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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Importance of diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of cystic brain tumors and intracerebral abscesses.

OBJECTIVE: It is often difficult to decide whether a cystic brain lesion is a tumor or an abscess by means of conventional MRI techniques. The immediate diagnosis of a brain abscess is important for the patient's outcome. Our goal was to study the ability of diffusion-weighted imaging and calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to differentiate between these two pathologies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten patients (five men, five women) with cystic brain lesions were examined with MRI. The ADC maps were calculated for each subject and the ADC value of each lesion was measured. Histology revealed glioblastoma multiforme in six patients and abscess in four patients. RESULTS: All brain abscesses showed markedly hyperintense signal changes on diffusion-weighted imaging, whereas the appearance of glioblastoma varied from slightly hyperintense to hypointense signal conversion. The mean ADC value calculated in the six patients with cystic brain tumor was: 2.05 x 10 (-3) mm(2)/s (1.38-2.88 x 10 (-3) mm(2)/s). The mean ADC value of the four patients with brain abscess was: 0.57 x 10 (-3) mm(2)/s (0.38-0.77 x 10 (-3) mm(2)/s). CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted imaging and calculation of ADC maps constitute a helpful tool to differentiate between cystic brain tumors and brain abscesses.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Non-puerperal mastitis. Etiology, clinical aspects and therapy].

Non-puerperal mastitis was diagnosed in 79 patients (aged 12-77 years) over the years 1974-1984. Malignant neoplasm was not present. Bacterial infection in the region of the areola was the most frequent finding (40%), followed by abacterial inflammation without involvement of the nipples (29%). The other cases, bacterial or nonbacterial, occurred at different sites. The histological picture or clinical features of an increased secretory activity of the mammary gland (galactorrhoea, mastodynia) in addition to the mastitis was noted in 54 women. Causative organisms were proven in 53% of cases: Staph. aureus (41%) and coagulase-negative staphylococcus (41%), or anaerobic organisms (11%). Physical measures, antibiotics and bromocriptine were used as treatment. At the onset of treatment abscesses were already present or developed in 34 instances. In 28 cases one to six recurrences set in after the end of the treatment period. In 22 patients treated with bromocriptine prophylactically there were only two recurrences. In the majority of patients an increased alveolar secretion was important in the pathogenesis of the bacterial or abacterial inflammation. Prolactin-lowering treatment seems reasonable by itself in cases of abacterial mastitis, or in combination with antibiotics in bacterial mastitis. Recurrences can be prevented by long-term lowering of the peripheral prolactin level.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Polymicrobial etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease.

We studied 204 women with acute pelvic inflammatory disease to delineate further the causes of that illness. Gonococci were recovered from 91. Gonococcal pili antibody rose or fell significantly in 12 of 18 patients with positive cultures and only two of 19 who had negative cultures and smears for Neisseria gonorrhaoea(P smaller than 0.005). N. gonorrhoeae was found in peritoneal exudate from eight of 21 patients with, and none of 33 without, cervical gonococcal infection. Among patients with severe disease, other bacteria were recovered from peritoneal exudates from five of 16 with, and 19 of 22 without, cervical gonococcal infection (P smaller than 0.025). Mixed anaerobic and aerobic bacterial peritoneal infection was common in nongonococcal pelvic disease. The most common species recovered were Bacteroides fragilis, peptostreptococci, and peptococci. Tuboperitoneal gonococcal infection probably causes pelvic inflammatory disease in most patients with cervical gonococcal infection, whereas polymicrobial tuboperitoneal infection probably causes most nongonococcal cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Modified ligands to FA and FB in photosystem I. I. Structural constraints for the formation of iron-sulfur clusters in free and rebound PsaC.

