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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Does the stomach remain silent after neonatal loss of its original pacemaker?: gastric motility in long-term survivors of neonatal gastric rupture.

Gastric peristaltic contractions are controlled by an intrinsic electrical pacemaker located in the mid-body along the greater curve. This study was undertaken to investigate gastric motility in long-term survivors of neonatal gastric rupture who were surgically deprived of their original pacemaker. Four patients, 1 boy and 3 girls, aged between 6 and 12 years were studied. Physiological activity of the gastric remnant was assessed in terms of electrical as well as peristaltic functions by means of electrogastrography and video-recorded barium swallow study. Electrical and mechanical pacing activities were classified into normogastria or dysrhythmia (brady- or tachygastria) according to their frequencies. In these patients, ectopic pacemakers were found to be arising just distal to the site of resection along the greater curve. Electrophysiologically, one patient was diagnosed as having normogastria, and other 3 patients were found to have dysrhythmia (2, bradygastria; 1, tachygastria) on the basis of electrogastrographic analyses. In two of three patients studied further by fluoroscopy, electrical activity agreed well with peristaltic activity. In one patient, however, electrical tachygastria was associated with peristaltic bradygastria. In conclusion, an ectopic pacemaker arises in the stomach that does not remain silent after neonatal surgical loss of its own pacemaker. Noninvasive electrogastrography seems useful in assessing electrical potentials generated by the ectopic pacemaker.

Barium↗
PubMed1983

Fetal and neonatal metabolism in the pup of a canine diabetic mother. Fasting circulating fuels and neonatal glucose turnover.

The metabolic effects of previously induced alloxan diabetes were investigated among fasted newborn dogs during the first day of life. Maternal insulin-dependent diabetes resulted in enhanced maternal and fetal blood glucose and ketone bodies, while postnatal levels of these substrates were not altered. Plasma insulin levels were augmented in the fetus and neonate (3 and 6 h of age) of the diabetic mother, while pancreatic insulin content was also enhanced at fetal and 3 h of age. Circulating free fatty acid levels were diminished among pups born to diabetic mothers (IDM pups) at 3 and 6 h of age, while glycerol levels were unaffected. Nevertheless, plasma triglyceride concentrations were elevated in pups of diabetic mothers during fetal and at 3 and 6 h of newborn fasting. Systemic glucose turnover was not altered in pups of diabetic mothers at 3, 9, or 24 h, while at 6 h, glucose turnover appeared enhanced in IDM pups, which was due in part to a decline of glucose production between 3 and 6 h among controls. Gluconeogenesis was attenuated at 9 h of age among IDM pups, but increased by 24 h of age. Hyperinsulinism in the presence of unaltered glucose turnover with attenuated free fatty acid levels suggest that neonatal canine glucose production from hepatic glycogen is less sensitive to insulin's effect than is the lipolysis-lipid reesterification cycle. Gluconeogenesis from lactate may be unnecessary if glycogenolysis is able to support systemic and hepatic substrate requirements, while insulin mediated lipid synthesis may augment tissue triglyceride deposits.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

Cutaneous neonatal lupus erythematosus in Chinese neonates.

Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is a well established subset of Lupus erythematous (LE). Three chinese female neonates presented to our Skin Centre, from May 1990 to May 1991 with NLE. All had skin lesions without congenital heart block and systemic problems. Two had photosensitive annular erythematous lesions on scalp, urticarial lesions on body, and one with facial atrophy, with aplasia cutis congenita. The biopsies were non specific while one had C3 in vessel walls. The major serogical marker was anti La antibody/SSB in two babies and anti Ro antibody/SSA in one. Two mothers were known cases of LE and one, was undiagnosed. Two infants were treated with short term low dose prednisolone. The infants will require long term follow up with paediatricians, in view of the fact that they can develop SLE later. The diagnosis of NLE is emphasised in infants with facial lesions to avoid delay in diagnosis, and full work up in both infants and mother is necessary.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pregnancy and labor associated with encephalopathy in neonates during the early neonatal period].

Pregnancy complications, drugs and surgical interventions during pregnancy, fetal growth, medications and interventions during labor, labor complications as well as fetal heart activity during labor in a group of 114 term infants without malformations, but with signs of central nervous system (CNS) damage throughout early neonatal period are compared with paired group of term healthy infants born in the same presentation and mode of delivery. Among prelabor factors only maternal hypertension (found in 16.7% of encephalopathy children versus 0.8% in a control group) was significantly correlated with CNS damage. Fetal growth retardation and long term ritodrine administration were found more frequent in encephalopathy than in healthy group of infants, although statistical significance between the groups could not be demonstrated. A prolonged second stage of labor, high oxytocin dosage, too frequent uterine contractions and vacuum extractions were found significantly correlated with neonatal encephalopathy. CTG pattern during labor was normal in only 28.9% of children, with encepalopathy prepathologic in 46.4% and pathologic in 24.7%. The respective percentages for healthy newborns were: 82.5%, 16.25% and 1.2%. All differences between the groups were statistically significant. Mean duration of prepathologic CTG score in the group of infants with encephalopathy (78.8 minutes) as well as of pathologic score (51.7 minutes) was significantly longer than in healthy infants (23.7 minutes prepathologic and 7 minutes pathologic).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2006

[Expression of p53 in neonatal mice following hypoxia-ischemia and effects of its inhibitor on neonatal brain injury].

