Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “MORTALITY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Long-term mortality experience of steelworkers. VIII. Mortality patterns of open hearth steelworkers (a preliminary report).

The findings in this report of a deficit in mortality from cardiovascular diseases and an excess in diseases of the digestive system among open hearth workers indicate the need for further study of men working in hot environments. In future reports we hope to refine the comparisons by obtaining data which will enable classification of workers more precisely by intensity and duration of exposure within the open hearth. Of particular importance in future work are the evaluation of possible relationships between the actual levels of heat exposure and subsequent morbidity and mortality, as well as possible interactions between heat stress and physical exertion in terms of the incidence of heart disease and other select diseases.

Alloys↗
PubMed2001

[Monitoring and intervention of infant mortality rate and fetal and infant mortality rate in Beijing, 1992-2000].

OBJECTIVE: To monitor the changing trend of infant mortality rate (IMR) and fetal and infant mortality rate (FIM) in Beijing and to develop proper measures to decrease these two rates. METHODS: Dynamic series analysis was used to analyze the monitoring data of 590,833 cases of live birth, 5,835 cases of infant death, and 10,499 cases of stillbirth in Beijing during 1992-2000. The interventional measures in different phases were analyzed too. RESULTS: The IMR and FIMR in Beijing were 12.42% and 19.43% respectively in 1992 and were reduced to 6.84% and 15.79% respectively in 2000. The IMR and FIMR were declining significantly during the periods of 1992-1994, 1995-1997, and 1998-2001 (P < 0.01). The decrease of IMR by 48% was more remarkable than that of FIMR by 19%. The IMR I rural areas was higher than that in urban area. Pneumonia dropped from the position of the first death cause for infants to the fourth cause and congenital heart disease became the first cause. CONCLUSION: FIMR helps more comprehensively evaluate the effect of maternal and child health care. Monitoring and intervention of congenital heart diseases is very important.

Cause of Death↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of ISTAT mortality records for follow up study and local mortality data base].

The aim of the present study is to assess the quality of the variables "name" and "surname" recorded in the mortality records that the Italian Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) releases to its regional offices since 1999. These records could both constitute a regional mortality database in those regions that do not have one, and be a useful tool for ascertainment of vital status in follow-up studies. The study was conducted in Turin, North West Italy, through record linkage between ISTAT database and the local population register that records all deaths occurred among residents. This was considered as the gold standard. Firstly the concordance of name and surname was studied; this was 92% if the full length of name and surname was used raising to 97% using substrings of the two information. Secondly the cohort of 1999-2001 residents in Turin was linked to the ISTAT database using a four step record linkage with four different keys. 94,3% of subjects were correctly found. Within those not linked there was a higher proportion of subjects born abroad, women, young and unmarried. We conclude that the quality of ISTAT database should be further improved before implementing its use for follow-up studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Maternal mortality in France. Frequency and reasons for its under-estimation in the statistics of medical cause of death. Group of Experts on Maternal Mortality].

All deaths of women of reproductive age notified in France over four months were the subject of an enquiry carried out through the post to the doctors who had written the certificates of death. The objective was to try to evaluate the true maternal mortality on a national scale. This enquiry was carried out on 4,102 female deaths and showed that 68 of these (1.6%) were in pregnant or puerperal women. 45 of these deaths were classified as maternal which was twice the number that showed up on the official statistics of the causes of death. On one hand the under notification--due to failure to realise that the patient was pregnant at the time of certification, and on the other hand the under registration because of the complexity of the pathological states explain this under estimation. The frequency of maternal mortality has been evaluated at 18 per 100,000 live births and 60% of these deaths are considered as due to a direct obstetric cause. The most frequent causes are embolisms, then haemorrhages and hypertension of pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Mortality analysis of the working age population in Poland. Part II. Percentage of main causes of death in the growing mortality rate of men and women].

