Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PEDIATRICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Anesthesia for small animal pediatric and geriatric patients. I. Anesthesia for small animal pediatric patients.

Anesthetic management of the pediatric patient is a challenge which can give rise to a most rewarding anesthetic management if one takes into consideration the normal physiological function of the pediatric patient. One should choose the appropriate medications which may safely be administered to an animal of this age. Control of anesthesia through the use of appropriate anesthetic equipment and the use of appropriate monitoring will aid safe management. The selection of adjunct medications can achieve control of complications and aid ultimate uncomplicated recovery.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1995

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of S-1108 in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of S-1108].

S-1108 in granules, a new oral cephem antibiotic, was pharmacokinetically and clinically evaluated in the pediatric field and the following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetics S-1108 was administered at single doses of 2, 3, 4, 6 mg/kg orally and the following results were obtained on Cmax, T 1/2 and AUC, respectively: Cmax: 0.79, 1.03, 1.39, 1.06 micrograms/ml, T 1/2: 1.28 +/- 0.40, 1.27 +/- 0.65, 1.10 +/- 0.29, 1.83 hrs., AUC: 2.65 +/- 0.63, 3.99 +/- 2.77, 5.25 +/- 1.83, 5.15 micrograms.hr/ml. These values indicated a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior. Urinary recovery rates were 12.5-30.0% in the first 8(6) hours after administration. 2. Clinical results The clinical efficacy of S-1108 was evaluated in 456 patients with various infections. S-1108 was administered at a dose of 2-4 mg/kg three time a day to most patients. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 95.0%. In 294 cases with identified causative pathogen, the clinical efficacy rate was 96.9%, and the bacteriological eradication rate was 89.0%. Side effects occurred in 18 (3.23%) of 558 patients subjected to safety analyses. The main side effect was diarrhea but those side effects were mild and reversible. Abnormal laboratory test results were observed in 25 cases, (eosinophilia and elevated GOT and GPT). These abnormalities were not dose-dependent and also seen with other cephems to a similar extent. No particular and serious problems were associated with administration of this drug. Based on the above results, S-1108 is considered to be very useful at a standard dose of 2-4 mg/kg t.i.d. against most infections encountered in the pediatric field out-patient clinic.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Methotrexate therapy for complex graft rejection in pediatric heart transplant recipients. The Pediatric Heart Transplant Team--Loma Linda.

