Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PERIODONTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans recognized by patients with juvenile periodontitis and periodontally normal subjects.

Most juvenile periodontitis patients respond to infection by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans by producing serum antibodies. Specific antigens inducing the humoral immune response have not been identified, nor has the role of the resulting antibodies in disease progression been determined. Adsorbed and unadsorbed sera from juvenile periodontitis patients and normal subjects were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blots (immunoblots), using digested and undigested bacterial sonicates and French pressure cell fractions to determine the biochemical class, cross-reactivity, and cellular location of the antigens in different A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. Antigens detected by using high-titer sera included the following: (i) serotype-specific nonprotein material located on the cell surface, (ii) soluble-fraction proteins showing highly variable antibody binding, (iii) cross-reactive proteins, and (iv) a protein present in soluble and cell wall fractions and immunopositive for all sera tested. In addition, one apparently nonprotein component that was enriched in the cell wall fraction was observed. Sera with high immunoglobulin G titers to one, two, three, or none of the three A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes were observed. There was a high degree of variation from one patient to another in the humoral immune response to serotype-specific and cross-reactive antigens. As demonstrated by whole-cell adsorption experiments, the serotype-specific surface antigen accounted for approximately 72 to 90% of the total antibody-binding activity for sera with titers greater than 100-fold above background, while cross-reactive antigen accounted for less than 28%. Antibody binding the whole-cell sonicate for high-titer sera was inhibited 90% by lipopolysaccharide from the same serotype, strongly suggesting that lipopolysaccharide is the immunodominant antigen class.

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1998

Periodontal ligament cell culture on the hydrophobic substrate coated with proteins of periodontal ligament fibroblast-conditioned medium.

In regenerating periodontal ligament (PDL) around the root of an artificial tooth, an important role is played by some physiologically active substance that promotes adhesion of the cells to the surface of the tooth root and induces cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, the supernatant of the conditioned medium (CM) of dog periodontal ligament fibroblast (DPLF) was fractionated using an ion exchange chromatography-diethylaminoethyl (IEC-DEAE) column. DPLFs were cultured on hydrophobic dishes coated with each fraction. Cell proliferative activity and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, including electron microscopic features of the contact surface between the cells and the dish, were investigated. The DPLF-CM was separated by IEC-DEAE column into six fractions. Each fraction promoted an increase in DNA content and ALPase activity of the cultured DPLF, and especially remarkable were fractions 2 and 3. Fraction 2 at a molecular weight (Mw) of 210, 160, 85, 50 and 22 kD, and fraction 3 at Mw = 21 and 23 kD contained the type of proteins not found in other fractions. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that the cells in the coating group were in close contact with the surface of the dishes and that fine fibers protruding from the cell membrane clinged to the dishes. In the control group, a wide gap between the cells and the dishes was observed. These findings suggest that the DPLF-CM fractions contain specific physiological activating factors that induce proliferation and differentiation as well as cell adhesion of the DPLF cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2001

The periodontal-systemic connection: implications for treatment of patients with osteoporosis and periodontal disease.

Osteoporosis and osteopenia may influence periodontal disease and tooth loss. Medications such as hormone replacement therapy and nutritional supplements that are used to prevent or treat osteoporosis have been evaluated for beneficial effects on oral health in a small number of human studies. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which slows the rate of bone loss at skeletal sites such as the hip and spine, also appears to reduce the rate of alveolar bone loss in postmenopausal women. HRT use is consistently associated with greater tooth retention and a reduced likelihood of edentulism in studies of elderly women. The number of studies on the effects of calcium or vitamin D intake on oral outcomes is limited, but suggest that higher intake levels are associated with reduced prevalence of clinical attachment loss and lower risk of tooth loss. Data from a prospective study of oral health in men show a similar association between higher calcium intake and reduced alveolar bone loss. The number of teeth with progression of alveolar bone loss over a 7-year period was significantly lower among men whose calcium intake was at least 1,000 mg per day, compared to men with a calcium intake below this level. Future studies should confirm these findings and evaluate the oral effects of new medications for osteoporosis. If confirmed, the implications for dental professionals may include an expanded array of medications for the treatment of periodontal disease and a greater emphasis on nutrition education for patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Fibrinolytic activity in periodontal disease. The relationship between fibrinolytic activity and severity of periodontal disease.