Cysteines 14, 21, 34, 51, or 58 in PsaC of photosystem I (PS I) were replaced with aspartic acid (C21D and C58D), serine (C14S, C34S, and C51S), and alanine (C14A, C34A, and C51A). When free in solution, the C34S and C34A holoproteins contained two S = 1/2 ground state [4Fe-4S] clusters; all other mutant proteins contained [3Fe-4S] clusters and [4Fe-4S] clusters; in addition, there was evidence in C14S, C51S, C14A, and C51A for high spin (S = 3/2) [4Fe-4S] clusters, presumably in the modified site. These findings are consistent with the assignment of C14, C21, C51, and C58, but not C34, as ligands to FA and FB. The [4Fe-4S] clusters in the unmodified sites in C14S, C51S, C14A, and C51A remained highly electronegative, with Em values ranging from -495 to -575 mV. The [3Fe-4S] clusters in the modified sites were driven 400 to 450 mV more oxidizing than the native [4Fe-4S] clusters, with Em values ranging from -98 mV to -171 mV. A C14D/C51D double mutant contains [3Fe-4S] and S = 1/2 [4Fe-4S] clusters, showing that the 3Cys.1Asp motif is also able to accommodate a low spin cubane. When C34S, C34A, C14S, C51S, C14A, and C51A were rebound to P700-FX cores, electron transfer to FA/FB was regained, but functional reconstitution has not yet been achieved for C21D, C58D, or C14D/C51D. These data imply that PsaC requires two iron-sulfur clusters to refold, one of which must be a cubane. Since two [4Fe-4S] clusters are found in all reconstituted PS I complexes, the presence of two cubanes in free PsaC may be a necessary precondition for binding to P700-FX cores.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1976

A bacteriological study of the intestinal mucosa and luminal fluid of adults with acute diarrhoea.

Bacteriological studies of jejunal mucosal biopsy specimens and contents were performed on 22 hospitalized adult patients with acute diarrhoea and 24 control normal subjects. None of the washed homogenates of the mucosal specimens were sterile and only one fluid specimen obtained from a control subject was sterile. A definite enteric pathogen was found in only five of the 22 diarrhoea patients. There was no qualitative difference in the bacterial profile of the jejunal mucosa and contents of the diarrhoea patients from that of the control subjects, but there were significant quantitative differences for some bacterial categories. In the control as well as diarrhoea subjects, there was no qualitative difference in the bacterial profile of the jejunal mucosa from that of the fluid, but there were significant quantitative differences for some bacterial categories. The significance of the findings is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Adaptation of an automated microbiology system for the growth of anaerobes and performance of antimicrobial susceptibility tests.

The authors examined the feasibility of growing anaerobes in an automated microbiology system (MS-2) and using the system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 78 of 100 clinical anaerobic isolates grew in the MS-2 if 100 microL of an undiluted overnight suspension of organisms was inoculated into at least 2.5 mL of freshly prepared Wilkins-Chalgren broth supplemented with 0.07% agar. Susceptibility test results were determined with 50 anaerobes tested against seven antibiotics in the MS-2 system and were compared with results determined with a qualitative reference susceptibility test method. of the 350 tests, 88% of the MS-2 results agreed with the qualitative reference results. False-susceptible and false-resistant results were reported for 8.6 and 3.4%, respectively, of the MS-2 results.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clindamycin: a review of fifteen years of experience.

Clindamycin, the 7(S)-chloro-7-deoxy derivative of lincomycin, has stood the test of time in the treatment of anaerobic infections. Clindamycin inhibits protein synthesis by acting on the 50S ribosomal subunits of bacteria. The colitis resulting from the use of clindamycin has been extensively studied and is now easily manageable. Although newer antibiotics active against anaerobes are available, clindamycin remains a reliable and well-tested antibiotic for use in anaerobic infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Susceptibility of Anaerobic bacteria to carbenicillin, cefoxitin, and related drugs.

The agar dilution technique was used for determination of the bacteriostatic activity of carbenicillin, penicillin G, cefazolin, cephaloridine, cefoxitin, and cephalothin agaomst a variety of anaerobic bacteria. Carbenicillin showed a high level of activity at a concentration of smaller than or equal to 100 mug/ml; only five of 123 strains of Bacteroides fragilis, one strain of Bifidobacterium eriksonii, and one strain of Clostridium bifermentans were resistant to a concentration of larger than or equal to 100 mug/ml. Cefoxitin, a beta-lactamase-resistant drug, was highly active against B. fragilis and most other anaerobes at a concentration of smaller than or equal to 32 mug/ml; the exceptions were one strain of Bacteroides species and 13 of 28 strains of Clostridium species. The other cephalosporins were less active against B. fragilis but exhibited good activity against most of the other strains tested. Bactericidal concentrations of cefoxitin and cephalothin were determined for 51 selected strains by the broth dilution technique, and the activities of these drugs were compared with those of two other drugs (clindamycin and metronidazole) known to be very active against anaerobes. Metronidazole wasthe most consistently bactericidal of the four drugs tested for this activity.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1977

Anaerobic bacteria in biliary disease in elderly patients.

