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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Bone conduction evaluation related to mastoid surgery.

The bone conduction threshold changes of 97 patients (100 ears) who underwent mastoid surgery were determined by comparing the last preoperative audiogram with the 1 year postoperative audiogram. Three types of mastoid surgery were evaluated: radical mastoidectomy, modified radical mastoidectomy, and intact wall atticomastoidectomy. The average three speech frequency preoperative bone conduction threshold was 17.4 dB (S.D. 11.5) in the radical mastoidectomy group, 10.1 dB (S.D. 9.6) in the modified radical mastoidectomy group, and 10.7 dB (S.D. 8) in the intact wall atticomastoidectomy group. The difference between the average three speech frequency preoperative bone conduction threshold of the radical mastoidectomy group differed significantly when compared to the modified radical mastoidectomy or intact wall atticomastoidectomy group. The postoperative average three speech frequency bone conduction threshold did not change significantly following the three surgical procedures evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Microscopic analysis of the mastoid bone in chronic serous otitis media.

The pathologic changes of the middle ear and mastoid bone mucosa in two pediatric patients with long standing chronic serous otitis media were studied by electron and light microscopy. The embryological development of the eustachian tube, middle ear cleft, and mastoid bone suggests a common physiological and anatomical continuity. The histological changes by light and electron microscopy in these patients demonstrates the metaplastic changes of the basal cell of the mucosa differentiating into mucous and keratin cells. These metaplastic changes are associated with the exudative process known as chronic serous otitis media.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

American Burkitt's lymphoma of the mastoid.

Primary clinical presentation of malignant lymphoma in the middle ear is rare. One case of African Burkitt's lymphoma involving the mastoid has been reported, but the case herein presented would appear to be the first case of American Burkitt's lymphoma in the literature. American and African varieties have distinct clinical presentations but are histologically identical. Chemotherapy is effective against these aggressive tumors. A 6-year-old boy with the first known case of American Burkitt's lymphoma of the mastoid is presented. He is doing well 23 months from the onset of symptoms.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1992

Experimental applications of porous (coralline) hydroxylapatite in middle ear and mastoid reconstruction.

Hydroxylapatite is a ceramic implant material which has been extensively investigated in the orthopedic and oral surgical literature. A set of animal experiments was carried out to determine the feasibility of the use of porous (coralline) hydroxylapatite for middle ear and mastoid reconstruction. Coralline hydroxylapatite was placed in the mastoid bulla of dogs and was carved into struts which were placed into the middle ear and against the tympanic membrane. Coralline hydroxylapatite is a highly biocompatible material which showed abundant ingrowth when in contact with host bone. There was also good soft-tissue ingrowth and fibrous tissue fixation within the middle ear and against the tympanic membrane. Hydroxylapatite is generally accepted to be osteoconductive, but not osteogenic. However, one of the specimens described with chronic inflammatory mucosal changes, shows de novo new bone formation within the pores of the graft. While normally the bone formed in coralline hydroxylapatite is secondary (lamellar), in this specimen primary (woven) bone was found. Porous (coralline) hydroxylapatite appears to be an excellent otologic graft material. It biointegrates with the host, is osteoconductive, and under certain circumstances may be osteogenic.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Drill-generated sensorineural hearing loss following mastoid surgery.

Drilling during mastoid surgery may result in temporary noise-induced hearing loss. This has practical implications for both the patient and surgeon. In a prospective study of 40 patients, audiometric testing was done both preoperatively and postoperatively to try to detect any significant hearing loss in the immediate postoperative period. The data were analyzed using the Student's paired t test. No statistically significant difference was found. A sensorineural hearing loss soon after mastoid surgery is not due to the noise generated by the drill. In the event of any hearing loss during this period, other causes should be sought.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Population differences in cellularity of the mastoid process.

Adult crania from four human skeletal population samples were radiographed in order to study variation of the air cell system in the mastoid process. Six types of processes were recognized, i.e., sclerotic, diploic, diplo-pneumatic, pneumatic, and highly pneumatic. Frequency of non-pneumatized (acellular) processes in Eskimos was significantly lower than that found in the other three populations. Female crania in each sample showed fewer acellular processes than male, but the differences were statistically significant only in the Whites, Eskimos, and total sex samples. While present in each population, frequency of asymmetry of type was significant in only Whites and Eskimos. These results provide some additional evidence that a genetic factor is operant in determining the degree of cellularity of mastoid processes.