OBJECTIVE: p53-induced apoptosis is crucial in the development of hypoxic-ischemia (HI) brain damage and neurodegenerative disorders. Some experimental research has shown that a synthetic inhibitor of p53 can protect neurons against apoptosis. This study aimed to explore the expression of p53 in neonatal mice following HI brain damage and the effect of p53 inhibitor (pifithrin-alpha, PFT-alpha) on brain damage. METHODS: HI was induced in 9-day-old mice pups by ligation of left carotid artery and 10% oxygen exposure for 55 minutes. The pups were sacrificed and the brains were taken out at 3, 8, 24, and 72 hrs post-HI. The brains were sectioned and stained with antibody against p53 and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2). PFT-alpha was injected intraperitoneally: in experiment 1, immediately after HI with different dosages (1, 2 and 8 mg/kg); in experiment 2, 2 mg/kg at different HI times (1 hr before HI, and immediately and 1 hr after HI). Control animals without HI received injections of 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide. Brain damage was evaluated by gross morphology scoring at 72 hrs after HI. RESULTS: The number of p53 positive cells in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum of the ipsilateral hemisphere increased significantly and peaked at 3-8 hrs post-HI when compared with those of contralateral hemisphere as well as normal controls. The positive cells distributed mainly in the MAP-2 negative area. Both different dosages and different injection time PFT-alpha treatment did not reduce the extent of brain damage. CONCLUSIONS: The immunoactivity of p53 increased significantly as early as 3 hrs post-HI. The distribution area of p53 expression was consistent with that of brain damage. The p53 inhibitor PFT-alpha has no protective effects against HI brain damage in neonatal mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A study of lipid peroxidation in neonates--(1) Daily change of serum lipid peroxides in full term neonates].

Lipid peroxide has been highlighted as a possible marker of cell destruction by oxygen derived free radical reactions. We, therefore, examined serum lipid peroxides, malondialdehydes (MDA) in 106 healthy full term neonates (aged 0.5 to 317 hrs, averaged 79.3 +/- 69.9 hrs). Their lipid peroxides in capillary blood were determined by the luminescence method (Yagi method). Based on our data, we conclude as follows: 1) MDA concentrations were influenced by the serum bilirubin concentrations. We, therefore, adjusted our data according to the serum bilirubin concentrations. 2) We found significantly higher values of MDA (4.76 +/- 1.35 nmol.ml-1) than those in adult (3.12 +/- 0.35 nmol.ml-1). In fact, these values increased gradually on the second day, and the high values were maintained until the fifth day. 3) The values of MDA and total bilirubin concentrations in the vaginally delivered neonates were significantly higher than those delivered by Cesarean section (P less than 0.05). 4) There were no correlations between the values of MDA and values of other serum lipid and bilirubin.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurologic consequences of the neonatal respiratory syndrome in full-term and pre-term neonates].

Neonatal respiratory distress (N.R.D.) must be carefully dealt considering the high death risk as well as the possible neurologic damage in the survivors. Optimal perinatal management allowed a considerable reduction in neonatal mortality without involving, despite expectations, an increase in neurologic handicaps. In this contest we have considered 20 newborn infants affected by N.R.D. who revealed symptoms of neurologic distress at birth. Neurologic assessments were performed by a pediatrician immediately after birth and at regular intervals during hospitalization; special attention was paid to reflexes and neurologic behaviour. All study children were seen for neuro-development assessments at 3, 5 and 12 months from the date of delivery. Except for 2 who died, all the children we studied proved to have a normal psychomotorious development and no alterations were registered by the audiometric examinations. In order to avoid all neurologic handicaps the importance of the most qualified assistence is then stressed.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Neonatal hypotension: two years' experience in a neonatal intensive care nursery.

Routine measurement of blood pressure in high risk neonates admitted to the intensive care nursery during a 2 year period resulted in detection of 18 infants with persistent hypotension requiring definitive treatment. The perinatal events in these babies were compared to those in a control group of infants. No single well defined factor responsible for neonatal hypotension could be found in the antenatal period or during labour. However 14 of the 18 babies were asphyxiated at the time of admission compared to 6 of 18 controls (p less than 0.02). Seventeen of 18 babies were preterm. Treatment consisted of maintenance of ventilation, oxygenation and acid-base status, volume expansion when indicated and inotropic agents. Nine of the 18 hypotensive babies died compared to 1 of 18 controls. Failure to respond within a few hours of commencement of treatment indicated poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Neonatal evaluation by nurses in a neonatal special care unit.

