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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Transmission of B virus infection between monkeys especially in relation to breeding colonies.

Studies of B virus (Herpesvirus simiae) antibody in several species of macaque lead to the following generalizations. Newborn monkeys are not infected with B virus, even when born of seropositive mothers. Young monkeys remain uninfected until they become adults. The majority of adults develop B virus antibody unless their physical contact with seropositive adults is restricted. These observations are consistent with sexual transmission of B virus and classification of the disease in monkeys as venereal. However, infection at oral and dermal sites also occurs and may play a part in monkey-to-monkey transmission. Epizootics of B virus occurred during early attempts to start B virus-free breeding colonies. They appeared to originate from reactivated latent B virus in adult monkeys which had only low titres of antibody. The stress produced when groups of adult strangers were assembled to form breeding colonies was the most effective known inducer of latent B virus. Total exclusion of animals with any trace of antibody has enabled the establishment of new breeding colonies which are free from B virus.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[IgM nephropathy (nephritis) in clawed monkeys (Primates, Anthropoidea, Platyrrhina, Callithricidae)].

A spontaneously occurring IgM-mediated mesangioproliferative nephropathy was detected in 91% of tamarins and marmosets over 6 months old. Intraglomerular IgM deposits could be demonstrated in all animals, usually in a mesangial pattern and in some cases along the glomerular endothelia. The clinical signs were hematuria and proteinuria. The progressive disease remains silent for long periods, but is directly or indirectly related to the death of 10-20% of the affected animals. Morphological characteristics are those of mesangial hyperplasia accompanied by subacute to chronic tubulointerstitial inflammation. The callithrid IgM-nephropathy is compared to similar human immunocomplex nephropathies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Small vessel disease in vasectomized diabetic monkeys: light microscopic study.

The following four groups of rhesus monkeys were studied for small vessel pathology of the heart, kidney and retina: sham-vasectomized, vasectomized, sham-vasectomized diabetic and vasectomized diabetic. A significant increase was observed in the frequency of pathological changes in small vessels (less than 60 micron diameter), of the heart muscle of nondiabetic vasectomized monkeys, and in sham-vasectomized and vasectomized diabetic monkeys. Further, the thickness of the glomerular capillary basement membrane was also significantly increased in the three experimental groups. In vasectomized diabetic monkeys, the vascular lesions were much greater than in the other two groups. Moreover, in this group one animal had a microaneurysm of a retinal vessel and another had distortion of retinal veins. The monkeys subjected to vasectomy or diabetes alone did not develop these changes. However, the ratio of mural to endothelial cells in retinal vessels was markedly altered in vasectomized and nonvasectomized diabetic monkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Disorders in learning and memory processes in the monkey model of Alzheimer's disease: the role of the cerebral cortex associative areas].

Processes of novelty learning and keeping the results in Alzheimer's disease in two groups of rhesus-monkeys (three monkeys in each group), were studied: following neurotoxins administrati- on (I group) and saline administration (II group). In two months after the injections (the C1 stage), considerable differences between the groups were revealed in the task of differentiation among contour shapes. For the I group monkeys the learning was difficult: the correct decision making did not reach 85 %, and the probability of refusing to make a decision increased. For the II group monkeys the learning characteristics were not disturbed. In six months after the injections (the C3 stage) the differences between the groups in the task of differentiation among new stimuli (heads of two monkeys) remained at the same level. When studying characteristics of the operative memory associated with keeping the learning results achieved at the C1 stage, a considerable worsening of these characteristics was revealed: diminishing of the correct decision making probability at the C1 stage (actually to the level of 0.5), increase in the probability of refusing to make a decision. The structural-functional organization of interaction between sensory and cognitive processes in learning and keeping the information in the operative memory, is discussed in association with the control of motivation and attention system and the role of the cortex associative areas.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1985

Morphology of polymorphonuclear neutrophils during periodontal disease in the cynomolgus monkey.

The polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) appears to be an important cell in the protection of the host from pathogenic periodontal micro-organisms. The purpose of the present histological studies was to observe the emigration of the PMN from the gingival vessels to the periodontal pocket during gingivitis and ligature-induced periodontitis in the cynomolgus monkey. 2 adult female monkeys were treated by application of a silk ligature around selected posterior teeth. After 9 weeks, the monkeys were perfused and block sections of both ligated (early periodontitis) and non-ligated (gingivitis) sites were obtained, cut into smaller blocks containing a single interdental area (N = 15 for periodontitis, N = 5 for gingivitis) and processed for light and electron microscopic observations. Morphologically, no differences in PMNs between gingivitis and periodontitis were observed and therefore the following description applies to both disease states. In the vessels, the endothelial cells appeared to be actively involved in PMN emigration, maintaining long processes which surrounded the PMNs. Within the connective tissue, the PMNs maintained their typical morphology which included polylobated nuclei and numerous lysosomal granules. Many intact PMNs were observed intercellularly within the connective tissue and the epithelium. Within the periodontal pocket, a multilayer of PMNs surrounded the plaque mass. Cells with numerous bacteria-containing phagolysosomes were observed with increasing frequency as they approached the plaque. Deeper within the bacterial deposit, PMNs were seen in varying stages of degeneration. These histologic studies, when interpreted in the light of reports of severe, rapidly-progressive periodontitis in patients with PMN disorders, suggest that the interaction of PMNs with bacterial plaque may serve to maintain a defensive boundary which protects the host tissues from irreversible destruction.

Animals↗