SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Neuronal specification”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

The development of laminar staining for neuron-specific enolase in the rat somatosensory cortex.

The expression of the enzyme neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the central nervous system (CNS) has been used as a developmental marker based on observations that it is expressed shortly after the arrival of afferent inputs. The immunostaining pattern of NSE was examined in the laminae of the somatosensory cortex of the rat and the relationship of this staining pattern with previous data on the timing of afferent and efferent arrival was determined. Male rat pups were sacrificed on postnatal days 1 (24 h after birth), 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15 and 20, and as an adult (over 90 days of age). Sections were stained with an anti-NSE antibody using the avidin-biotin immunocytochemical method. Sections from day 1 animals revealed stained cells in the subplate layer and cortical plate, presumably in cells destined to form layers VI and V. By day 8 there was staining in layers II, III, V and VI, the same layers that exhibited staining in the adult rat. This appears consistent with the arrival of afferents and efferents which is completed by approximately postnatal day 7. On day 10, there was a change in the staining pattern: cell staining in layer VI was decreased and then increased gradually up to adult levels by day 20. A stable pattern of NSE staining was not observed previous to day 20. These results suggest that changes in NSE expression following the initial arrival of afferents may relate to maturation of the neurons.

Aging↗

PubMed1999

Expression of neuron-specific enolase in adult rat brain following status epilepticus.

Increased levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a key glycolytic enzyme, in either the cerebrospinal fluid or the serum is correlated with both the duration and the outcome of status epilepticus. To further understand the molecular basis of seizure-induced elevations in NSE protein, we investigated NSE mRNA expression in the adult rat brain following systemic administration of kainic acid. The findings demonstrated either no change or a decrease in NSE gene expression during, and following, status epilepticus, suggesting that posttranscriptional mechanisms are responsible for seizure-induced increases in NSE protein.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1993

Inability of serum neuron-specific enolase to predict disease extent in small cell lung cancer.

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were measured before treatment in 112 patients diagnosed as having small cell lung cancer in our department. All these patients underwent exhaustive staging procedures: 53 had limited disease (LD) and 59 extensive disease (ED). Serum NSE was elevated in 83% of the patients (i.e. 71% of the patients with LD and 93% of the patients with ED). Mean values of NSE differed significantly according to disease extent. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was constructed with different cut-off levels of serum NSE in order to determine the accuracy of NSE for identifying ED. There was no level of NSE capable of predicting with sufficient accuracy the presence of ED. The best compromise was given by a threshold of 35 micrograms/l: 60% of the ED patients had a serum NSE above 35 micrograms/l but 30% of the LD patients also had a serum NSE above 35 micrograms/l.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Neuron-specific enolase--a serum tumour marker in seminoma?

The clinical significance of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a tumour marker was evaluated in 54 patients with seminoma. Before orchiectomy NSE was elevated in six out of 21 patients with stage I seminoma and 11 out of 16 patients with metastases. After orchiectomy NSE normalised in all evaluated stage I cases, but was still elevated in six out of 12 patients with metastatic disease. NSE monitored the effect of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with metastases. In some patients, increased serum NSE was found together with raised levels of human choriogonadotropin (HCG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), while in others only NSE was elevated. No false positive NSE values were observed. NSE seems to be a clinically worthwhile serum tumour marker for monitoring seminoma patients, with a sensitivity and specificity of the same order as HCG.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed2005