The value of a nursing questionnaire in the evaluation of preterm infants during their stay in the neonatal special care unit was studied. The questions were related to feeding, crying, sleeping, motoric process, tremor and stress, state control, position, sensory capabilities and parental attitudes. In general, questions were answered in 95%, but the questions related to sensory capabilities were only answered in 30%. Evaluation by the nurses of feeding, crying, motoric process, tremor and parental attitudes correlated well with observational data and with the results of a neurological examination. It was concluded that evaluation by the nurses using a questionnaire can be of value in neonatal units, especially when detailed observations or a systematic neurological examination are not feasible.

Behavior↗
PubMed1982

Surface immunoglobulin on rabbit lymphoid cells. VII. Binding of exogenous Ig by neonatal lymphocytes and ability of aggregated Ig in neonatal sera to bind to adult cells.

The expression of endogenous and exogenous surface immunoglobulin (sIg) on the surface peripheral blood lymphocytes from adult and neonatal rabbits has been examined. Endogenous and exogenous sIg on rabbit lymphocytes differ in ultrastructural appearance and modulation characteristics. At 0 degree C immunoferritin-labeled endogenous sIg appears as small flat patches on the surface membrane whereas exogenous Ig appears as large ramose clumps. Immunoferritin-labeled endogenous Ig undergoes endocytosis at 37 degrees C, whereas exogenous Ig is shed or sloughed from the cell membrane within 60-90 min at 37 degrees C. Ig from serum or plasma which has been frozen and thawed shows a high degree of binding to peripheral blood lymphocytes, whereas Ig from fresh serum or plasma shows little or no binding. Aggregated Ig from both adult and newborn sera are able to bind to lymphocyte Fc receptors and both adult and neonatal PBLs are able to bind exogenous aggregated Ig.

Aging↗
PubMed1995

The expression of collagen mRNAs in normally developing neonatal rabbit long bones and after treatment of neonatal and adult rabbit tibiae with transforming growth factor-beta 2.

Normal transverse growth of long bones is by periosteal appositional bone formation, balanced by endosteal resorption. Changes in the distribution of cells that are expressing collagen mRNAs during growth were determined using digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes. In neonatal rabbit tibiae osteoblasts expressing type I collagen mRNA are found on periosteal, and at early stages on endosteal, bone surfaces and lining peripheral cavities. Occasional osteocytes express type I collagen mRNA very weakly. The pattern is disrupted when transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) is injected daily into the periosteum of neonatal animals; there is increased bone, and later cartilage, formation. Three injections of 20 ng TGF-beta 2 onto the tibia of 3-day-old rabbits led to an increase of periosteal osteoblasts that express the mRNA for type I collagen. Some endosteal osteoblasts and osteocytes in newly-formed peripheral woven bone also express the mRNA. After five injections chondrocytes expressing type II collagen mRNA are found around the injection site. Similar injections of TGF-beta 2 in old rabbits induce only fibrous tissue within which some cells express type I collagen mRNA. This precise localization of mRNAs shows that the expression of type I or II collagen mRNA is here restricted to osteoblasts and chondrocytes, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Left ovarian cyst and right streak ovary in a neonate with a normal karyotype. Report of a case of neonatal Slotnick-Goldfarb syndrome or recessive gonadal dysgenesis.

A female neonate with a streak ovary on one side and huge ovarian cyst on the other side is presented. Her karyotype was 46,XX. Adnexectomy was mandatory, leaving the patient with a single streak gonad. Whether this infant has the recessive form of gonadal dysgenesis with one ovary, streak or hypoplastic, replaced by a cyst or the Slotnick-Goldfarb syndrome is impossible to elucidate at present. The potential implications of a streak gonad, either related to gonadal dysgenesis or as a possible source of neoplasia, are reviewed. Current approaches to an ovarian cyst and streak ovary in the neonatal period are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of rectal and axillary temperatures in neonates admitted to a neonatal unit.

To determine whether axillary temperature could be used as an alternative to rectal temperature, 45 neonates were subjected to simultaneous rectal temperature and axillary temperature recordings. Each baby had an average of 10 recordings over the first 72 hours. The mean of these readings was taken and subjected to regression analysis and the 't' paired test. The overall mean difference between the rectal and axillary temperature was 0.3 degrees F. The mean difference was least in preterm small for date (SFD) babies (0.2 degrees F) and most in preterm appropriate for date (AFD) babies (0.5 degrees F). The mean difference was less in incubator babies (0.2 degrees F) compared to those in warmer cradles (0.4 degrees F). The regression analysis showed that the correlation was good in all groups except the term small for date babies. We conclude that axillary temperature could be used as an alternative to rectal temperature in neonates.