This work presents an analysis of mortality rates among men and women aged 20-64, by the main causes of death and the places of habitation during the years 1951-1985. Over the investigated period, the percentage of deaths from cardiovascular system diseases, neoplasms, traumas and poisonings among the persons belonging to the professionally active age group increased to ca 80%. The growing trend of deaths in that group was much higher among men than women. This was especially true about the cardiovascular system diseases and malignant neoplasms. Evaluation of mortality rates during the last 20 years by death causes (allowing for age and place of habitation) indicates that the greatest increase of deaths occurred in the group of men aged 40-59 living in the rural environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Mortality: comparison of mortality between a specific industry and the French population (author's transl)].

Mortality statistics are underutilized in France. Authors show that it is possible to use them for small population (125 000). Classical statistical methods are utilized. The interpretation of the results is difficult with regard to the quality of National data. Comparison data conclude that mortality rates are lower within the industry for lung and gastrointestinal disease, suicide, injuries and that three health problems are more prevalent: alcholism, injuries for young men and cancer.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1995

[Analysis of trends in infant mortality with special reference to perinatal mortality in Austria (1965-1991)].

In Austria a marked decrease of perinatal mortality has been observed since the middle of the 1970s (Fig. 1). Regression models show a significant association with introduction of the mother-and-child health passport in 1974 and decreasing fertility of women older than 35 years. In part this decrease is due to a transfer of deaths from the perinatal period to later periods (Fig. 3). Some perinatal deaths were shifted to the periods of 2nd to 4th week and 2nd to 12th month after birth, respectively. From the difference between expected and observed perinatal mortality a saving of 13,400 perinatal deaths since 1974 has been calculated. Some of these children were in fact saved from death, whereas some of them died during a later period of the first year of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Maternal mortality in Nice. Results of a reproductive age mortality survey using death registries in the Nice University Hospital, 1986-1993].

OBJECTIVE: To define the rate of maternal death on the basis of maternal deaths recorded from January 1986 to May 1993. To determine whether the patients had received "standard" quality health care. METHOD: A Reproductive Age Mortality Survey was performed retrospectively on causes of death in women from 14 to 45 years of age; death registries and clinical records at the Nice University Hospital were used. RESULTS: There were 23 cases of pregnancy-associated death. Maternal mortality was 32.9 per 100000 live births. According to the INSERM survey, the "real" national rate would be 18.3 per 100000. This is a classical underestimation. The overmortality in Nice is partially explained by the AIDS epidemic which was the major cause of female deaths between 14 and 45 years (96/322). Nevertheless, there was an unsatisfactorily large number of cases in which standard obstetrical practises were not applied. This was often due to a combination of factors including poor obstetrical surveillance, insufficient attention by physicians, poor organisation of obstetrical care in the emergency room and referrals. Cesarean section was implicated in 7 out of 12 maternal deaths during the third trimester of pregnancy (58%). The cause of certain maternal deaths remained unexplained; amniotic embolus was always suggested. Unfortunately, an autopsy was performed in only 36% of the cases and its quality was insufficient to determine certain diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Premature birth and the changing composition of newborn infectious disease mortality: reconsidering "exogenous" mortality.

Linked death and birth records from San Antonio, Texas revealed that infectious infant mortality is increasingly a function of premature birth and low birth weight. Between 1935 and 1944, 4% of infectious infant deaths had associated causes involving prematurity and related conditions; by 1980, 25% of infectious infant deaths involved prematurity and more than 40% of those infants weighed less than 2,500 grams. The shift in birth-weight composition results almost entirely from an increase in very low-weight births. Under conditions of advanced perinatal technology, infectious infant mortality should no longer be viewed as wholly exogenous. These findings further undermine the contemporary relevance of the exogenous-endogenous distinction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Socio-demographic risk factors for perinatal mortality. A study of perinatal mortality in the French district of Seine-Saint-Denis.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of a set of socio-demographic risk factors commonly associated with perinatal mortality -- age, parity, marital status, educational attainment, occupation, and ethnic origin in the French district of Seine-Saint-Denis. METHODS: The study has a case-control design with prospective identification of cases. It includes all singleton non-malformed perinatal deaths which occurred between October 1, 1989 and September 30, 1992. Logistic regression is used to estimate odds ratios. Base incidence rates are generated by incorporating sampling information for the controls. RESULTS: All socio-demographic variables are significantly related to the risk of perinatal mortality in univariate analyses. Some of the increased risk due to social factors is explained by differential age and parity distributions. In multivariate models, however, only parity and country of origin are significant. Women born in the French overseas departments and territories and Sub-Saharan Africa have the highest odds ratios. CONCLUSIONS: Women born outside of continental France face an elevated risk of experiencing a perinatal death even after controlling for age, parity and socioeconomic factors. Although, this excess risk may reflect residual variation in socioeconomic status, alternative explanations such as standards of prenatal care, medical problems during pregnancy and delivery, and cultural practices should be explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Causal pathways to infant mortality: linking social variables to infant mortality through intermediate variables.