IN RECENT YEARS, evidence has evolved that suggests a relationship between fibrinolytic phenomenon and various inflammatory diseases. Plasmin activity and the response of the fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products latex test (FDPL test) in gingival fluid, along with plasminogen activator activity in gingival tissue were assessed. Samples were taken from periodontally involved persons and compared with healthy individuals. The following conclusions could be drawn: (1) The fluid from inflamed gingival crevices possessed more plasmin activity than that from clinically healthy crevices. The reaction of the FDPL test was stronger in the former. (2) Plasminogen activator activity in gingival tissue showed no significant difference between periodontally involved and healthy subjects.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1983

The effect of a televised periodontal campaign on public periodontal awareness.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the impact of the Minnesota Dental Association's 1979 to 1980 periodontal awareness television campaign in terms of (1) reaching the target population, (2) improving public knowledge regarding the major reason for tooth loss in adults and (3) increasing intended future preventive dental visits. Based on the Health Belief Model, a 30-second television message was developed presenting periodontal disease as an often overlooked but compelling reason to seek preventive dental care. The message was aimed at adults 18 years of age and older who did not visit the dentist regularly. It was broadcast 1280 times over two separate 6-week periods on 17 statewide television stations. A postcampaign personal interview of a representative cross section of 1,000 Minnesota adults indicated that the campaign reached 79% of the population surveyed, or 786 individuals. Eighty-two percent (534) of the 654 individuals who made regular dental visits and 73% (252) of the 346 individuals who did not, indicated exposure to the message. Of the 786 persons who viewed the message, 90% (707) correctly recalled the message content. Seventy-five percent (488) of the 654 individuals who made regular dental visits and 63% (219) of the 346 individuals who did not, correctly recalled the message content. As a result of exposure to the television campaign, 10% (76) of the 786 viewers indicated their intention to make more preventive dental visits in the future. Among individuals stating such an intention were 10% (71) of the 707 viewers who correctly recalled the message and six percent (5) of the 79 viewers who were not able to correctly recall the message content.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Periodontal regenerative potential of autogenous periodontal ligament grafts in Class II furcation defects.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the regenerative potential of autogenous periodontal ligament (PDL) grafts in the treatment of Class II furcation defects. METHODS: Twenty mandibular Class II furcation defects from 10 systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis were selected. In experimental defects, flaps were coronally positioned following placing autogenous PDL grafts that were obtained from third molars; in controls, coronally advanced flap procedure without graft was applied. Clinical measurements including plaque index, gingival index, probing depth (PD), vertical and horizontal clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival recession (GR) were obtained at baseline and after 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Vertical and horizontal defect fill was evaluated with open clinical measurements at initial surgery and reentry after 6 months. Gingival biopsies from the experimental and control defects were obtained at reentry and evaluated histopathologically in order to examine the soft tissue response towards PDL grafts. RESULTS: Sites treated with PDL grafts demonstrated significant improvement in vertical and horizontal defect fill, PD, and CAL at 3 and 6 months compared to presurgical values. The difference determined for the PD values of both groups at a statistically significant degree in favor of grafted sites was maintained at all observation periods. No foreign body reaction was observed in PDL grafts. CONCLUSIONS: These short-term results point to the potential of PDL grafts in promoting healing of furcation lesions. This preliminary study suggests that the use of PDL grafts may have beneficial effects in the treatment of furcation defects.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Differential induction of human beta-defensin expression by periodontal commensals and pathogens in periodontal pocket epithelial cells.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the possible role of beta-defensins in gingival health and periodontal disease, we examined the effect of several stimuli on the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), human beta-defensin-1, -2, -3, and -4 (hBD) in primary human diseased gingival epithelial (HGE) cell cultures from periodontitis patients by quantitative TaqMan reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS: Several strains of the periodontopathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were added to the cells, as well as the oral commensal bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Escherichia coli. The induction by the proinflammatory stimuli phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was also tested. RESULTS: In addition to the published observations (PMA induces hBD-2 and -4; TNF-alpha induces hBD-2 and -3), it was found that PMA can upregulate hBD-1 and hBD-3, whereas TNF-alpha can induce hBD-4. The commensal bacteria were significant inducers of hBD-2, hBD-3, and IL-8. The pathogen P. gingivalis induced hBD-1 and hBD-3 at different time points than the commensals, but no induction of IL-8 and hBD-2 could be observed. These data fit with the chemokine paralysis theory. A correlation was found between the pathogenicity of different serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the induction profiles of defensins and IL-8. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a correlation can be found in diseased oral epithelium between the defensin profiles that are induced and the pathogenicity of the oral bacterial strains.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed2006