BACKGROUND: We retrospectively reviewed all pediatric heart transplant recipients at Loma Linda University Medical Center between January 1990 and September 1993 to evaluate the efficacy and safety of methotrexate when it is used for the treatment of graft rejection. METHODS: Twenty-eight of 156 patients (18%) received methotrexate therapy. The dose used for recurrent rejection was 10 mg/m2/week given every 12 hours for three doses. Rejection history, complete blood counts, liver function tests, and infectious complications were reviewed. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were treated for recurrent rejection. Methotrexate was begun at a median of 115 days (13 to 1093 days). Older patients were more likely to receive methotrexate (p < 0.01). Efficacy was assessed as rejection episodes (mean +/- standard deviation) occurring in the 2 months before methotrexate administration compared with the 2 months after methotrexate administration and fell from 2.0 +/- 0.2 to 0.6 +/- 0.2 episodes (p < 0.001). The rejection rate (rejections per patient-month) fell in treated patients to a rate similar to patients who did not receive methotrexate. Two patients (11%) died while receiving methotrexate. An additional nine patients were treated for acute rejection with hemodynamic compromise, and one was treated for graft-versus-host disease. The incidence of significant infections was 50% (but no deaths were due to infection) during methotrexate therapy in all patients treated (n = 28). The minimum white blood cell count in the first month of methotrexate therapy occurred at 2 weeks (median of 2700 to 3500 x 10(6) cells/L). Only one patient had elevated transaminase levels. CONCLUSION: Methotrexate is an effective and safe adjunct in the management of chronic pediatric cardiac graft rejection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Is there lead in the suburbs? Risk assessment in Chicago suburban pediatric practices. Pediatric Practice Research Group.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine: (1) the prevalence of elevated blood lead (BPb) levels (BPb > or = 10 micrograms/dL) in Chicago suburban children attending Pediatric Practice Research Group practices at 12 and 24 months of age, and (2) the efficacy of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Illinois lead exposure risk assessment questions. METHODS: Parents bringing their 1- and 2-year-old children for health supervision visits at pediatric practices completed questionnaires. BPb levels were drawn on children. Both questionnaire and an analyzable BPb level were obtained on 1393 subjects (79.2%). RESULTS: Only 2.1% of our sample had a venous BPb level > or = 10 micrograms/dL (0.48 mumol/L); no subjects had a level > or = 30 micrograms/dL (1.45 mumol/L). The CDC risk assessment questions had a sensitivity of .69 and specificity of .70. Due to the low prevalence of elevated BPb levels in this sample, CDC and Illinois screening strategies had high negative predictive values (.99) and low positive predictive values (.05 and .04, respectively). However, some of the subjects with BPb levels > or = 10 micrograms/dL were not at high risk by CDC and Illinois screening questions; 9 of 29 subjects with elevated lead levels (31%) did not respond affirmatively to any CDC risk assessment questions. The question best predicting an elevated BPb was the determination that the house the child lives in was built before 1960 (sensitivity = .83, specificity = .67). This question is not currently included in CDC or Illinois screening strategies. Screening based on the single question "Was your house built before 1960?" would have missed only five (17%) of the children with BPb levels > or = 10 micrograms/dL. Three of these five children were among the 17.1% of 1-year-olds and 26.3% of 2-year-olds in our sample who had moved. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, children living in houses built before 1960 should be considered at high risk for high-dose lead exposure. Due to the high mobility of our sample, phrasing the question to include lifetime exposure (ie, Has your child ever lived in a house built before 1960?) should also be considered. Selective BPb testing of high-risk children in low-prevalence suburban areas using this question would miss few children with elevated BPb. Useful risk assessment questions in other areas and other populations may differ.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1993

Chronic peritoneal dialysis catheters in pediatric patients: experience of the Italian Registry of Pediatric Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis.

During the period 1986-1991, 140 pediatric patients [age < or = 15 years at the start of chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD)], belonging to 15 dialysis centers, were enrolled in the Italian Registry of Pediatric Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis. Data on 188 peritoneal catheters were collected: 161 catheters were Tenckhoff (144 double-cuff, 17 single-cuff), and 27 were two-cuff Valli-type catheters. All catheters were surgically inserted; the entry site was in the midline in 84 cases and paramedian in 104. An omentectomy was performed in 78.8% of the cases. Apart from peritonitis, there were 161 catheter-related complications (103 exit-site infections, 17 leakages, 15 obstructions, 15 outer-cuff extrusions, 5 hemoperitoneum, 6 others) observed during 2687.5 dialysis-months, with an incidence of one complication every 16.7 dialysis-months. Fifty-five catheters (29.2%) were removed; infection (39 cases) was the main cause for removal, followed by obstruction (9 cases), dislocation, and outer-cuff extrusion (2 cases each). Actuarial survival of all catheters was 79.7% at 1 year, 66.6% at 2 years, 42.8% at 3 years, and 39.8% at 4 years. No difference in catheter survival was observed according to the entry site. When considering the age of the patients at catheter insertion, a difference close to statistical significance was found (p = 0.06).

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1993

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefditoren pivoxil in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of ME1207].

