Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Muscle Relaxation”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Progressive muscle relaxation, yoga stretching, and ABC relaxation theory.

This study compared the psychological effects of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and yoga stretching (hatha) exercises. Forty participants were randomly divided into two groups and taught PMR or yoga stretching exercises. Both groups practiced once a week for five weeks and were given the Smith Relaxation States Inventory before and after each session. As hypothesized, practitioners of PMR displayed higher levels of relaxation states (R-States) Physical Relaxation and Disengagement at Week 4 and higher levels of Mental Quiet and Joy as a posttraining aftereffect at Week 5. Contrary to what was hypothesized, groups did not display different levels of R-States Energized or Aware. Results suggest the value of supplementing traditional somatic conceptualizations of relaxation with the psychological approach embodied in ABC relaxation theory. Clinical and research implications are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Role of the L-citrulline/L-arginine cycle in iNANC nerve-mediated nitric oxide production and airway smooth muscle relaxation in allergic asthma.

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) converts L-arginine into nitric oxide (NO) and L-citrulline. In NO-producing cells, L-citrulline can be recycled to L-arginine in a two-step reaction involving argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) and -lyase (ASL). In guinea pig trachea, L-arginine is a limiting factor in neuronal nNOS-mediated airway smooth muscle relaxation upon inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic (iNANC) nerve stimulation. Moreover, in a guinea pig model of asthma iNANC nerve-induced NO production and airway smooth muscle relaxation are impaired after the allergen-induced early asthmatic reaction, due to limitation of L-arginine. Using guinea pig tracheal preparations, we now investigated whether (i) the L-citrulline/L-arginine cycle is active in airway iNANC nerves and (ii) the NO deficiency after the early asthmatic reaction involves impaired L-citrulline recycling. Electrical field stimulation-induced relaxation was measured in tracheal open-rings precontracted with histamine. L-citrulline as well as the ASL inhibitor succinate did not affect electrical field stimulation-induced relaxation under basal conditions. However, reduced relaxation induced by a submaximal concentration of the NOS inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine was restored by L-citrulline, which was prevented by the additional presence of succinate or the ASS inhibitor alpha-methyl-D,L-aspartate. Remarkably, the impaired iNANC relaxation after the early asthmatic reaction was restored by L-citrulline. In conclusion, the L-citrulline/L-arginine cycle is operative in guinea pig iNANC nerves in the airways and may be effective under conditions of low L-arginine utilization by nNOS (caused by NOS inhibitors), and during reduced L-arginine availability after allergen challenge. Enzymatic dysfunction in the L-citrulline/L-arginine cycle appears not to be involved in the L-arginine limitation and reduced iNANC activity after the early asthmatic reaction.

Allergens↗
PubMed1994

The role of gastric muscle relaxation in cytoprotection induced by san-huang-xie-xin-tang in rats.

We examined the mechanism of the protective effect of San-huang-xie-xin-tang (SHXT), a traditional oriental drug, on the gastric mucosa. SHXT, given intraduodenally, inhibited the gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. SHXT, given orally 30 min before the administration of aspirin, HCl-aspirin and ethanol, protected the gastric mucosa from these agent-induced gastric lesions, although it had no effect on the gastric lesions induced by indomethacin and water immersion stress. Oral administration of SHXT increased gastric contents (muscle relaxation) when they were measured 30 min after SHXT administration. SHXT also inhibited carbachol-contracted gastric muscle in vitro. Neither increased gastric contents nor inhibited ethanol lesions of SHXT were observed when these were tested 4 h after SHXT administration. Pretreatment with indomethacin which is a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, and N-ethylmaleimide which is a sulfhydryl blocker did not influence either the increased gastric contents or inhibited ethanol lesions of SHXT. These results indicate that gastric muscle relaxation plays an important role in the gastric protective mechanisms of SHXT, and the endogenous prostaglandins and the sulfhydryl compounds are not necessary for the action of SHXT.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Tracheal intubation after induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone or propofol without muscle relaxants.

