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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Politics in health--the American experience.

By examining various trends of the hospital industry in the context of the American political and social system. Mr O'Leary comments on the expanding role of government in planning, financing and regulating health services in the US. As government has taken on a more powerful central role in American Health care, the hospital industry has become more active in the legislative and political arena. By activating physicians, boards, employees and the patient community to become more involved in the political process, hospitals have been able to have a stronger hand in shaping decisions which will affect the future health care delivery system in the States.

Australia↗
PubMed2001

On the biopsychosocial model: the example of political economic causes of diabetes in the Marshall Islands.

Biomedical reductionism, the unwritten theory underlying the practice of medicine, is being supplanted by the biopsychosocial model. The explanatory power of the biopsychosocial model, however, is hampered by an inadequate mechanism to account for the social production of disease. We examine diabetes in the Marshall Islands to explore a conceptual approach that incorporates ecology, history, and political economy into the biopsychosocial model. The use of the Marshall Islands by the United States as testing grounds for nuclear war has led to ecological destruction, population displacement, and economic dependency. The consequence at the biological level has been an epidemic of weight gain, altered metabolism, and diabetes. A political economic perspective reveals that such outcomes are the result of decisions made by those who do not live with these decisions. Such a perspective points the way for social engagement and political work toward justice and health.

Comorbidity↗
PubMed2001

Shaping the future of practice through political activity: how nurses can influence health care policy.

1. The scope of professional nursing practice obligates the individual nurse to make participation in public policy formulation part of their professional work. Helping to shape the health and welfare of our communities and the nation fulfills part of nursing's contract with America's citizens. 2. Nurses have valuable, special knowledge and skills which "fit" very well with political involvement and policy making activities. 3. Occupational and environmental health nurses have a special responsibility to influence public policies that affect America's work force by using the five Cs of political action to enable effective involvement. 4. Nursing's professional associations act as advocates for nursing's unique interests and causes. Nurses who join and become active in associations such as AAOHN and ANA are instrumental in protecting the profession of nursing and ensuring that health care issues are at the top of the political agenda at all government levels.

Health Policy↗
PubMed2002

[Differences between primary health care and health promotion from the aspects of population, diseases, and social-political structures].

Primary Health Care (PHC) and Health Promotion (HP) have been adopted as core health strategies for socio-political interventions. Although the two have a lot of similarities in terms of concepts, they, nevertheless, have their differences. The first difference lies in the population and diseases perspectives that PHC and HP are literally defined as just "health care" and "promotion of health", respectively. The second difference, from a social and political point of view, is that PHC can be expressed as social and political efforts to make health knowledge, health care skills and the entire health service delivery system respond to the people's needs and situations, while HP is a process in which individuals and their environment are geared toward the pursuit of healthy lifestyles. These differences strengthen the unique values of each strategy. HP, which is a form of social mobilization for health, is about catering to the needs of developing countries. On the other hand, the principle of PHC, which is beneficiary-oriented, is universally applicable for both developed and developing countries.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed2002

History of the body politic: French royal doctors, history, and the birth of a nation 1560-1634.

This article examines the role played by royal doctors in forming an empirical political science in France at the end of the sixteenth century. Bringing with them tools from the Galenic tradition, doctors such as Rodolphe Le Maistre, Abraham-Nicolas de La Framboisière, and Jean Héroard doubled as political counselors. They not only looked for ways to heal the king's body, they also looked for ways to heal and regulate the body of the nation. Their new vision of the monarch as a practicing physician of the state is an essential yet unknown facet of the origins of political modernity.

Famous Persons↗
PubMed2003

Politics and governance at the interface between water and development.

Water is not just a technical issue--it always has to be addressed within a complex political context. The water sector professional is generally unskilled in political processes, but political skill and awareness is needed to avoid negative politicization of water.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2003

Political assassins--the psychiatric perspective and beyond.

Three cases of highly publicized political assassinations, which occurred during the twentieth century, are described. In two of them (Tsafendas and Amir) a head of a state was assassinated. In both cases the second author (A.Z.) was involved in the psychiatric evaluation of the perpetrator. A third case, in which a head of state was badly wounded (Hinckley) is referred due to its overwhelming impact on public opinion and legislation. Few similarities are found between the perpetrators, who came from different cultures and acted in different eras. The psychiatric examination had a crucial role in the outcome of their trial. In spite of different milieus the forensic psychiatrist found himself amidst a highly charged event. There is no single common denominator characterizing the psychopathology of the political assassin. It is suggested that there is a spectrum of psychiatric diagnoses ranging from the psychotic perpetrator who targets the victim due to his intrapsychic delusional world, to the "sane" fanatic who chooses to commit an extreme act of violence in the service of a political goal. The criminal act, as well as the trial and the verdict bring in its wake a huge emotional public response. Consequently, theories of conspiracy as well as legislation initiatives are raised. The forensic psychiatrist should adhere to the sphere of his expertise, and it is for the court to decide upon the issues of responsibility and fitness to stand trial.

