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PubMed1980

The bite plate--an adjunct in periodontic and orthodontic therapy.

This report reviews bite plate therapy and describes several variations of bite plates. Bite plates may be useful as an adjunct to periodontic and orthodontic therapy. They may be used as a diagnostic appliance, to take mobile teeth out of trauma by disarticulating them, to allow teeth to extrude and shallow out associated osseous deformities, and to eliminate the superimposed occlusal trauma that may be caused by the parafunctional habits that can develop during orthodontic tooth movement. The change in vertical position of the dentition and the decrease in overbite are primarily due to eruption of the posterior teeth and not intrusion of the lower anterior teeth. The decrease in overbite may be accompanied by an increase in overjet and an alteration of the mesio-distal and bucco-lingual occlusal landmarks. In some cases the use of a bite plate may cause the development of an anterior open bite. Any such occlussal alterations produced by the bite plate should be corrected by occlusal adjustment or orthodontic therapy and occlusal adjustment.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1993

Relationships of condylar path angle with malocclusion and temporomandibular joint disturbances.

A study was conducted to investigate the condylar path angle in relation to Angle's classification, amount of overbite and subjective symptoms. The condylar path angle in Angle's Class I group was similar to that in the Class II group. The angle in the Class III group was smaller than in the other two classes. A tendency for the angle to decrease as the amount of overbite became smaller was observed. The angle in the symptom group was slightly smaller than in the no-symptom group.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prevalence of malocclusion among a population of northern Nigeria school children.

An epidemiological survey of 1,028 children, 544 females (52.9%) and 484 males (47.1%) was carried out in Kaduna Nigeria to assess the prevalence of malocclusion in the Northern part of Nigeria. The sample population aged 11-18 years were of Northern Nigeria origin and none had received previous orthodontic treatment. From the results, normal occlusion was seen in 12.2% children, Angle's Class I malocclusion in 84.0%, 1.7% had Angle's Class II while Angle's III was observed in 2.0%. No case of Angle's Class II div 2 was seen. A reduction in the prevalence of Angle's Class II div I was seen to occur with increasing age while an increase in Angle's III malocclusion was noted in the 17-18 years age group. Spacing of the upper anterior segment was observed to occur in 45.9% of children examined while spacing of the lower anterior segment was seen in 30%. Crowding of these segments occurred in 21.6% and 36.3% respectively of the sample population. Using Jackson's method (1962) Overbite I was found to occur in 69.5% of the children examined. Deep bite (Overbite 3) occurred in only 1.6% of those examined. An overjet values of 2-4 mm was the most prevalent occurring in 70.8% of the children. A low prevalence of bimaxilliary proclination was observed (3.7%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction and occlusion in the mixed and permanent dentition.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between occlusal factors: Angle classification, overbite, overjet, openbite, anterior and posterior crossbite, scissors bite or buccal crossbite and lateral openbite--and the presence of mandibular dysfunction in a sample of 359 Turkish children with mixed and permanent dentition. Z Test was used to compare the results. It was found that, Class III malocclusion in the permanent dentition and openbite, overbite = 0, overjet = 0, anterior-posterior crossbite in the mixed dentition were related with TMD.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Clinical performance of novel-design porcelain veneers for the recovery of coronal volume and length.

The present study evaluated the clinical performance of bonded porcelain veneers (PV) restoring substantial coronal volume and length in the anterior dentition. Forty-eight PVs were placed in 16 patients, with systematic coverage and reconstitution of the incisal edge, including well-defined anterior guidance. A standardized protocol comprising diagnostic steps that integrate additive waxups and acrylic mockups was used. PVs were fabricated using feldspathic and low-fusing porcelains in a refractory die technique. Incisal overlaps featured freestanding porcelain spans ranging from 1.5 to 5.5 mm. After a mean clinical service of 4.5 years, 13 clinical parameters for each tooth and 4 parameters that applied to persons were recorded. Permutation tests evaluated the effects of margin location, incisal edge span of porcelain, overbite, opposing contact location, and restoration age on ceramic failure and clinical marginal adaptation and seal. At recall, 100% of the veneers were satisfactory with minor interventions. The effect of slight marginal defects and porcelain cracking was negligible. Biologic, periodontal, and esthetic parameters showed excellent results, which were supported by 100% patient-reported satisfaction. All patients felt comfortable with the newly defined anterior guidance. Aging was negligible, and there were no significant effects of margin location (P > 0.08), incisal edge span of the ceramic, or overbite (P > 0.22) on ceramic failure and marginal performance. Minor alterations of the palatal margin, however, tended to be more frequent compared to facial locations, and were found especially when the opposing tooth contact in centric occlusion was located on the palatal margin (P = 0.028). Bonded ceramic restorations represent a reliable, effective procedure to restore extensive coronal volume and length in the anterior dentition.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2000

Cephalometric evaluation of patients with anterior open-bite.