Neuron-specific enolase and lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels in lung cancer have been investigated widely; however, their diagnostic values have not yet been clarified. The authors investigated the diagnostic validity of NSE in BALF and serum in lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective case-control study, NSE levels in BALF (B-NSE) and serum (S-NSE) of 3 groups of subjects were analyzed: control subjects (group 1, n = 15), patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; group 2, n = 15), and lung cancer (group 3, n = 35). RESULTS: The differences in S-NSE and B-NSE levels between the groups were not significant (P > 0.05). S-NSE and B-NSE levels did not show any difference between smokers and nonsmokers, small cell lung cancer and nonsmall cell lung cancer patients, and stage I-II and stage III-IV patients in group 3 (P > 0.05). B-NSE or B-NSE/urea did not show any significance in comparison with S-NSE in the diagnosis and/or staging of malignancy (P > 0.05). S-NSE and B-NSE were well correlated with each other (r = 0.84, P = 0.000). The sensitivity of the S-NSE was 60% and the specificity was 40%. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that, although elevation of B-NSE is a well-known parameter in small cell lung cancer, it can also be elevated considerably in nonsmall cell lung cancer and COPD. Because of the significant correlation between S-NSE and B-NSE, it may be sufficient to measure S-NSE activity because it is easier and less invasive. However, NSE has no role in the exact diagnosis of lung cancer; it can only be investigated in a scientific setting.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Neuron specific enolase in asphyxiated newborns: association with encephalopathy and cerebral function monitor trace.

Neuron specific enolase (NSE) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and glutamate in CSF were investigated in the immediate postasphyctic period in 22 term newborn infants. The cerebral function monitor (CFM) pattern was also assessed and hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) was graded. NSE was significantly increased in the CSF of infants with HIE (median value 25.4 micrograms/l) compared with control infants (10.0 micrograms/l). Infants with the highest concentrations died. NSE in CSF correlated with the degree of asphyxial damage. Glutamate and NSE in CSF did not correlate, presumably due to the different time factors of the release after the insult. NSE in CSF corresponded well with the type of CFM pattern, which was also highly predictive of outcome.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗

PubMed1990

Localisation of neurone-specific enolase (ENO2) to 12p13.

We have localised the human cDNA for neurone-specific enolase (ENO2) to chromosome region 12p13 by in situ hybridisation. Two additional smaller peaks of hybridisation to specific chromosomal subregions were observed. That on chromosome 1p36 probably represents cross-hybridisation to the locus for nonneuronal enolase (ENO1), which has been previously localised to this chromosome and with which ENO2 shares homology. A further gene for a member of the enolase family may be responsible for the hybridisation to chromosome 17.

Chromosome Banding↗

PubMed1992

Serum neuron-specific enolase in diagnosis and follow-up of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), the glycolytic isoenzyme of the enolase gamma-gamma dimer, is a specific marker for the diffuse neuroendocrine system and derivative tumors (NET). Serum levels of NSE were measured in 39 patients with NET of the gastrointestinal tract (including 3 gastric and 13 intestinal carcinoid tumors, 6 gastrinomas, 3 insulinomas, 1 glucagonoma, 2 mixed islet cell tumors, 11 neuroendocrine pancreatic carcinomas), in 15 healthy subjects and in 15 nonendocrine gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal tumors. Thirty-six of the 39 patients had elevated circulating levels of NSE, 2 insulinomas and 1 gastrinoma had values below 12 ng/ml like healthy subjects and nonendocrine tumors. No significant difference of serum NSE was found between 23 'functioning' and 16 'nonfunctioning' NET. Fourteen of the NET were malignant, and NSE circulating values were significantly higher than those of nonmalignant forms. After curative surgery serum NSE decreased significantly. NSE can be considered a reliable marker in the differential diagnosis between endocrine and nonendocrine neoplasms, in the clinical detection of silent endocrine tumors and in the follow-up of NET.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Neuron-specific enolase: a serum tumor marker in malignant germ-cell tumors?

Neuron-specific enolase was determined in 100 patients with germ-cell tumors. An elevation was found in 5/18 patients with advanced seminoma and in 7/25 patients with advanced nonseminoma. Including all tumor stages of both seminoma and nonseminoma, we found less than 20% NSE-positive patients. Some of these showed false-positive or false-negative results during follow-up examinations. NSE does not seem to be a valuable tumor marker in germ-cell tumors.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1991

Concomitant monitoring of serum neuron-specific enolase and creatine kinase BB in small cell lung cancer.