Using a conceptual model that integrates social and biomedical models of causation, this paper delineates the pathways through which social factors ultimately influence infant mortality in the African-American community. Two social factors, maternal education and marital status, are shown to influence the risk of infant death through the following intermediate variables: bio-demographic (maternal age, birth order, birth interval and outcome of last pregnancy), health care (prenatal care utilization) and proximate infant health status at birth (preterm delivery and low birth weight). While the impact of maternal education is largely explained by the intermediate variables, marital status remains a significant, albeit a weak, predictor net of all other variables.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1997

Mortality from a Chinese asbestos plant: overall cancer mortality.

The cancer mortality in a Chinese asbestos plant using only chrysotile was studied. Opened in the 1950s, all workers with at least 1 year of employment by 1972 were followed through 1994. Most workers were female. Excess cancer mortality, compared to local city data, was found for lung cancer, including many cases among nonsmoking women, and stomach cancer. Plant asbestos levels have been high in the past but have consistently come down over the decades.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birthweight infants.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin A is necessary for normal lung growth and the ongoing integrity of respiratory tract epithelial cells. Preterm infants have low vitamin A status at birth and this has been associated with increased risk of developing chronic lung disease. Several studies have been undertaken to assess whether vitamin A supplementation beyond that routinely given in multivitamin preparations can reduce the incidence of this outcome. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefit of supplementation with vitamin A in very low birthweight infants. SEARCH STRATEGY: Searches were made of the Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials, MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and Science Citation Index. The reference lists of relevant trials, recent issues of paediatric and nutrition journals, abstracts and proceedings from relevant conferences in the English language were hand searched. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials which compared the effects of supplemental vitamin A with standard vitamin A regimes in infants with birthweight </=1500g, and which reported clinical outcomes (death, chronic lung disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia) and/or vitamin A concentrations were considered for the review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data on mortality, requirement for supplemental oxygen at one month of age and at 36 weeks post-menstrual age, retinopathy of prematurity and nosocomial sepsis were excerpted by both reviewers independently. Data analysis was conducted according to the standards of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group. MAIN RESULTS: Six eligible trials were identified, one having a much larger sample size than the others combined. The meta-analysis suggests supplementation with vitamin A results in benefit in terms of reducing oxygen requirement at 36 weeks post-menstrual age [summary RR 0.85 (0.73, 0.98), RD -8.5% (-15.9, -1.1), NNT 11.8 (6.3, 90.9)] and trends towards reduction in death or oxygen requirement at 36 weeks post-menstrual age [summary RR 0.89 (0.79, 1.00)], oxygen use in survivors at one month of age [summary RR 0.93 (0.86, 1.01)], and death or oxygen requirement at one month of age [summary RR 0.93 (0. 86, 1.00)]. Meta-analysis of the two studies which reported on retinopathy of prematurity suggests a trend towards reduced incidence in vitamin A supplemented infants. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Supplementing very low birthweight infants with vitamin A is associated with a reduction in oxygen requirement amongst survivors at 36 weeks post-menstrual age. Whether clinicians decide to utilise repeat intramuscular doses of vitamin A to prevent chronic lung disease may depend upon the local incidence of this outcome and the value attached to achieving a modest reduction in this outcome, balanced against the lack of other proven benefits and the acceptability of treatment. The benefits, in terms of vitamin A status, safety and acceptability of delivering vitamin A in an intravenous emulsion compared with repeat intramuscular injections should be assessed in a further trial.