This study was designed to compare the ease of performing laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxants after the induction of anaesthesia with either thiopentone or propofol in 106 patients scheduled for elective surgery. Thiopentone (5 mg/kg) or propofol (2.5 mg/kg), supplemented with lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg) and alfentanil (30 micrograms/kg), were used in random order for the induction of anaesthesia. Jaw tone, visualisation of the larynx, position of vocal cords, ease of intubation and tolerance of the tracheal tube were assessed. The jaw was relaxed and the vocal cords were immobile/open in most patients in both groups. Visualisation of the larynx was good in 60 and 46% and intubation was easy in 48 and 22% of the patients given thiopentone and propofol, respectively (P less than 0.05 between groups for intubation). After induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone or propofol, endotracheal intubation is not recommended without the use of muscle relaxants.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Elastic pressure-volume curves indicate derecruitment after a single deep expiration in anaesthetised and muscle-relaxed healthy man.

BACKGROUND: In acute respiratory distress syndrome, lung volume is lost immediately after positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is removed and is not immediately regained when PEEP is restored to its original value. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the same phenomenon also occurs in cardiopulmonary healthy individuals during anaesthesia and muscle relaxation. METHODS: In 13 anaesthetised and muscle-relaxed patients, inspiratory elastic pressure-volume (Pel-V) curves were, after lung recruitment, obtained from zero end-expiratory airway pressure (ZEEP) and from a PEEP of 5 cmH2O. The curves were aligned on a common volume axis. Differences in lung volumes and compliance (Crs) were calculated at the different airway pressures. RESULTS: At comparable pressures the ZEEP curve showed significantly lower volumes up to an airway pressure of 25 cmH2O. Maximum Crs was similar on the curves obtained from ZEEP and PEEP. However, the lower segments of the curve recorded from PEEP showed lower Crs compared to the curve recorded from ZEEP. CONCLUSION: During anaesthesia and muscle paralysis, the Pel-V relations change immediately when 5 cmH2O of PEEP is removed. This phenomenon is probably mainly caused by closure of small airways and only in a minor part, if any, by formation of atelectasis. This study indicates that under these conditions lung volume might easily be normalised by a large breath producing an airway pressure of 20 cmH2O.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A new radioimmunoassay using a commercially available solid support for the detection of IgE antibodies against muscle relaxants.

It is well established that muscle-relaxant drugs may be responsible for anaphylactoid reactions during anesthesia. In this study, we developed an in vitro test with a commercially available solid phase for the detection of specific IgE directed to the tertiary or quaternary ammonium groups of neuromuscular-blocking drugs. The solid-phase complex was P-aminophenylphosphoryl-choline (PAPPC) immobilized on agarose, and an RIA was performed with an antihuman IgE labeled with 125I. The results, expressed as the percentage of 125I-labeled anti-IgE linked to the solid phase, were at 0.41 +/- 0.19 for 34 control sera from nonallergic healthy adults, with an upper limit estimated at 1%. The values obtained with the sera of 31 allergic patients ranged from 0.6% to 41% with a sensitivity of 97%. The specificity and the positive predictive value of the PAPPC RIA were 97% and 94%, respectively. These results were compared with results of other RIAs with morphine, trimethylamine, triethylamine immobilized on epoxy-activated Sepharose, and choline hydrochloride immobilized on Sepharose (quaternary ammonium Sepharose RIA) and with Phadebas RAST succinylcholine and Phadebas RAST alcuronium. The PAPPC RIA appears to be the most efficient test to screen sera for the presence of IgE antibodies directed to neuromuscular-blocking drugs. One major advantage is that this solid phase is commercially available and ready to use. This advantage will improve the accuracy in the comparison of the results with results from different laboratories.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1977

Anaesthetic considerations on von Recklinghausen's disease (multiple neurofibromatosis). Abnormal response to muscle relaxants.