Cefditoren pivoxil (ME1207) in granules, a new oral cephalosporin, was pharmacokinetically and clinically evaluated in the pediatric field and the following results were obtained: 1. Pharmacokinetics In infants administered single oral doses of 3 mg (potency)/kg and 6 mg/kg, the Cmax was 1.54 +/- 0.68 and 2.85 +/- 1.03 micrograms/ml; Tmax, 2.27 +/- 1.08 and 2.06 +/- 1.16 hours; T 1/2, 2.22 +/- 1.95 and 1.68 +/- 0.66 hours; and AUC (0-infinity), 7.43 +/- 3.68 and 11.90 +/- 4.51 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively. These values have indicated that the drug has a dose-dependent pharmacokinetic behavior. Urinary concentrations peaked in 2-4 hours after administration. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were 19.4 +/- 6.6% at 3 mg/kg and 17.1 +/- 5.2% at 6 mg/kg. 2. Clinical results The clinical efficacy of the drug was evaluated in 445 patients with various infections. Cefditoren pivoxil was administered at daily doses of 9-18 mg/kg divided into 3 equal doses to most patients. Daily doses of > 7.5-10.5 mg/kg were given to 48.8% of the patients. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 97.3%, and this drug was effective in 97.5% of the 319 patients for whom the causative pathogens were identified and in 96.8% of the 126 patients with infections for whom the causative pathogens were unknown. The efficacy rate at daily doses of > 7.5-10.5 mg/kg was 97.2%, similar to that obtained at daily doses of > 10.5-19.5 mg/kg (97.0%). The bacteriological eradication rate was 90.4%. The efficacy and eradication rates for 66 patients who had not responded to previous chemotherapy were 95.5% (63/66) and 89.4%, respectively. Side effects occurred in 19 (4.2%) of 456 patients subjected to safety analyses. The primary side effect was diarrhea but no serious side effects were noted. As abnormal laboratory test results, moderate increases of the eosinophils and platelets counts as well as moderate elevations of the transaminases were observed. These abnormalities are also seen with other cephems and to a similar extent. No particular and serious problems were associated with administration of this drug. Based on the above results, cefditoren pivoxil is considered to be very useful at a dose level of 3 mg/kg t.i.d. against most infections encountered in the pediatric field.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Eighty-one percent event-free survival in advanced Burkitt's lymphoma/leukemia: no differences in outcome between pediatric and adult patients treated with the same intensive pediatric protocol.

BACKGROUND: Advanced Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) has an extremely poor prognosis in adults. With a previous protocol including CNS prophylaxis, 40% of our adult patients achieved CR and only 13% became long survivors. In 1988, following this poor experience, we adopted a very intensive pediatric-derived protocol. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive patients, 8 adults (median age 35, stage III: 1; IV: 7; leukemias: 6) and 13 children (median age 10, state III: 8; IV: 5; leukemias: 4) were treated with the same protocol (POG 8617), based on alternate two-phase cycles with sequential high-dose CTX, VCR, ADM + CNS chemoprophylaxis (phase A) and HD MTX + HiDAC (phase B). Adults received 6 cycles, children 8; i.t. prophylaxis in phase B was omitted in adults. RESULTS: Twenty of 21 (95%) patients achieved CR (adults 100%, children 92%). Two patients died early; 2 relapsed at 4 and 9 months. With a median follow-up of 28 months (4-96), 17 patients (81%) are event free (adults 75%, children 85%). Severe infections affected 62% of adults and 15% of children. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The prognosis of adult advanced BL definitely improved with this intensive protocol. (2) There were no differences in outcome between adults and children. (3) Outcome of lymphoma and leukemia was similar. (4) Severe infections occurred frequently in adults. This intensive pediatric protocol requires a careful supportive therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Learning disabilities, dyslexia, and vision: a subject review. Committee on Children with Disabilities, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS).