Forensic Psychiatry↗
PubMed2002

Trauma in war and political persecution: expanding the concept.

A contextual understanding of the concept of trauma is proposed through a study of its meaning in a Latin American context facing war and political repression. This article explores the contributions of narrative and liberation psychology to understanding politically based trauma. It critiques the relationship between the concept of trauma and the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. It analyzes how Colombian human rights activists make sense of the political persecution and trauma in their work. The author argues that the kind of experiences that these activists have endured go beyond the category of stress and can best be understood as traumatic within the context of the current medium-intensity war in Colombia.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

On risky ground: the water professional in politics.

Best practice in drainage basin management requires consultation and stakeholder engagement in the formulation and implementation of plans. The water management professional, engaging with the political world, is on risky ground, thanks to many stakeholders' accidental or chosen unwillingness to accept science-based advice. Technical specialists produce good advice, yet progress is inhibited because they do not connect effectively with politicians, administrators and managers. A series of short case studies from three countries in different but related fields provides evidence of the problems that are encountered. Professionals may be cut off from the political world within comfort zones defined by the cultural norms and behaviours of bureaucracy, their profession or their preferred communications style. The consequence of the professionals' lack of engagement in the political world can be that scarce money and effort is wasted on low priority issues, and the case for sound, sustainable environmental management is discredited. Stakeholder support is worth winning, because it can bring positive benefits in the effectiveness of environmental management programmes. Where outside help is needed to bring about this result, it should be provided by advisers who are sensitive to the culture, at the national, professional and organizational level, of the recipients.

Communication↗
PubMed2006

Burden of injury during the complex political emergency in northern Uganda.

BACKGROUND: War injury is a public health problem that warrants global attention. This study aims to determine the burden of injury during a complex emergency in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: To determine the magnitude, causes, distribution, risk factors and cumulative burden of injury in a population experiencing armed conflict in northern Uganda since 1986 and to evaluate the living conditions and access to care for injury victims, we took a multistage, stratified, random sampling from the Gulu district to determine the rates of injury from 1994 to 1999. The Gulu district is endemic for malaria, tuberculosis, HIV and malnutrition and has a high maternal death rate. It is 1 of 3 districts in northern Uganda affected by war since 1986. The study participants included 8595 people from 1475 households. Of these, 73.0% lived in temporary housing, 46.0% were internally displaced and 81.0% were under 35 years of age. Trained interviewers administered a 3-part household survey in the local language. Quantitative data on injury, household environment, health care and demography were analyzed. Qualitative data from part 3 of the survey will be reported elsewhere. A similar rural district (Mukono) not affected by war was used for comparison. We studied injury risk factors, mortality and disability rates, accumulated deaths, access to care and living conditions. RESULTS: Of the study population, 14% were injured annually: gunshot injuries were the leading cause of death. The annual death rate from war injury was 7.8/1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.0-8.5) and the disability rate was 11.3/1000 (95% CI 10.4-12.2). The annual excess injury mortality was 6.85/1000. Only 4.5% of the injured were combatants. Fifty percent of the injured received first aid, but only 13.0% of those who died reached hospital. The injury mortality in Gulu was 8.35-fold greater than that for Mukono. CONCLUSIONS: The crisis in Gulu can be considered a complex political emergency. Protracted conflicts should not be ignored because of a low rate of injury death since the cumulative total is high. Political emergencies should be monitored, and when the mortality exceeds 3.5%, international intervention is indicated. The international and national failings of this protracted conflict should be critically analyzed so that such political emergencies can be prevented or terminated.

Emergencies↗
PubMed2005

The ethics and politics of stem cell research.