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and serum creatine kinase isoenzyme BB (CK-BB) were measured in 43 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. The overall sensitivity of NSE (greater than 12.5 ng/ml) was 65%; in limited disease (LD) 48% and in extensive disease (ED) 100%. CK-BB was detected in 14 patients (32%); the sensitivity was 17% in LD and 64% in ED. During treatment NSE declined or stabilized to normal level in LD together with objective response in 75% (21/28), and rose again with progression in 28% (6/21). CK-BB fell to normal in all 5 patients with LD, in 3 of them with objective response. In ED elevated NSE and CK-BB declined to normal with objective response in 73% (8/11) and in 25% (2/8) of the evaluable patients respectively. We conclude that serum NSE is a potential marker for staging and response monitoring in SCLC, but that CK-BB gives additional information of limited value.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed2006

Protein expression of human neuron-specific enolase and its antiserum preparation.

OBJECTIVE: To clone and express human neuron-specific enolase (HuNSE) protein and prepare NSE-specific antibody for prion disease diagnosis. METHODS: HuNSE gene was amplified by RT-PCR and subcloned into a HIS-tagged expression vector pQE30 after sequence verification. HIS-NSE fusion protein expression was obtained in E. coli M15 after IPTG induction followed by purification of the fusion protein by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Two male rabbits were immunized for 4 times with the purified protein, and the antiserum against NSE protein was collected and evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: SDS-PAGE assay yielded an approximately 22 kD HIS-NSE fusion protein. The prepared antiserum could recognize both recombinant NSE protein and native NSE protein extracted from the brain tissues of different mammalian species as shown by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: High expression of HuNSE is obtained in E. coli and the prepared antiserum against HuNSE can be used potentially for diagnosis of prion-associated diseases and other nervous degeneration diseases.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Purification and characterization of neuron-specific gamma gamma enolase from human neuroblastoma: comparison with the brain enzyme.

Neuron-specific gamma gamma enolase was purified from a neuroblastoma tissue obtained at surgical resection. The final preparation showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with a mobility identical to that of gamma gamma enolase purified from human brain. The values of specific activity (about 80 units/mg), optimal pH (6.9), and Km for 2-phosphoglycerate (about 3 X 10(-5) M) of gamma gamma enolase purified from neuroblastoma were very similar to those of gamma gamma enolase purified from brain. The results of peptide mapping analysis after limited proteolysis, and amino acid analysis also indicate there was no difference between the enzymes purified from neuroblastoma and brain.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1984

[Evaluation of neuron-specific enolase as a new tumor marker for carcinoma of the lung].

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a tumor marker for carcinoma of the lung was evaluated by immunostaining or enzyme immunoassay. NSE productions were immunocytochemically detected in most of small cell carcinoma and a few cases of other histological type of carcinoma. The data obtained in this study suggested that NSE is a marker for lung carcinoma which exhibit the properties of neuroendocrine tumors and is not a marker for histogenesis of small cell carcinoma of the lung. Serum NSE analysis is suggested to be useful for the evaluation of disease extent, monitoring the clinical course and prediction of sensitivity to cytotoxic treatments.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1983

Evaluation of serum neuron-specific enolase as a tumor marker for carcinoma of the lung.

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was measured in 80 normal subjects, 20 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) and 54 patients with non-small cell carcinoma (non-SCCL). The mean value in the control group was 2.1 +/- 0.4 ng/ml (range, from 1.3 to 3.0 ng/ml). Serum levels exceeding 7.5 ng/ml were tentatively defined as positive. Thirteen of 20 patients (65%) with SCCL had positive serum NSE levels, whereas 6 of 54 patients (11%) with non-SCCL had positive levels. Positive NSE in sera of patients was observed only in patients with advanced clinical stage of SCCL or non-SCCL. No correlation between serum NSE levels and metastatic sites could be found. The serum NSE levels in subtypes of SCCL were positive in 9 of 10 patients with oat cell carcinoma and 4 of 10 patients with intermediate cell carcinoma. Histological types of all positive cases with non-SCCL included large cell carcinoma. Serum NSE levels changed in parallel with the clinical course during the treatments. The data suggested that serum NSE may be a useful marker for monitoring the clinical course of lung carcinoma, especially of SCCL. Furthermore, the detection of NSE in non-SCCL is of interest in relation to the histogenesis of lung carcinomas which exhibit the properties of neuroendocrine tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Protein III, a neuron-specific phosphoprotein: variant forms found in human brain.