Learning disabilities are common conditions in pediatric patients. The etiology of these difficulties is multifactorial, reflecting genetic influences and abnormalities of brain structure and function. Early recognition and referral to qualified educational professionals is critical for the best possible outcome. Visual problems are rarely responsible for learning difficulties. No scientific evidence exists for the efficacy of eye exercises ("vision therapy") or the use of special tinted lenses in the remediation of these complex pediatric developmental and neurologic conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Evidence-based use of methotrexate in children with rheumatic diseases: a consensus statement of the Working Groups Pediatric Rheumatology Germany (AGKJR) and Pediatric Rheumatology Austria.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common diagnosis in children and adolescents with rheumatic disorders. In many children and adolescents, JIA is successfully treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and physiotherapy. However, in a significant number of cases the disease is resistant to this therapy, and treatment with "second line" disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is required. Methotrexate (MTX) is frequently referred to as "first-choice second-line agent" for the treatment of JIA. To increase drug safety, the Working Groups for Children and Adolescents with Rheumatic Diseases in Germany (AGKJR) and Pediatric Rheumatology Austria have initiated the formulation of evidence-based recommendations. Evidence is based on consensus expert meetings, a MEDLINE search with the key words "Methotrexate" and "juvenile arthritis" limited to age 0-18 years, standard textbooks and review articles, data from the central registry of the German Research Center for Rheumatic Diseases (Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin DRFZ), experience with MTX in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and recommendations of the German Society of Rheumatology (DGRh). Based on these data, evidence and recommendations are graded, and evidence-based recommendations for the use of MTX in children and adolescents with rheumatic disease are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Human milk, breastfeeding, and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the United States. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pediatric AIDS.

Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through breastfeeding has been conclusively demonstrated. The risk of such transmission has been quantified, the timing has been clarified, and certain risk factors for breastfeeding transmission have been identified. In areas where infant formula is accessible, affordable, safe, and sustainable, avoidance of breastfeeding has represented one of the main components of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission prevention efforts for many years. In areas where affordable and safe alternatives to breastfeeding may not be available, interventions to prevent breastfeeding transmission are being investigated. Complete avoidance of breastfeeding by HIV-1-infected women has been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and remains the only means by which prevention of breastfeeding transmission of HIV-1 can be absolutely ensured. This technical report summarizes the information available regarding breastfeeding transmission of HIV-1.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMed2006

Outcome at 6 months after admission for pediatric intensive care: a report of a national study of pediatric intensive care units in the United kingdom.

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to measure, by using the Health Utilities Index, the health status of children 6 months after admission to PICUs in the United Kingdom. METHODS: All PICUs in the United Kingdom were invited to participate. Children who were > or = 6 months of age at admission and were discharged alive from participating units during a 1-year period were eligible for this study. Children with completed consent forms who had survived to 6 months after admission received the Health Utilities Index questionnaire. RESULTS: Admission data on 7214 admissions to 22 units were collected between March 2001 and February 2002. Of those patients, 6786 survived to unit discharge, and consent for follow-up contact was obtained for 2642. At 6 months after admission, the mortality rate was estimated at 11.1% and 2034 children were still alive and contactable. Of those children, Health Utilities Index questionnaires were returned by 1455. No impairment was indicated for 767, 951, 940, 919, 962, and 939 children with respect to the Health Utilities Index sensation, cognition, emotion, pain, mobility, and self-care attributes, respectively. The mean +/- SE Health Utilities Index utility score was 0.73 +/- 0.01, with 397 children (27.3%) in full health. CONCLUSIONS: Death after pediatric intensive care in the United Kingdom is uncommon, making assessment of health status important. At 6 months after admission, there is significant morbidity. To assess the impact of strategies to improve or to optimize care on longer-term outcomes, standardized collection of data on preexisting comorbidities and illness severity is required.

Child↗
PubMed1963

Preventive pediatrics in medical education. II. A method of teaching preventive pediatrics in the medical school curriculum.