Cephalometric evaluations of the skeletal pattern of 30 patients with anterior open-bite malocclusion were compared to those of 30 individuals with a normal overbite. The posterior/anterior face height ratio (PFH/AFH) was the only skeletal characteristic statistically different in the two groups. The other cephalometric measurements were not found to be statistically different in the malocclusion and normal overbite groups (SN-GoGn, SN-PP, gonial angle, LFH/AFH ratio), indicating that there is no skeletal origin in the group with anterior open-bite in this study.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1999

Variations in treatment need using four screening methods.

The study models of 100 Grade Seven students were used to compare the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), the Dental Health Component (DHC) and the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), and the Danish Ministry of Health (DMH) screening system. The basis for comparison was the agreed subjective assessment of two orthodontists for each subject. Disagreements between the subjective assessment and each screening method were further analysed in an attempt to identify the specific occlusal traits responsible for the disagreement. The DAI under-estimated treatment need in cases with displaced canine teeth, incisor crowding or rotations and increased overbite. The DAI over-estimated treatment need in cases with increased overjet in otherwise well-aligned arches. The DMH guidelines over-estimated treatment need in cases with increased overjet and crowded arches. The DHC was found to be over-sensitive in cases with increased overjet and contact point displacements greater than 2 mm. The AC under-estimated treatment need in cases with excessive overjet and buccally displaced canines, and over-estimated treatment need in cases with spaced arches and deep overbite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Long-term stability of orthodontic treatment out of retention.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlative factors influencing the stability of orthodontic treatment out of retention. METHODS: Pre-treatment, post-treatment and 2 approximately 8 years out of retention study models of 74 cases with malocclusion were assessed by the PAR (Peer Assessment Rating) index. RESULTS: (1) Out of retention, the relapse rate was 13.01% in weighted PAR total scores and the relapse rate was 6.38%, 15.56%, 28.86%, 22.41% in alignment, overjet, overbite and transverse buccal occlusion respectively. (2) The rate of great improvement was decreased from 77.03% after treatment to 64.86% out of retention. The PAR score increased in 53 cases (71.62%), unchanged in 6 cases (8.11%) and reduced in 15 cases (20.27%) out of retention. (3) The weighted total scores in the Begg appliance were higher than that in Edgewise out of retention (P < 0.05). (4) The alignment and PAR total scores out of retention were higher in class II malocclusion than in class I malocclusion (P < 0.05). (5) The weighted PAR total scores post-retention were higher in unilateral extraction than in other groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: (1) There was a trend that teeth relapsed to original position out of retention. The relapse rate was greater in alignment, overjet, overbite and transverse buccal occlusion. (2) The stability out of retention was not related to patient's age and sex, but was related to the types of appliance, malocclusion and extraction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Lower incisor changes on basal bone and in relation to the lower face: combined growth and treatment effects in the late mixed-dentition.

This study was designed to determine and compare the ranges of combined growth and late mixed-dentition treatment changes in the positions of the lower incisors, either on basal bone or in relation to the APog line. While there was considerable individual variation, movements of the lower incisors in relation to APog were found to be related more to changes in the angulation of the APog line itself, than to the movements of the incisors on the basal bone. In individual cases in which considerable forward movement had occurred at pogonion and in which deep anterior overbites had been reduced, it was often found that the lower incisors had moved forward considerably in relation to the APog line without necessarily having moved forward at all on the underlying basal bone. It was concluded therefore that, in such cases, lower incisor movements on basal bone may actually occur in the opposite direction to those in relation to the APog line because of the complex interaction of changes occurring in the vertical and horizontal positions of both point A and pogonion. In these cases, it seems possible for the lower dentoalveolus to be passively carried forward with growth of the underlying basal bone, once any deep overbite has been reduced.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

[Simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the anterior teeth using a three-piece base arch].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the three-piece base arch on overbite correction of Class II malocclusion. METHODS: 20 patients with high angle, flared incisors were treated using a three-piece base arch appliance. The intrusion force of four upper incisors was adjusted to approximately 50 g. The line of force action was 2 mm distally to the resistant center(RC) and the retraction force was 20 g, the right and left posterior segments were joined by a palatal bar. Cephalograms were taken before treatment (T1) and six months after treatment (T2). RESULTS: The upper molars moved mesially 0.60 +/- 0.35 mm and the distance of the vertical extrusion was 0.80 +/- 0.52 mm. The distances of the upper central incisor retraction and intrusion were -4.20 +/- 2.12 mm and 3.10 +/- 0.54 mm respectively. The RC of the central incisor retracted -4.12 +/- 1.96 mm and intruded 3.20 +/- 0.66 mm. The axial inclination of the upper incisor-palatal plane changed from 123.21 degrees +/- 4.26 degrees to 116.00 degrees +/- 3.96 degrees. CONCLUSION: The three-piece segmented approach can effectively intrude and retract the upper anterior teeth for flared incisors and deep overbite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Three cases of anterior maxillary osteotomy under orotracheal intubation.

