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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Stress proteins (Hsp72/73, Grp94) expression pattern in rat organs following metavanadate administration. Effect of green tea drinking.

Expression pattern of heat shock proteins (Hsp) 72/73 and glucose regulated protein (Grp) 94 was studied in liver, kidney and testis of rats injected with sublethal doses of ammonium metavanadate (5 mg/kg/day). In addition, some batches of animals were given green tea decoction, known to be rich in anti-oxidative compounds, as sole beverage in order to evaluate its protective properties. In control animals, the stress proteins expression was found to be organ-dependent: anti-Grp94 antibody revealed two bands at 96 and 98 kDa in kidney and liver whereas the 98 kDa band only was found in testis; anti-Hsp72/73 antibody revealed that the constitutive Hsp73 was present in all organs whereas the inducible Hsp72 was only present in kidney and testis. In kidney of vanadium-treated rats, Hsp73 was over-expressed by about 50% whereas Hsp72 was down-regulated by 50-80%. No such effects were observed in liver and testis. In liver and kidney of vanadium-treated rats, Grp94 was over-expressed by 50% and 150% respectively whereas no change was found in testis. In rats given green tea as sole beverage, the 96 kDa protein expression level in liver was reduced both in controls and in vanadium-treated animals. However, green tea drinking failed to prevent the vanadium-induced Hsp72 under-expression in kidney of vanadium-treated rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Preliminary studies on the differential removal of products formed in the DNA of various rat organs after chronic administration of a low dose of zinc.

Metals can bind to various sites on the bases, the phosphate groups and/or sugars in DNA, depending on the physico-chemical characteristics of the metal ion. Up till now most studies concerned with the interaction of metal ions with DNA and polynucleotides have been carried out in vitro. In the present study, 23 ppm Zn2+ was administered chronically to rats in the drinking water for periods up to 1 week, after which the DNA was isolated from liver, kidney, ileum, colon and brain. The DNA was subsequently hydrolysed and the purine bases separated on Sephadex G-10. Three products of metalation were eluted. There were differences in the overall levels of metalation and in the capacity of the different organs to remove the major product of metalation from the DNA: after 7 days the Zn2+ content of this adduct in brain and kidney was 2 and 4 times respectively that of the controls, but in colon and ileum it had returned to control values, despite the continued administration of Zn2+.

Adenine↗
PubMed1995

Concentrations of metal elements in mouse organs after intratracheal administration of coal fly ash.

Size-density fractionated coal fly ash particles, 1-5 microns in diameter and 2.4-2.8 g/cm3 in density, were administered to mouse lungs intratracheally. The change in the concentrations of metal elements in the lungs, kidneys, livers and spleens was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy up to 16 weeks after administration. In the lungs, each elemental concentration increased 1 week after administration and decreased thereafter with time after administration. For example, the concentrations of Al were 1018 +/- 272 micrograms/g tissue at 1 week and decreased thereafter to 556 +/- 177 micrograms/g tissue at 16 weeks after administration. The concentrations of Ca, Mn and Ni decreased more rapidly than the other elements, suggesting that Ca, Mn and Ni were dissociated from the alumino-silicate matrix of the fly ash particles in the lungs. In the kidneys, the concentration of Ni significantly increased at 2, 8 and 16 weeks after administration; the concentration of Ni showed an increase of 0.4 +/- 0.2 micrograms/g over the control mouse at 16 weeks after administration. In the livers, increased concentrations of Ca and Mn were observed at 2, 4 and 16 weeks. On the other hand, no changes in the concentrations of these elements were observed in the spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The role of thyroid hormone administration in potential organ donors.

HYPOTHESIS: Levothyroxine sodium therapy should be used in brain-dead potential organ donors to reverse hemodynamic instability and to prevent cardiovascular collapse, leading to more available organs for transplantation. DESIGN: Prospective, before and after clinical study. SETTING: A surgical intensive care unit of an academic county hospital. PATIENTS: During a 12-month period (September 1, 1999, through August 31, 2000), we evaluated 19 hemodynamically unstable patients with traumatic and nontraumatic intracranial lesions, who were candidates for organ donation following brain death declaration. INTERVENTIONS: All patients were resuscitated aggressively for organ preservation by fluids, inotropic agents, and vasopressors. If, despite all measures, the patients remained hemodynamically unstable, a bolus of 1 ampule of 50% dextrose, 2 g of methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 20 U of insulin, and 20 microg of levothyroxine sodium was administered, followed by a continuous levothyroxine sodium infusion at 10 microg/h. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the total vasopressor requirement after levothyroxine therapy (mean +/- SD, 11.1 +/- 0.9 microg/kg per minute vs 6.4 +/- 1.4 microg/kg per minute, P =.02). Ten patients (53%) had complete discontinuation of vasopressors. There were no failures to reach organ donation due to cardiopulmonary arrest. CONCLUSIONS: Levothyroxine therapy plays an important role in the management of hemodynamically unstable potential organ donors by decreasing vasopressor requirements and preventing cardiovascular collapse. This may result in an increase in the quantity and quality of organs available for transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Responses to intensive training and methandrostenelone administration: II. Hormonal, organ weights, muscle weights and body composition.