Periodontal regeneration following transplantation of proliferating tissue derived from periodontal ligament into class III furcation defects in dogs.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing of class III furcation defects following transplantation of proliferating tissue derived from periodontal ligament (pPDL). Two weeks after removing alveolar bone, pPDL was excised. Class III furcation defects were created in the mandibular premolars. pPDL was transplanted into the furcation defects in the experimental group, while no treatment was performed on the furcation defects in the controls. Two, four and eight weeks after surgery, histologic examination, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry were carried out. bFGF and VEGF mRNA showed a significant increase in pPDL. In the pPDL treatment group, new cementum regenerated around almost the entire circumference of the furcation, with new bone filling most of the defect, while the control group presented epithelial downgrowth and defects filled with connective tissue. These results provide histological evidence that pPDL plays an important role in wound healing by promoting periodontal regeneration in class III furcation defects.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Application of local drug delivery system to periodontal therapy. 4. Comparison of the therapeutic effects of administration of a TC film or root debridement on human periodontal disease].

In 8 patients with periodontal diseases under good supragingival plaque control, 22 test teeth each having a pocket not more than 4 mm deep were treated respectively with 3 consecutive administrations of tetracycline immobilized cross-linked collagen film (TC film) at intervals of 1 week, with onceroot planing and with both of these. The therapeutic effects were compared both clinically and micro biologically. The results revealed improvements in clinical symptoms such as reduction in the depth of the pocket, bleeding on pocket probing and the like for each treatment group in 6-12 weeks. The second and third groups also showed remarked gingival recession. Further more, the density of intrapocket microorganisms showed a remarked decrease up to the 8th week for each treatment group and the population of spirochetes showed a decrease up to the 6th week for the first treatment group and up to the 8th-12th week for the second and third treatment group. The results show that both local application of the TC film and root planing are effective in periodontal treatment, but not the combined treatment.

Collagen↗
PubMed1989

[Effectiveness of local delivery of ofloxacin using controlled-release strips (PT-01) in periodontal patients. Part 1. PT-01 application among treatment plans for periodontal disease].

Three different sites which have more than 5 mm pocket were randomly selected in each periodontal patient and were divided into three groups: PT-01 treated site, placebo treated site and control site. After application of either PT-01 or placebo twice for two weeks, subgingval scaling and root planing were performed. Then PT-01 and the placebo were applied weekly to the periodontal pocket for four weeks and clinical and microbiological evaluations were made. The results obtained were as follows: 1. On clinical evaluation, significant improvement was found in the PT-01 treated site in comparison with the placebo treated and/or control site. 2. On microbiological evaluation, slight improvement was found in the PT-01 treated site, whereas there was no significant difference among the three sites.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗
PubMed1995

Levels of serum IgG against Porphyromonas gingivalis in patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis and adult periodontitis.

Levels of serum IgG against Porphyromonas gingivalis cell sonicate were determined in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 25), rapidly progressive periodontitis (RPP)(n = 25) and adult periodontitis (AP)(n = 15) and controls (HP)(n = 10) utilizing the ELISA technique. Comparison between groups showed no significant differences between the HP and RA groups and also between the RPP and AP groups. The increased levels of IgG in the RPP and AP groups were comparable. Significant differences in IgG levels were noted between HP and RPP (p<0.05) and between HP and AP (p<0.01). The differences between RA and RPP and between RA and AP were highly significant (p<0.0001). Thus it was revealed that the serum levels of IgG against P. gingivalis in RPP and AP patients were elevated, whereas the levels in RA patients were comparable to those in controls.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Case report: orthodontic separators as periodontal ligatures in periodontal bone loss.

Periodontal destruction due to subgingival elastic bands was first reported in the dental literature nearly 130 years ago, and has involved over 20 cases. Destruction due to orthodontic separators used during fixed appliance therapy is a less common occurrence. A case report is presented which illustrates the severe periodontal destruction, which can occur when separators are misused. The subsequent treatment of this problem is also described. Emphasis is placed on the correct use of these orthodontic adjuncts and, appropriate monitoring of the gingival health of orthodontic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Monitoring the periodontal microbiota as an adjunct to periodontal therapy: rationale, interpretation of test results and application to patient management.