Anterior maxillary osteotomy is frequently applied to skeletal Class II cases with maxillary protrusion. In addition to the anteroposterior problem, these cases are often accompanied with a long midfacial appearance and display of incisors and gingiva during smiling. In the application of anterior maxillary osteotomy to such patients, it is necessary to move the anterior maxillary segments upward as well as backward. Since the upward movement occasionally interferes with the intranasal endotracheal tube, orotracheal intubation is recommended for the operation. Recently, the use of a resin replica of the mandibular dental arch was introduced to place the anterior maxillary segment correctly in the planned position and to obtain the correct occlusion. This article reports on 3 maxillary protrusive skeletal Class II patients with deep overbites and vertical esthetic problems treated by this method. The treatment results show that all 3 patients exhibited large upward and backward movements of the anterior maxillary segments and desirable facial profiles, with a reduction of the deep overbites after the treatment. This case report demonstrates that the anterior maxillary osteotomy under orotracheal intubation with the use of a resin replica is a useful method to treat maxillary protrusive skeletal Class II patients with a large alveolar height.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The pattern of malocclusion among orthodontic patients seen in Dental Centre, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

The aim of this study was to analyse the malocclusion pattern among patients who presented for treatment in the Orthodontic Unit of the Dental Centre, University College Hospital, Ibadan, as baseline data for proper treatment planning, teaching and further research. A total of 289 subjects aged 5-34 years with mean age of 10.6 +/- 1.5 (S.D.) years were seen. Angle's classification of molar relationships among those seen is as follows: class I - 76.5%, Class II - 15.5% and Class III - 8.0%. There was increased overjet in 16.2% of the patients, reduced overjet in 0.7% while 2.1% had reversed overjet. Other occlusal abnormalities included: increased overbite (3.8%), reduced overbite (1.4%); anterior open bite (5.2%; crossbite (8.4%) and scissorsbite (0.6%). Crowding, spacing and retained primary incisors constituted 29.7%, 1.4% and 40.1%, respectively. Delayed eruption of canine (1.0%), Bimaxillary protrusion (0.7%), incompetent lips (0.7%), supernumerary teeth (0.7%) malformed tooth (0.3%), mandibular deviation on closure (1.0%) and oral habits (4.5%) were other forms of malocclusion diagnosed. Males were found to have significantly more of classes II and III molar relationships than females (P < 0.05). Occurrence of retained primary teeth as well as overjet deviations from normal were significantly higher in females (P < 0.05). No significant sex differences were found in the other occlusal disorders (P > 0.05): The findings were comparable with previous epidemiological surveys in other parts of the country.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the effects of orthodontic pacifiers on the primary dentitions of 24- to 59-month-old children: preliminary study.

This study was designed to compare the occlusions of 24- to 59-month-old children who used orthodontic or conventional pacifiers to the occlusions of a group of controls who had no sucking habits. Information on the habits was collected by parental questionnaires. Ninety-five children were examined for malocclusions involving overbite, overjet, canine, and molar relationships, and posterior crossbites. Users of orthodontic pacifiers had statistically significantly greater overjets, and there was a significantly higher proportion of subjects with open bite in the conventional pacifier group. There was a trend toward a greater number of subjects in the control and orthodontic pacifier group with overbites less than or equal to 50%. These differences were not clinically significant, however. There appeared to be only minor differences between the occlusions of the two pacifier groups.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

[The investigation analysis of malocclusion in the juvenile in Shanghai Pudong New Area]

OBJECTIVE:To understanding the rate of malocclusion in the juvenile in Shanghai Pudong new area.Emphasising to know the rate of crowding,overbite or overjet and anterior crossbite.METHODS:1785 person with the age from 7 to 12 are investigated.According to Angle's classification of malocclusion they are classify.RESULTS:The rate of malocclusion is 44.02% in the mix dentition and 48.78% in the permanent dentition.The crowding rates are:mix dentition 22.74%,permanent dentition 32.36%.The overbite or overjet rates are:mix dentition 17.18%,permanent dentition 11.06%.The anterior crossbite rates are:mix dentition 4.44%,permanent dentition 4.07%. CONCLUSION:There are no significant differences between the rate of malocclusion in thr mix and permanent dentitions.It is important that the patients with the overbite/overjet and crossbite should be treated as early as possible.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Italian Board of Orthodontics. Case Nr. 1: early treatment.