The hormonal levels of the gonadotropins, the weight of selected organs and of the triceps surae as well as body composition were determined in Sprague Dawley rats at 3 and 6 weeks after intensive training with or without a methandrostenelone (Dianabol) supplement (0.35 mg/kg/day). The controls were sedentary rats of similar age and weight at the start of the experiment. The dianabol treated rats in the sedentary and exercise groups had a depression of plasma LH levels. There were no differences in body weight, specific gravity, lean body weight, fat or %fat between the two trained groups. Dianabol had no apparent effect on the measured parameters other than a depression of LH.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

Psychiatric outpatient care services in mental health organizations, United States, 1986.

In 1986, 2,967 mental health organizations, or 62 percent of all mental health organizations in the United States (including territories), offered psychiatric outpatient care services. A total of 5.6 million patient care episodes were provided by these organized outpatient services. These episodes involved a total of 47 million visits and 2.8 million additions, and represented 69 percent of all psychiatric patient care episodes in organized settings that year. Both the number of organizations with psychiatric outpatient care services and the number of outpatient additions to these organizations increased by approximately 4 percent between 1983-84 and 1986. Multiservice mental health organizations were the most prominent type of mental health organization in the provision of psychiatric outpatient care. They comprised 42 percent of the 2,967 organizations offering this type of care and were responsible for 54 percent of the outpatient additions, 53 percent of the episodes, and 54 percent of the visits. Next in importance were freestanding psychiatric outpatient clinics and separate psychiatric services in non-Federal general hospitals. They accounted for 26 percent and 17 percent, respectively, of organizations providing psychiatric outpatient care. Each provided 12 to 18 percent of outpatient additions, episodes, and visits. Over 90 percent of multiservice mental health organizations and Veterans Administration psychiatric organizations offered outpatient psychiatric care. In contrast, this form of care was offered by only 29 percent of State and county mental hospitals, 36 percent of private psychiatric hospitals, 37 percent of nonFederal general hospitals with psychiatric services, and 23 percent of residential treatment centers for emotionally disturbed children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of organized general preventive administration of iodized salt on struma incidence and ioduria in 11-16-year-old children in the Jena endemic area].

In 1988 and in 1991, i.e. two and five years after the introduction of a general iod salt supply (32 mg KJO2/kg salt) in our region, we investigated the frequency of goiters and the level of iodine excretion in urine in 504 and 336 school children of 11 to 16 years of age. In 1988 the assessment of goiter size was made by inspection and palpation according to the recommendation of WHO. 36% of the school children were found to have goiters of type I b or II. The average urine excretion of iodine amounted to 46.2 +/- 37.2 micrograms Iod/g creatinine (n = 353). In 1991 we selected school children with goiters by the same criteria and found frequency (34%) to be nearly unchanged compared to 1988. Furthermore we investigated these goiters with ultrasound and confirmed the diagnosis in 100 from 107 children. The average daily urine excretion of iodine was significantly higher in 1991 (57.7 +/- 24.8 micrograms/Iod/g creatinine, n = 328) than in 1988. However this value is below the level recommended by the WHO (minimum 75 micrograms Iod/g creatinine). Despite the increase of the iodine intake over the last years, the frequency of goiters in pubertal school children in the Jena region is endemic. This fact supports the demand for a general and sufficient iodine supply.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Unsafe injections in low-income country health settings: need for injection safety promotion to prevent the spread of blood-borne viruses.

Injections are one of the most frequently used medical procedures. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 12 billion injections are given annually, 5% of which are administered for immunization and 95% for curative purposes. Unsafe injection practices (especially needle and syringe re-use) are commonplace in low-income country health settings, and place both staff and patients at risk of infection with blood-borne viruses (BBVs). It is estimated that up to 160000 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 4.7 million hepatitis C and 16 million hepatitis B infections each year are attributable to these practices. The problem is complex and fueled by a mixture of socio-cultural, economic and structural factors. An appropriate response on the part of international organizations, governments, health administrators, community organizations and health workers, including those who work in the area of HIV/AIDS prevention, has been slow to emerge. This paper reviews the literature relating to unsafe injection practices and the transmission of BBVs in low-income countries in order to raise awareness of the issue and the consequent need to promote injection safety messages amongst both consumers and providers of health care services in these countries. The nature and extent of unsafe injection practices, the burden of blood-borne viral illness attributable to unsafe injection practices, and the factors contributing to these practices are summarized, and possible strategies for promoting injection safety discussed.

Blood-Borne Pathogens↗
PubMed1976

Red cell organic phosphates during administration of salicylates.

The effect of salicylates on erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was studied in vivo in 3 groups of healthy subjects receiving acetylsalicyclic acid (18 persons), sodium salicylate (5 persons) and salicylamide (7 persons) in therapeutic dosage. No effect was found on 2,3-DPG in any of the 3 groups. ATP was significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) when acetylsalicylic acid or sodium salicylate was given.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