Axilla↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal fellowship. Neonatal pneumopericardium: successful treatment with nitrogen washout technique.

Pneumopericardium in the neonate is a rare event but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We describe a neonate with mild respiratory distress and cardiovascular compromise after delivery and resuscitation. A large isolated pneumopericardium was diagnosed. Treatment with an oxygen hood (FiO2 1.00) resulted in a complete resolution of the pneumopericardium within 12 hours.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Central-venous access through the peripheral route in surgical neonates: an audit of 125 consecutive lines from a regional neonatal centre.

A long Percutaneous silastic IV line is frequently used in surgical neonates for infusion of hyperosmolar parenteral nutrition fluid into a central vein for several days without the need for operative insertion of a Broviac catheter or risks of direct puncture of a central vein. Our study was aimed at auditing the performance of 125 consecutive lines over a 2-year period. During this period, insertion was attempted in 125 babies; in 13 cases the line could not be inserted because of technical problems. The gestational ages varied between 25 and 41 weeks and weights between 630 g and 4.2 kg. Success did not appear to be related to the age or weight of the baby. The mean duration of complication-free performance was 22.4 days. There was a significant difference between the complication rate of lines inserted in the operating theatre versus those on the ward (P < 0.05). There was no significant increase in complications in lines used for over 4 weeks. The technique adopted by us for inserting these lines is likely to succeed in the majority of cases, including premature and small-for-dates babies. In our experience, lines inserted in the controlled theatre environment either before or after abdominal surgery performed better. The manufacturer's recommendation to electively change the line every 4 weeks needs further prospective evaluation.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Embracing bioethics in neonatal intensive care, part II: case histories in neonatal ethics.

Ethical treatment dilemmas are not new to the NICU. With technologic advances over the past 20 years, NICU care has developed rapidly, and survival rates have improved for some of the tiniest and most critically ill infants. In guiding clinical practice, however, standards in evidenced- based medicine have often superseded standards in evidence-based ethics. Neonatal nurses attain a more in-depth understanding of the clinical significance of the four principles of bioethics: autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. Case studies illustrate the principles discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Outcome of neonatal screening for hearing loss in neonatal intensive care unit and well-born nursery infants].

A newborn hearing screening was conducted on 319 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and 1200 well-born nursery (WBN) infants. Mean NICU birth weight was 1997 g and mean gestational age 34 weeks. Auditory brainstem response was studied in screening in NICU infants. Otoacoustic emission (OAE) or automated auditory brainstem response (AABR) was used in primary WBN screening. All infants not bilaterally passing hearing screening before discharge were recalled for outpatient retesting. If the outcome was still failure, ABR screening was conducted. The prevalence of infants diagnosed with hearing loss was 1.1% (16 of 1519). Of these 16, 75% were from the NICU and 75% were at risk for hearing loss. Mean age at hearing loss identification was 12.9 weeks in the WBN and mean age at hearing aid fitting was 16.1 weeks. Mean age at hearing aid fitting was lower for WBN than for NICU infants. Hearing loss identification and hearing aid fitting are thus feasible in NICU and WBN infants in universal newborn hearing screening.

Female↗
PubMed2001

Neonatal seizures: background EEG activity and the electroclinical correlation in full-term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Analysis by computer-synchronized long-term polygraphic video-EEG monitoring.

Between 1994 and 2000, 30 full-term newborns affected by seizures secondary to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, underwent computerised, polygraphic, video-EEG recordings during the first 48 hours of life, in our neonatal intensive care unit. In this longitudinal study, recordings lasted an average of 10.5 hours. We studied EEG ictal discharges that lacked a clinical correlate, the semeiotics, and the electroclinical correlation during seizures, by reviewing the time-synchronised, video-EEG recordings obtained during these six years. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between background EEG activity and the electroclinical correlation or dissociation of the seizures. When background activity was depressed and undifferentiated, the seizures were characterised by the electroclinical dissociation except in instances of focal tonic seizures. With all other background patterns, seizures were invariably accompanied by the electrical correlate, the only exception being ocular signs and oral-buccal-lingual movements, which occurred both with and without paroxysmal discharges. Ocular signs and oral-buccal-lingual movements were very frequent and were observed with all patterns of background activity. Only on one occasion were they the sole clinical expression of seizures. In our patients, the electroclinical dissociation was constant only if background EEG activity was depressed and undifferentiated. The constant electroclinical dissociation of seizures was closely correlated with the type of background activity, which, in turn, is indicative of severe cerebral damage. (Published with videosequences.)

Cerebral Cortex↗