Dietary Supplements↗
PubMed1990

The APSAC interventional mortality study (AIMS) trial: mortality data.

The anistreplase (anisoylated plasminogen streptokinase activator complex or APSAC) intervention mortality study was designed as a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to test the effectiveness of anistreplase, 30 U administered intravenously within the first 6 hours of acute myocardial infarction. The primary endpoint of the study was mortality of all causes at 30 days and 1 year. Within 30 days, there were 77 deaths with placebo (17.8%) and 40 deaths (6.5%) with anistreplase, an odds reduction of 50.5% (p = 0.0006). By the end of one year, there had been a total of 113 deaths (17.8%) with placebo and 69 deaths (11.1%) with anistreplase, an odds reduction of 42.7% (p = 0.0007).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Meta-analysis of observed mortality data from all-controlled, double-blind, multiple-dose studies of losartan in heart failure. Losartan Heart Failure Mortality Meta-analysis Study Group.

Clinical studies of heart failure utilizing losartan, an angiotensin-II receptor antagonist, found that this drug is well tolerated and demonstrates hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and symptomatic improvement. To assess all-cause mortality in heart failure patients treated with losartan, a meta-analysis including 1,896 patients was performed on 6 controlled, double-blind, multiple-dose studies, regardless of sample size or duration of follow-up. A combination of logarithmic (log) odds ratios with a continuity correction was utilized for the meta-analysis. Treatment groups were comparable with regard to demographic characteristics, heart failure characteristics, and concomitant cardiovascular therapies. Concomitant use of open-label angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors was not allowed in any study. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction obtained in individual studies ranged from 23% to 31%. Seven hundred forty patients were randomized to control therapy and 1,154 patients were randomized to losartan therapy. There were 36 deaths (3.12%) in the losartan groups compared with 47 in the control groups (6.35%) during the double-blind periods. The odds of dying in the losartan groups were 0.51 times (0.31 to 0.81) that of dying in the control groups (p = 0.004). In this analysis, treatment with losartan provided a beneficial effect upon survival. However, because the number of deaths in these studies is relatively small and the follow-up relatively short, a large confirmatory study is needed to assess the mortality benefit of losartan compared with an ACE inhibitor.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Intravenous versus oral busulfan as part of a busulfan/cyclophosphamide preparative regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: decreased incidence of hepatic venoocclusive disease (HVOD), HVOD-related mortality, and overall 100-day mortality.

Hepatic venoocclusive disease (HVOD) is a complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and is a well-recognized dose-limiting toxicity of oral busulfan (Bu)-based preparative regimens. The unpredictable absorption of oral Bu from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and hepatic first-pass effects have led to the development of an intravenous Bu preparation (i.v. Bu). The purpose of this retrospective comparison was to evaluate the incidence rate of HVOD and the 100-day mortality rate in patients treated with a busulfan/cyclophosphamide (BuCy2) regimen in which either oral Bu or i.v. Bu was administered. Data from 2 similar groups of patients treated between March 1995 and December 1997 were analyzed. Thirty patients were treated with oral Bu (1 mg/kg x 16 doses) at City of Hope and 61 patients were treated with i.v. Bu (0.8 mg/kg x 16 doses) in a multicenter trial involving 7 sites. Bu was followed by Cy (60 mg/kg x 2 days) and a histocompatible-sibling-donor HSCT. In the i.v. Bu treatment group, 48% of the patients were classified as heavily pretreated (> or = 3 prior chemotherapy regimens, prior radiation, or prior HSCT) with 13% having had a prior HSCT and 75% having active disease at the time of transplantation. According to the same classification criteria, 33% of the patients in the oral-Bu treatment group were considered heavily pretreated, with 23% having had a prior HSCT and 80% having active disease at the time of transplantation. The incidence rates of clinically diagnosed HVOD were 5/61 (8%) and 10/30 (33%) after i.v. and oral Bu, respectively. HVOD-related mortality occurred in 2 (3.3%) of 61 i.v. and 6 (20%) of 30 oral Bu patients. The (standardized) Jones criteria for HVOD were met by 4.9% of i.v. and 20% of oral Bu patients. Univariate logistic regression analysis identified oral versus i.v. Bu (P = .001) and a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (P = .04) as statistically significant factors in the development of HVOD, with prior extensive treatment identified as marginally significant (P = .25). No other demographic parameter was found to be significant. After adjustment for prior treatment, multivariate analyses showed that the use of oral versus i.v. Bu was the strongest predictor for development of HVOD (odds ratio, 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-27.2; P = .002). This study showed that the incidence rate of HVOD is significantly lower (P = .002) and the 100-day survival rate significantly higher (P = .002) in patients treated with i.v. Bu than in patients treated with oral Bu when Bu is used as part of a BuCy2 preparative regimen for allogeneic HSCT.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Mortality due to influenza in the United States--an annualized regression approach using multiple-cause mortality data.