Knowledge of the intricacies of child growth and development and the complexities of family and community dynamics are invaluable for an adequate appraisal of the health needs of the child and for a responsible discharge of professional service. An attempt to incorporate these principles into a medical curriculum is illustrated by a specific method of teaching preventive pediatrics successfully employed over the past five years at the University of British Columbia. First-year students are assigned families and instructed and supervised in observation, examination and interviewing techniques relevant to the normal child. The second-year program is focused on specific individual and family problems of interpersonal relations and elaborates on counselling and other preventive techniques. Research projects are undertaken by the students. By the third year the program is integrated into the tradetional hospital setting, with additive exposure to the functioning of community health and welfare services.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Hand hygiene behavior in a pediatric emergency department and a pediatric intensive care unit: comparison of use of 2 dispenser systems.

BACKGROUND: Adherence to hand hygiene standards is poor. Approaches and systems to improve hand hygiene practices warrant testing. OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of use of manually operated and touch-free dispensers of sanitizer for hand hygiene. METHODS: Manual and touch-free dispensers of alcohol sanitizer were placed in the emergency department and an intensive care unit of a large pediatric hospital for two 2-month periods for each type of dispenser. Counting devices installed in each dispenser and direct observations were used to determine actual frequency of and indications for hand hygiene. RESULTS: The touch-free dispensers were used significantly more often than were the manual dispensers. The means for the number of episodes of hand hygiene per hour were 4.42 for the touch-free dispensers and 3.33 for the manual dispensers (P=.04); the means for the number of episodes per patient per hour were 2.22 and 1.79, respectively (P=.004); and the means for the number of uses of the dispenser per day were 41.2 and 25.6, respectively (P=.02). However, the overall compliance rate was 38.4% (2136 episodes of hand hygiene per 5568 indications for hand hygiene). CONCLUSIONS: The type of dispensing system influenced hand hygiene behavior. Nevertheless, overall hand hygiene compliance remained low. In order for interventions to have a major effect on hand hygiene, multiple factors must be considered.

Education, Continuing↗
PubMed1995

Informed consent, parental permission, and assent in pediatric practice. Committee on Bioethics, American Academy of Pediatrics.

The statement on informed consent, parental permission, and patient assent has a long and extraordinary history. The first draft of this document, prepared by William G. Bartholome, MD, was presented to the original American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Bioethics in 1985. Bill put his soul into the manuscript and has watched over it carefully ever since. Now, a decade later, those who have worked on its continued development and urged its adoption as Academy policy applaud its publication. No one is more gratified than its primary author and champion. Those who have had the privilege to know Dr Bartholome share his sense of accomplishment, but cannot help but experience a cruel sense of irony. Just as the work Bill considers his most important contribution has become available for public appreciation, Dr Bartholome suffers from a serious illness that threatens his life. Bill always wanted "the experience, perspective, and power of children" to be taken most seriously. Through the years of the statement's revisions and re-presentation within the Academy, Bill "had faith in the power of the text and the ideas it contained, ... that its time would come." The statement embodies Bill Bartholome's dedication to children. Throughout his career, he worked to make medicine and medical research safer and more friendly for children. The AAP and its Committee on Bioethics, on behalf of all our colleagues, extend heartful thanks to Dr William G. Bartholome for helping us more fully appreciate that children are in the process of becoming, in his words, "intelligent, observant, capable, and responsible persons" who deserve our utmost respect.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Pediatric deaths due to community-acquired bacterial infection. Survey of French pediatric intensive care units].