Protein III is a neuron-specific phosphoprotein which consists of two polypeptides, IIIa (Mr 74 kD) and IIIb (Mr 55 kD). This phosphoprotein has previously been shown to be associated with synaptic vesicles. In the present investigation, we have examined Protein III in human brain tissue. In contrast to observations in rat brain, where only one form of Protein IIIb (Mr 55 kD) has been found, in human brain tissue three variants of Protein IIIb, designated Protein IIIb1 (Mr 55 kD), Protein IIIb2 (Mr 57 kD) and Protein IIIb3 (Mr 59 kD), were observed by both biochemical and immunochemical assays. Protein IIIa from human brain also exhibited three variants in electrophoretic mobility. Peptide maps of Proteins IIIa and IIIb revealed that the differences in electrophoretic mobility of the variants of these proteins were preserved in variants (Mr 18kD, Mr20kD, and Mr22kD) of a smaller peptide fragment. These variant forms of Protein III were studied in brains from individuals without any history of neurological or psychiatric illness, as well as from individuals who had suffered from one of several types of neuropathological conditions, such as chronic alcoholism, Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct dementia, and Parkinson's disease. Some differences were observed in the distribution of variants among the various clinical categories.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Treatment monitoring of patients with small cell lung cancer by determining levels of serum neuron specific enolase].

The correlation between response to chemotherapy and the serum level of neuron specific enolase NSE as well as value of the test for predicting relapse has been evaluated in 41 patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). A significant decrease of the mean NSE level in comparison with the pretreatment value was observed (p = 0.01). At the time of relapse the mean level increased significantly (p = 0.005). In 9 out of 19 responders to chemotherapy (47.3%) increase of the NSE level above the normal value preceded clinically diagnosed relapse by 3-6 weeks. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the test in treatment monitoring of patients with SCLC.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Demonstration of differential immunohistochemical localization of the neuron-specific enolase antigen in rat pinealocytes.

A refined method for the immunohistological demonstration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) on 1- to 2-micron Epon-812 section gave characteristic staining of cerebral and cerebellar neurons. This method has made it possible to obtain a more detailed characterization of the heterogeneity of rat pinealocytes in the superficial portion of the rat pineal complex. Thirty adult male rats have been studied, five of which were used in a photometric analysis of the distribution of NSE. Pinealocytes stained either intensely or weakly for the NSE antigen and exhibited an uneven distribution within a given region. Further analysis of the gland revealed a distal to proximal decrease in stain intensity. It is suggested that the more strongly stained cells, being concentrated distally, are under sympathetic control.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Activity of neuron-specific enolase in normal and lesioned rat brain.

Rat brain contains 3 forms of enolase, a neuron-specific form (NSE), a hybrid form, and a non-neuronal form (NNE) which were separated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The enolase activity corresponding to each form of the enzyme eluted from the columns was determined spectrophotometrically. Using this assay procedure, an activity ratio (%NNE/%NSE) was calculated for cerebellum, brainstem, sciatic nerve, adrenals and liver. The results indicated excellent agreement between this enzymatically determined ratio and published values of a similar ratio (NNE/NSE) determined by radioimmunoassay for enzyme protein. Following in vivo destruction of neurons by intracerebral injection of the selective neurotoxin, kainic acid, there was a significant decrease in the activity of NSE and hybrid enolase (neuronal forms) and no change in the activity of NNE (glial form). These data indicate that separation and measurement of enolase species is useful to determine levels of these species in normal tissue and to estimate neuronal damage biochemically in brain lesions.

Animals↗