The patient was a 9 year 3 month old female with a normodivergent skeleto-dental Class II malocclusion in the mixed dentition characterized by maxillary incisors which were both protrusive and spaced. There was by a deep Curve of Spee and a deep bite with palatal impingement. Facially, the profile was convex when compared to the esthetic line. The nasolabial angle was normal and the face was symmetrical (Figs. 1-8, Tab. I). The functional movements and T.M.J analysis were within normal limits. The periodontum and hygeine were good. Because of the patient's age, a 2 phase non extraction treatment approach was planned. In the first phase, the intent was to reduce the overbite and overjet for funtional reasons, reducing the possibility of trauma to the maxillary incisors, and control the Class II skeltodental relationships. In the second phase, Class I relationships would be obtained with a normal overjet and overbite and an improved profile. However, in reality, treatment became a 1 phase treatment because there was no interruption between the first and second phase of treatment.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Occlusal features of sickle cell anaemia patients in Lagos, Nigeria.

One hundred and four sickle cell anaemia patients aged 10-45 years and attending the out patients' clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital as part of a routine check-up were seen. They were in a steady state of health. By means of a structured questionnaire the Biodata of each consecutive eligible patient was obtained and physical examination was carried out. Oral examination was done with emphasis on occlusal variables including Angle's Classification of occlusion, overjet, overbite, tooth: bone ratio, lip competence and skeletal pattern. Results showed that the majority of the patients 92 (88.5%) seen presented with Angle's Class 1 malocclusion. Increased overjet was observed in 50 (48.2%) of the sample population while an overbite depth of 2 was most frequently seen in these patients. Spacing in the anterior segment of the upper and lower arches was a fairly common occurrence, occurring in 51 (49.0%) and 39 (30.8%) of the patients seen respectively. Normal dental base relationship (Skeletal 1) was observed in 72 (69.2%) while lip incompetence was seen in 41 (39.4%) of the patients examined. Occlusal anomalies vary from mild to severe and may be attributable to hyperplastic maxillary bone and the resultant skeletal discrepancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between duration of unilateral masticatory cycles and the type of lateral dental guidance: a preliminary study.

PURPOSE: This study assessed the duration of different phases of the chewing cycle and the height of the masticatory cycle in relation to the type of lateral guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-three subjects with the same type of lateral guidance on both sides were categorized into 3 groups: anterior protected articulation, canine protection, and group function. Overbite was measured clinically. Border jaw movements were recorded using a Sirognathograph, and the lateral guidance angle in the frontal plane was measured. Jaw movements during unilateral chewing of peanuts were recorded on the frontal plane using the Sirognathograph connected to an electrocardiograph used for transcription. A single masticatory cycle was divided into opening, closing, and occlusal-level phases. Masticatory parameters were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, correlations, the paired Student t test, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Women showed significantly longer total cycle duration than men. Subjects with canine protection showed the highest lateral guidance angle and the highest chewing cycle duration. Subjects with anterior protected articulation exhibited significantly longer occlusal-level phases. Fifty-nine percent of the variation in duration of the occlusal-level phase can be explained by the type of lateral dental guidance, gender, and lateral guidance angle. Only overbite was a predictor of height of mastication. CONCLUSION: The type of lateral guidance, gender, and frontal guidance angle are correlated with the duration of the occlusal-level phase during unilateral chewing of peanuts. The height of mastication cannot be explained by the type of lateral guidance.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Treatment of a Class II malocclusion with bilaterally impacted canines: a case report.

AIM: This article describes the treatment of a patient with a Class II malocclusion and bilaterally impacted canines using a Jasper jumper appliance. An unfavorable side effect of the appliance became a benefit as part of the treatment. METHODS: Treatment objectives were to erupt the impacted canines, expand the decreased intermolar width, and obtain a well-balanced profile, with a Class I occlusion. The widening effect of this appliance on the maxillary molars was expected to help increase the intermolar distance. RESULTS: Favorable changes were noted, both in the occlusion and in the profile. Class I canine and molar relationships with ideal overjet and overbite were achieved. Overbite and overjet were decreased by a combination of retrusion and extrusion of the maxillary incisors, and protrusion and intrusion of the mandibular incisors. The maxillary canines were erupted successfully, with healthy gingival tissue. The crossbite in the right posterior segment was corrected as a result of the increase in the intermolar distance. CONCLUSION: The results gained were primarily dentoalveolar, rather than skeletal. There has been an improvement in the occlusion and esthetics.

Activator Appliances↗