Two cases of abnormal response to muscle relaxants in patients with von Recklinghausen's disease are reported and the literature is reviewed. A 31 year-old female showed high sensitivity to both suxamethonium and tubocurarine, and 57 year-old male showed also high sensitivity to tubocurarine. Anaesthetic problems which might be encountered in patients with von Recklinghausen's disease are concomitant phaeochromocytoma, renal hypertension, kyphoscoliosis, deformity of the spine, and intralaryngeal neurofibroma.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Synthesis of some indane derivatives of central muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant profiles.

A series of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)indane derivatives 1a-f, 2a-e and 3a-f were synthesized to investigate their central muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant activities. The synthesized compounds 1a-f, 2a-e and 3a-f were found to be devoid of central muscle relaxant activity using meprobamate (100 mg/kg) as a reference standard. However, they showed remarkable anticonvulsant properties in a dose of 80 mg/kg (s.c.) compared with diphenylhydantoin sodium (80 mg/kg) as a reference standard.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Interactions of calcium channel blockers with non-depolarising muscle relaxants in vitro.

The effects of two calcium channel blockers (verapamil and nicardipine) on indirectly elicited muscle twitch and possible interactions between these drugs and non-depolarising muscle relaxants (vecuronium, atracurium, pancuronium) were investigated using isolated rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations. Both verapamil 10(-5) M and nicardipine 10(-6) M caused significant depression of twitch amplitude. Verapamil significantly increased vecuronium- and atracurium-induced neuromuscular block, but not that produced by pancuronium. Nicardipine potentiated atracurium-induced neuromuscular block but had no effect on pancuronium- and vecuronium-induced twitch depression. Neostigmine 10(-6) M did not produce any significant changes in the maximal recovery of twitch depression induced with calcium channel blockers and muscle relaxants combinations; also, neostigmine had no effect on maximal recovery time of twitch depression.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Lack of effect of acute hypoxia and hypercapnia on muscle relaxation rate in man.

The effect of acute hypoxia and hypercapnia on skeletal muscle relaxation rate was investigated in man. The contractile force of limb muscles (quadriceps femoris and adductor pollicis) was studied in normal subjects using electrical stimulation. The twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure was used to investigate the diaphragm. The maximum relaxation rate was measured from contractions of the non-fatigued quadriceps femoris, adductor pollicis and diaphragm. Severe hypoxia (mean transcutaneous oxygen tension 40 mmHg) did not alter the maximum relaxation rate from 20 Hz stimulated contractions of the non-fatigued quadriceps. Acute hypercapnia (mean end-tidal CO2 tension 65.1 mmHg) did not significantly change the maximum relaxation rate from 20 and 100 Hz tetanic contractions of non-fatigued quadriceps. The maximum relaxation rate from 1 Hz twitch tension and 20 Hz tetanic tension of adductor pollicis was also not altered by acute hypercapnia (mean end-tidal carbon dioxide tension 63 and 60 mmHg, respectively). The maximum relaxation rate from twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure was not altered by acute hypercapnia (mean end-tidal carbon dioxide tension 69.7 mmHg).

Acidosis, Respiratory↗
PubMed2006

Twitch potentiation influences the time course of twitch depression in muscle relaxant studies: a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic explanation.

The time course of twitch depression following neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) administration is influenced by the duration of control neuromuscular monitoring (twitch stabilization). The physiological mechanism for this interaction is not known. During twitch stabilization twitch response often increases to a plateau, this is known as twitch potentiation or the staircase phenomenon. Since twitch potentiation contributes to the observed twitch response it may also influence the time course of twitch depression following NMBA administration. Our objective was to estimate the degree that twitch potentiation influences the time course of twitch depression following NMBA administration under conditions typical for muscle relaxation studies. We used previousy described pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) and twitch potentiation models to simulate twitch data. Simulations consisted of twitch stabilization followed by a NMBA bolus dose and subsequent onset and recovery from muscle relaxation. Twitch data were analyzed for onset and recovery characteristics and the results compared to clinical muscle relaxation studies in existing literature. We found that twitch potentiation likely plays a minor role in shortened onset time and increased duration of twitch depression observed with long periods of twitch stabilization.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1986

Effects of tizanidine, a centrally acting muscle relaxant, on motor systems.