INTRODUCTION: Because of the many ocular diseases that may benefit from genetic alteration, ophthalmology will be embroiled in the controversy over the ethics of stem cell research. In preparation for a major academic symposium at the Washington University School of Medicine, the direct and indirect effects of political efforts to determine whether this research should be funded were explored. METHODS: A symposium was held at Washington University School of Medicine sponsored by the Barnes-Jewish Hospital Medical Staff Association to discuss the scientific basis of stem cell research. The forces arrayed on either side of the argument are presented as well as the political context in which they are being played out. RESULTS: Two kinds of effects are expected from this controversy: direct effects on current and proposed research efforts from both within and outside the academic milieu and indirect effects on research funding from state and federal sources influenced by the political process. CONCLUSION: This report serves to document the efforts of one scientific community to deal with a legislative initiative to criminalize stem cell research for both the scientist and the patient. The process and interim conclusions may be instructive for those involved in this endeavor to recognize the dynamics of the interaction between society and science when ethical issues influence how decisions are made.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2005

[Today's meaning of classical authors of political thinking].

How can classical political authors be actualised? The question is asked in a discipline which is founded in old traditions: the political science. One of its great matters is the history of political ideas. Classic authors are treated in many books, but they are viewed in different perspectives; colleagues do not agree with shining and bad examples. For actualising classic we have to go a methodically reflected way: historic not historicistic, with sensibility for classic and christian norms without dogmatism or scepticism. Searching the permanent problems we try to translate the original concepts of the classic authors carefully in our time. For demonstrating our method of actualising, we choose the French classical author Montesquieu. His famous concept of division of powers is misunderstood as a "liberal" mechanism which works in itself in favour of freedom (such as Kant made work a "natural mechanism" in a people of devils in favour of their legality); in reality Montesquieu acknoledges that constitutional und organisational work cannot stabilise themselves but must be found in social character and in human virtues.

France↗
PubMed1991

[Adolescence and politics].

Both members of an "Adolescence"/"Politics" equation are analyzed. From the political point of view, epistemological difficulties underlying its praxis-linked to both linear causality, and Gabel's "morbid rationalism", are described. The way such difficulties are related to the social disease by means of an "institutional narcissism" is also described. It is the author's contention that an adolescent's possible choice is conditioned by its "political character" (according to Fromm's, and Adorno's use of such expression), and based on Merton's typology of responses to anomia. A "revolutionary character" is described as being the closest to Merton's "rebel" response, and--as regards a social health sense--is considered to be the healthiest possible response. Emphasis is placed on teachers' role to help both children and youths in their displacement from the authoritarian character to the revolutionary one in view of the latter's social importance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Misidentified political figures: an underappreciated danger.

A series of twelve patients is presented in which each patient suffered from one or more misidentification syndromes and also misidentified one or more political figures. The fact that misidentification syndromes have been associated with physical violence and that the majority of the patients studied had a history of physical violence suggests that these individuals could pose a significant danger of physical harm to others, including political figures. Persons who threaten political figures should be evaluated for misidentification syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Potentials in old age--also a political task].

Growth of potentials in the elderly can be promoted by political measures. It is an essential task for politicians to perceive the potentials in the elderly, support public initiatives for the elderly, and support maintenance of independency. Gerontological contributions important for politics for the elderly are discussed. Political measures are recommended.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Social, economic, and political forces affecting the future of occupational health nursing.

1. By monitoring the major social, economic, and political forces affecting health care, one can predict how these forces may impact the role of occupational health nurses. 2. Nursing can and must chart its own course in the midst of these social, economic, and political changes. 3. Changes which have major implications for occupational health nurses are: health care needs, cost containment, multi-hospital chains, alternative approaches to health care, the workplace, ethical concerns, biomedical technology, nursing shortage, and oversupply of physicians. 4. Nursing implications can also be drawn in the areas of autonomy, political skills, and education. Active involvement and a desire to shape professional change and the future of nursing are keys.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Politics of the aged: orientations and behavior in major liberal democracies.

Do the political outlook and electoral behavior of the elderly differ notably from that of younger adults in leading capitalist democracies? A cross-national examination of poll data suggests that on the whole they do not. Among the aged certain cross-national differences in rates of political participation beyond voting may be related to differences in national socio-political structures as well as differences in individual attributes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The economical and political consequences of generative behaviour (author's transl)].

Since safe contraceptives were developed the generative behaviour of man become the most important factor in economic, technological and political progress, previously only war, disease and epidemics were able to check the excess population pressure. The social and political conflicts were ameliorated through these means, temporarily. In the future the methods of contraception will reduce battles for power and priviledges to a human tolerable level. The emancipation of the society from the state appears promising since the development means the critical behaviour and distance from politics.

Birth Rate↗