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[Record year for Dutch nationality grants in 1993].

"The annual number of non-Dutch nationals who obtained Dutch nationality other than by birth increased from more than 37 thousand in 1992 to more than 43 thousand in 1993. This strong rise was mainly due to the possibility since 1992 [of keeping one's] original nationality [when] obtaining [Dutch citizenship]." Information on migrants is included by age, country of origin, and type of regulation. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Age Distribution↗

On the political economy of immigration.

The authors "study how immigration policies that impose capital and skill requirements would be determined under majority voting when native agents differ in their wealth holdings and vote to maximize their income". The results of the model calculations indicate that "the native population will be polarized between those who would like an immigration policy to maximize the domestic capital-labor ratio and those who would like an immigration policy that would minimize it".

Attitude↗

Openings in the wall: transnational migrants, labor unions, and U.S. immigration policy.

"This article seeks to enhance our understanding of why the United States resisted restrictionist [immigration] legislation in the late twentieth century during times when one may have expected a movement toward closure, as occurred in the 1920s.... The article will supplement a state-centric approach with insights from the perspective of complex interdependence--the significance of transnational relations and the blurring of foreign and domestic politics. I will argue that the societal groups that influence the formation of U.S. immigration policy contain a transnational component, which contributes to the maintenance of relatively open legislation.... More specifically, I will argue that the transnationalization of the labor market...blurs the boundaries between foreign and domestic constituents for unions, causing unions to resist those restrictionist immigration measures that impede organization of foreign-born workers. Hence, the pressures for restrictionism are weaker than anticipated by the conventional wisdom that expects labor to lobby for closure."

Americas↗