Recent developments in our understanding of the relationship of the oral microbiota to periodontal diseases have led to improved approaches to controlling the pathogenic influence of certain bacterial species. In addition to non-specific control of bacterial accumulations in the sulcus region, antibiotics may be useful in suppressing persistent species with pathogenic potential. This approach is indicated in cases that do not respond adequately to mechanical plaque control measures or certain categories of periodontal diseases likely to be caused by a specific infection. Monitoring the composition of the microbiota before, during and after antimicrobial therapy is helpful in the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents, monitoring the effectiveness of the therapy and detecting the return of undesirable microorganisms.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2005

Enhanced periodontal debridement with the use of micro ultrasonic, periodontal endoscopy.

Current literature supports the use of powered instrumentation over traditional hand instrumentation. The objective of scaling and root planing is the complete removal of plaque and calculus from root surfaces. While this is unrealistic, the accepted end-point is a smooth, glassy root surface during periodontal instrumentation. This often has resulted in overinstrumentation and excessive removal of cementum. Cementum removal has been deemed generally unnecessary. What is essential is the removal of plaque, calculus, and the endotoxin adherent to the root surface. This cleaning of root surfaces is best done with judicious use of powered instrumentation. The excessive removal of cementum during hand instrumentation is due to the lack of visualization. Using endoscopic technology, the ability to visually debride roots can improve chances of success in a more conservative and minimally invasive way. This article provides a brief review of micro ultrasonic technologies and periodontal endoscopy, its implementation in our practice, and a limited case series.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Supportive periodontal therapy after reconstructive periodontal surgery.

Clinical practice and research have established the value of supportive periodontal treatment after reconstructive periodontal surgery. The clinical procedures and the rationale for developing individualized treatments are discussed in general and for specific types of reconstructive procedures. The application of adjunctive diagnostics and chemotherapeutic agents to supplement traditional methods is described.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1986

Destruction and repair of periodontal tissues during burst episodes of activity in hamster periodontitis.

This study describes episodes of rapid destruction and repair of periodontal tissues occurring during the course of hamster periodontitis. The mandibular molar periodontia of 120 male golden hamsters exposed to Keyes 2000 diet for periods ranging from 45 to 180 days were examined on undecalcified serial sections. The destructive phase of the episodes was characterized by the localized appearance of a large number of osteoclasts creating a cone-shaped defect. Bone resorption was associated with disorganization of the gingival tissues, including epithelial ulceration, and a dense PMN infiltration. The repair phase was observed in these cone-shaped defects by the use of fluorescent and corresponding stained sections. Bone formation was intense with woven bone filling the cervical aspect of the defect. Apically, bone formation was more regular and less rapid. A healthy band of connective tissue always separated the bone reaction from the infiltrated connective tissue. Despite its magnitude this repair did not restore the overall bone destruction. The burst episodes of activity were found far more frequently in animals with significant macroscopic bone loss. They mobubly play a key-role in the progress of alveolar destruction in the hamster.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The effects of smoking on periodontal disease and periodontal therapies.

Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for the development of periodontal disease. In addition, there is an association between a reduced healing response subsequent to various periodontal therapies and cigarette smoking. As providers of dental care, it is our responsibility to inform our patients of the deleterious effects of smoking as well as the benefits of the cessation of this habit.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Comparative detection frequency of 6 putative periodontal pathogens in Sudanese and Norwegian adult periodontitis patients.

Twenty-five sudanese and 18 norwegian adult periodontitis patients were selected to participate in this study. The purpose was to compare cultivation results of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Capnocytophaga species as well as various enteric rods in both populations. In addition, DNA probe analysis was used to identify P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F. nucleatum, and Bacteroides forsythus in the Sudanese patients and results were compared with those obtained by cultivation. The paper point technique was used to sample 99 sites in the Sudanese group (4 paper points/site) and 119 sites in the Norwegian patients (3 paper points/site). In the Sudanese subjects, the fourth paper point was used for the DNA probe analysis. The chi-square test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to test for statistically significant differences between Sudanese and Norwegian cultivation results as well as between cultivation and DNA results in the Sudanese group. Cultivation results indicated that the Sudanese subjects had significantly lower prevalence of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and F. nucleatum (P < 0.01), significantly higher prevalence of Capnocytophaga species (P < 0.05), and similar prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Almost all Sudanese subjects tested positive for various enteric rods, while none of the Norwegians did so. The extent to which unrestricted use of antibiotics and transport media influenced the levels of enteric species is not known, however.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