Influenza is an important cause of mortality in temperate countries, but there is substantial controversy as to the total direct and indirect mortality burden imposed by influenza viruses. The authors have extracted multiple-cause death data from public-use data files for the United States from 1979 to 2001. The current research reevaluates attribution of deaths to influenza, by use of an annualized regression approach: comparing measures of excess deaths with measures of influenza virus prevalence by subtype over entire influenza seasons and attributing deaths to influenza by a regression model. This approach is more conservative in its assumptions than is earlier work, which used weekly regression models, or models based on fitting baselines, but it produces results consistent with these other methods, supporting the conclusion that influenza is an important cause of seasonal excess deaths. The regression model attributes an annual average of 41,400 (95% confidence interval: 27,100, 55,700) deaths to influenza over the period 1979-2001. The study also uses regional death data to investigate the effects of cold weather on annualized excess deaths.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed2002

Do ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II antagonists reduce total mortality and arrhythmic mortality? A critical review of controlled clinical trials.

ACE-inhibitors (ACE-I) represent effective drugs more and more widely used in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, in post AMI patients and mainly, today, in CHF patients.A complete review of the scientific literature and of all the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), where ACE-I have been tested directly or in association with other drugs, have been performed. ACE-I effects on total mortality (TM) and arrhythmic mortality (AM) and other composite clinical endpoints have been evaluated. It is well known that frequent ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and a high incidence of sudden death (SD) can be documented in CHF patients; nevertheless a direct relationship between VA, TM, and AM has not been clearly demonstrated; neither beneficial effects, on the same endpoints, of the treatment and suppression of ambient VA in CHF. Conversely, sometimes clear negative effects on both TM and AM have been observed. According to individual studies and two recent complete and large metanalysis, ACE-I were unable to reduce AM, but they reduced TM. Furthermore, they can affect and modify many, if not all, of the triggering factors of VA and SD in this context. Differently from ACE-I, betablockers (BB) have been clearly associated with a reduction in TM and AM, in the same context. Thus, at present time, ACE-I, with or without BB, should be considered the standard therapy in all patients with CHF, if not contraindicated. Angiotensin II antagonists (AII-a) probably represent a comparably effective treatment, in all CHF patients and mainly in those patients, suffering from side effects or showing intolerance to ACE-I, but we are still lacking definitive data from RCTs. In many RCTs, conducted with traditional antiarrhythmic drug therapy (ADT), these drugs have been widely used, contributing probably, in a consistent way, to some of the positive results of these studies. All primary and some secondary implantable defibrillators (ICD) RCTs, in the prevention of SD, have included these drugs as the standard treatment of the underlying cardiac disease, with or without CHF. The same therapeutical strategy is regularly applied in all biventricular pacing (BP) RCTs, with or without the ICD. These trials are supposed to assess the reduction in TM and AM, preventing deterioration or progression of CHF and improving the quality of the patients' s life.Finally, according to these clinical evidences, in the last part of the review, we stress the need for a more widespread implementation of ACE-I and AII-a in treating CHF patients.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