeutic efficacy. Prednisone is widely believed to be the most effective treatment. Here we describe three female patients with histologically confirmed collagenous colitis refractory to therapy with prednisone. Each had received prednisone with a high starting bolus and lower dose maintenance therapy for their disease. However, definite clinical remission could not be achieved. After the administration of 3 x 3 mg/day controlled ileal release (CIR) capsules of budesonide the symptoms resolved immediately. The mean follow-up after beginning budesonide was 11 months (range 7-18). Two patients are still on budesonide. One had had a quick relapse of diarrhea after stopping her treatment. Budesonide therapy was therefore resumed. She has remained symptom-free on a lower daily dose of 2 x 3 mg/day budesonide. One patient has been in remission for more than 1 year after a 3-month course of budesonide. Budesonide is a topically acting steroid with rapid absorption, high receptor affinity, and low systemic bioavailability, thus causing almost no side effects. As yet only few case reports have been published on the use of budesonide for collagenous colitis. We present here the first three cases of prednisone refractory collagenous colitis successfully treated with budesonide.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Prednisone does not prevent recurrent fetal death in women with antiphospholipid antibody.

Effects of therapy, antibody titer, and pregnancy history on pregnancy outcome were evaluated in pregnancies of women with antiphospholipid antibody. Prior fetal death and a high antiphospholipid antibody titer (greater than 40 IgG phospholipid units) contributed independently, in an additive manner, to current fetal loss. Twenty-one pregnancies occurred in asymptomatic women who had both prior fetal death and a high IgG antiphospholipid antibody titer. In this very high-risk group, 9 of 11 (82%) of pregnancies treated with prednisone, 10 to 60 mg/day, ended in fetal death, compared with 5 of 10 (50%) not treated with prednisone (p approximately 0.01, life-table analysis). Of pregnancies treated with aspirin, 80 mg/day, 9 of 14 (64%) treated and 5 of 7 (71%) not treated with prednisone had a fetal death (difference not significant). Prednisone does not improve, and may worsen, current fetal outcome in asymptomatic pregnant women with a high antiphospholipid antibody titer and prior fetal death.

Aspirin↗