A retrospective survey has been conducted in the Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) affiliated to the Groupe Francophone d'Urgence et de Réanimation Pédiatrique over two years (1999 and 2000). The purpose was to determine the number of children aged from 10 days to 18 years who died from community acquired bacterial infections and to compare the data to those obtained from official surveys (statistics of death from the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) and from the Institut National de Veille Sanitaire as well as from punctual studies. Thirty two (60%) PICUs have participated and 100 cases of children without known risk factors, dead from community acquired documented bacterial infection have been considered for analysis (36 in 1999, 54 in 2000). Infants aged between 10 days and 2 months represent 1/3 of the fatalities. Neisseria meningitidis is the first pathogen responsible for death (34% including 10 not documented cases of purpura fulminans). B group is predominant (14/24) compared to the C group (6 cases). A lethal infection due to W135 group occurred in 2 infants in 2000. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the second pathogen responsible for death (28%). None of the cases were due to antibiotic resistant pneumococcus. Bordetella pertussis is surprisingly the third pathogen responsible for death (13%), all of them being younger than 2 months. Pertussis is the first cause of death in infants aged 10 days-2 months. An important increase was observed between 1999 (3 cases) and 2000 (10 cases). Meningitis is the first disease responsible for death (42%): 26 are related to pneumococcus, 5 to meningococcus and 6 to group B streptococcus. Purpura fulminans is the second cause (30%), due mainly to group B meningococcus (11 cases). Group C meningococcus accounts for 6 cases only. One case is related to pneumococcus. Lung infections are a rare cause of death (5 cases) and particularly staphylococcal pleuro pneumonia seems to be no longer a significative cause of fatality. Toxic shock syndrome is an emergent disease responsible for 5 death (2 staphylococcal, 3 streptococcal). These data fit with those provided by the Institut National de Veille Sanitaire with respect to meningococcal infections and the Renacoq network with respect to pertussis, as well as the data provided by a previous GPIP survey on pneumococcal meningitis. However, the data provided by INSERM seem not to be relevant. In spite of the bias due to a retrospective study and the lack of exhaustivity, this survey provides data which could help decision making with respect to new vaccines against pneumococcus.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2002

Outcome of hepatoblastoma treated with the JPLT-1 (Japanese Study Group for Pediatric Liver Tumor) Protocol-1: A report from the Japanese Study Group for Pediatric Liver Tumor.

PURPOSE: Hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant liver tumor in childhood. Multicenter studies elucidate the optimal pre- or postoperative chemotherapeutic regimens. This report reviews the results of the Japanese Study Group for Pediatric Liver Tumor Protocol-1 (JPLT-1) and compares its outcomes with published reports of other studies. METHODS: From March 1991 to December 1999, 154 patients with malignant liver tumor including 145 cases of hepatoblastomas were enrolled in the JPLT study. Data from 134 cases were analyzed in this study. JPLT-1 protocol 91A was used for patients with stage I or II hepatoblastoma. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of repeated courses of cisplatin (CDDP), 40 mg/m(2), and tetrahydropyranyl (THP)-Adriamycin, 30 mg/m(2). JPLT-1 protocol 91B was administered to patients with stage IIIA, IIIB, or IV hepatoblastoma. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of repeated courses of CDDP, 80 mg/m(2), and THP-Adriamycin, 30 mg/m(2)/day for 2 days. Courses were repeated every 4 weeks as tolerated. RESULTS: Seven patients died of chemotherapy-related side effects. Six of them died of sepsis caused by leukopenia and 1 case of liver failure. Overall survival rate (3-year/6-year) was 100%/100% for stage I (n = 9), 100%/95.7% for stage II (n = 32), 76.6%/73.8% for stage IIIA (n = 48), 50.3%/50.3% for stage IIIB (n = 25), 64.8%/38.9% for stage IV (n = 20), and 77.8%/73.4% overall. For stage IIIA and B disease, intravenous chemotherapy was better than intraarterial chemotherapy (66.4% v 38.1% for event-free survival and 69.3% v. 57.1% for overall survival). Patients less than 1 year of age had a better prognosis than older patients, but age was not a significant prognostic factor by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The overall and event-free survival rates of the JPLT-1 study of hepatoblastoma were comparable with the results of other multicenter studies in Europe and the United States. The event-free survival rate at 3 years for stage IIIB and IV disease was under 50%. New treatment strategies are needed for patients with advanced hepatoblastoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Pediatric trauma: postinjury care in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Traumatic injuries occur in > 20 million children each year and are the leading source of death in children over the age of 1 yr. Mechanisms of injury and subsequent therapies for critically injured children are diverse. This review will focus on resources and management strategies for caring for the severely injured child in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Adolescent↗