Gallbladder bile from 52 elderly subjects who had undergone biliary tract surgery was examined for the presence of bacteria. Twelve patients had sterile bile, 18 specimens of bile yielded anaerobes as well as aerobes, and 22 yielded aerobic bacteria only. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated organism (30 strains). Bacteroides fragilis was the most frequently encountered anaerobic bacterium and was found in 15 patients. The Klebsiella-Enterobacter group was the second most commonly isolated group and B. fragilis was third. Clostridium perfringens was recovered in 10 specimens of bile. Anaerobic bacteria were recovered more frequently in patients with ductal obstruction. The relatively frequent isolation of anaerobes, especially of B. fragilis, in this study may be related to the anaerobic techniques used, to the age of the patients, and to the high incidence of pigment stones among the subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of clindamycin and chloramphenicol in treatment of serious infections of the female genital tract.

A study was performed of 102 obstetric-gynecologic patients who were thought to have sepsis or a pelvic abscess. Fifty-three of these women received chloramphenicol and 49 received clindamycin. In addition, all patients received penicillin or a similar antibiotic and an aminoglycoside. Similar clinical results were observed with the two treatment regimens. In eight of the 49 patients who received clindamycin and in three of 52 patients who received chloramphenicol, use of the drug was discontinued because of side effects. These combinations of antibiotics did not eliminate the necessity for major operative drainage, which was required in 40 patients. Resistant organisms were recovered from only two patients. Although sepsis and shock were most frequently associated with gram-negative aerobic bacteremia, they occurred in two patients in whom only anaerobes were recovered from blood cultures. Because the clinical results with the two regimens were equivalent, a decision to use either clindamycin or chloramphenicol should be based on the individual physician's assessment of the toxicity of these agents.

Abscess↗
PubMed1977

In vitro activity of five oral cephalosporins against anaerobic pathogenic bacteria.

The in vitro inhibitory activities of cefaclor and and cefatrizine, two new orally absorbed cephalosporin antibiotics, against 44 isolates of anaerobic pathogenic bacteria were measured using the agar dilution procedure of the World Health Organization-International Collaborative Study. Tests also were performed with cephalexin, cephaloglycin, and cephadrine, as well as with the parenteral cephamycin antibiotic cefoxitin. Cefoxitin was the most active antibiotic and inhibited the majority of isolates at a concentration of less than or equal to 4 microgram/ml. None of the oral cephalosporins was clearly superior against all of the anaerobic isolates; only cephadrine and cefatrizine appeared to have any potential clinical value.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1985

Comparative in-vitro activity of Sch 34343 for a wide spectrum of clinically significant anaerobic bacteria.

One hundred and fifty strains of anaerobic bacteria including 45 bacteroides, 19 fusobacteria, 41 cocci, 34 clostridia, and 11 Gram-positive non-sporeforming rods were tested by agar dilution for their susceptibilities to cefoxitin, cefuroxime, latamoxef (moxalactam), penicillin G, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, metronidazole and Sch 34343. Excluding the 34 clostridia, 115 of the 116 remaining strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 1 mg/l of Sch 34343. One isolate of Bacteroides fragilis required 32 mg/l for inhibition. All of the 34 clostridia were inhibited by less than or equal to 8 mg/l of Sch 34343: 14 isolates of Clostridium difficile had an MIC50 and an MIC90 of 4 mg/l, whereas the remaining 20 species of clostridia had an MIC50 of 0.125 mg/l and an MIC90 of 2 mg/l. On a weight basis, Sch 34343 was generally more active than any of the seven other antimicrobial agents tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Comparative in-vitro activity of Sch 34343 and other antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria.

The activity of Sch 34343 was determined against 575 strains of anaerobic bacteria by an agar-dilution method. Its activity was compared with that of benzylpenicillin, piperacillin, cefoxitin, imipenem, clindamycin, metronidazole, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, fusidic acid and bacitracin. Sch 34343 and imipenem were the most active agents tested. Based on these results, Sch 34343 appears to be a promising antimicrobial agent for anaerobic infections and warrants further clinical investigations.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