Effects of tizanidine were studied with special reference to the effect on motor systems. The drug effectively reduced the intercollicular decerebrate rigidity and gamma-activity indirectly recorded from muscle spindle afferent discharges without showing the direct inhibitory effect on muscle spindles in rats. The drug dose-dependently inhibited the phasic responses of alpha-rigidity in anemic decerebrate rats without showing marked inhibition of the tonic response. Tizanidine effectively depressed the crossed extensor reflex in chicks and depressed mono- and polysynaptic reflex potentials in rats; dorsal root reflex was increased transiently. Tizanidine had no effect on the neuromuscular junction in rats and [3H]diazepam binding in rat brain membrane. It is suggested that the depression by tizanidine of gamma-system and spinal reflexes contribute to muscle relaxation and anti-spastic effects and that mechanisms of action are different from those of other centrally acting muscle relaxants such as mephenesin and benzodiazepines.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Progressive muscle relaxation, breathing exercises, and ABC relaxation theory.

This study compared the psychological effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and breathing exercises. Forty-two students were divided randomly into two groups and taught PMR or breathing exercises. Both groups practiced for five weeks and were given the Smith Relaxation States Inventory before and after each session. As hypothesized, PMR practitioners displayed greater increments in relaxation states (R-States) Physical Relaxation and Disengagement, while breathing practitioners displayed higher levels of R-State Strength and Awareness. Slight differences emerged at Weeks 1 and 2; major differences emerged at Weeks 4 and 5. A delayed and potentially reinforcing aftereffect emerged for PMR only after five weeks of training--increased levels of Mental Quiet and Joy. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A comparison of muscle relaxation training and music in the reduction of state and trait anxiety.

A comparison was made between muscle-relaxation training and relaxing music in the reduction of state and trait anxiety. Ss were 108 anxious female college students, half of whom received three sessions in muscle-relaxation training and half of whom received three sessions of relaxing music. Results indicate that both types of treatment significantly reduce state anxiety, but neither reduces trait anxiety. Results support Spielberger's state-trait anxiety theory and hold some implication for treatment.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between vestibular sensitization and leg muscle relaxation under weightlessness simulated by water immersion.

The experiments were designed to determine the contribution of the leg muscle relaxation to the sensitization of the vestibular function under weightlessness, The neuromuscular unit (NMU) discharges were continuously recorded with microelectrodes from the anti-gravitational soleus muscle and its antagonist, the tibialis anterior, of a man standing first upright on the level floor of a dry water tank, and then gradually being immersed in water till it reached his neck; while he was buoyed with an airtube placed under his armpit. In each of the successive states, the caloric nystagmus was evoked, analyzed and compared with the NMU discharge as well as with subjective symptoms associated with the nystagmus. The results indicate that the nystagmogenic activity had a significant correlation with the appearance of the active NMU in the soleus, and they also suggest that the reduction of ascending signals from the antigravity muscles might be one of the causes of atypical vestibular responses occuring in weightlessness.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparative clinical evaluation of chandonium iodide and pancuronium bromide as muscle relaxant.

Chandonium iodide, a synthetic non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking agent and pancuronium bromide were clinically compared as muscle relaxants in 62 patients undergoing elective surgery. Anaesthesia was induced by thiopentone sodium and maintained by oxygen and nitrous oxide. Assessment of efficacy of both the muscle relaxants was graded taking into consideration intubating condition and muscular relaxation during surgery. Tolerability was assessed by noting the changes in heart rate, blood pressure and biochemical estimations. Efficacy of chandonium iodide in the dose of 0.15 to 0.18 mg/kg was comparable to that of 0.08 to 0.1 mg/kg of pancuronium bromide. Both the drugs were well tolerated.

Androstenes↗