Asian People↗
PubMed1979

The influence of pneumatization of mastoid bone on caloric nystagmus response. A clinical study and a mathematical model.

Pursuing the problem whether and why the pneumatization of mastoid bone has any influence on caloric nystagmus, we examined 15 large or extensively (L.P.) and 15 poorly (P.P.) pneumatized subjects. Following water irrigation (44 degrees and 30 degrees C, 30 sec) we checked the parameters maximum SPV, max. frequency, latency, duration and time of max. response by ENG recordings. Both groups differed significantly for all parameters except duration (p less than 0.001). On comparing these findings with an earlier proposed model (Bock & Bromm, 1977) we could show a good correspondence for the P.P. group by doubling the parameter 'thermal diffusivity of mastoid bone'. An even better correspondence could be found by diminishing the parameter 'coefficient of temperature changes by perfusion'. The theoretical and practical implications and conclusions of our findings are discussed.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meniere's disease and the mastoid pneumatization.

The size of the mastoid penumatization was radiographically examined and planimetrically measured in the patients with Meniere's disease, patients with other sensorineural hearing loss and clinically ear healthy persons. Law projection was used for the radiographical examination. No statistical differences were seen among the three groups. Meniere's disease and the factors which influence the mastoid pneumatization are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Size of the mastoid air cell system obtained with two types of X-ray equipment.

The first systematically performed study concerning the size variation of the mastoid air cell system was measured on the X-ray film in a lateral projection, as exposed on the skull table. A new type of equipment (Orbix) with an isocentric motion of the roentgen tube and the film cassette and a different magnification, is gradually replacing the skull table. Temporal bone specimens were examined in a lateral projection using both equipments. The area of the mastoid air cell system was measured with a planimeter. A significant correlation was found between the areas obtained with the two techniques.

Air↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The causes of asymmetry of the mastoid air cell system.

Starting from age 2 up to 7 years, 79 otherwise healthy children underwent nine tympanometric tests. At the age of 7, mastoid X-rays were obtained and the air cell areas measured by planimetry. The mean area was 8.4 cm2, with a left-right mean difference of 1.57 cm2. The children could be divided into three groups: (1) the ears with the smallest cell system associated with abnormal tympanograms (i.e. 'agreement'); (2) the ears with the largest cell system associated with abnormal tympanograms (i.e. 'disagreement'); (3) children with symmetrical cell systems and tympanograms. Significant majority of children showed 'agreement'. The results indicate that the size of the mastoid air cell system is determined by the degree of pathological involvement of the middle ear during childhood.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed2004

Glial choristoma in the middle ear and mastoid bone: a case report.

Heterotopic brain tissue usually involves extracranial midline structures of the head and neck such as nose, nasopharynx, and oral cavity. Its occurrence in the non-midline structures, including middle ear, is rare. We described a 50-yr-old-man with heterotopic glial tissue in the middle ear and mastoid bone. The patient presented with progressive hearing loss for 8 yr. There was no history of congenital anomalies, trauma, or ear surgery. Computed tomography revealed a mass-like lesion with soft tissue density occupying the middle ear cavity and mastoid antrum. At the operation, a gray-white fibrotic mass was detected in the epitympanic area. Mesotympanum and ossicles were intact. The patient underwent left simple mastoidectomy with type I tympanoplasty. During operation, definite cranial bone defect or cerebrospinal fluid leakage was not found. Histologically, the lesion was composed of exclusively mature, disorganized glial tissue with fibrovascular elements in a rather loose fibrillary background. Glial tissue showed diffuse positive reaction for glial fibrillar acidic protein and S100 protein on immunohistochemical study.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1998

[Acute otitis media with bone conduction hearing loss associated with acute mastoiditis].

Acute otitis media, generally complicated by conductive hearing loss, sometimes shows raised bone conduction thresholds. Five patients with acute otitis media with mixed hearing loss and much otorrhea were reported. The chief complaints were otalgia in 3 patients, hearing loss in 4, ear fullness in 1 and tinnitus in 1. Four patients had moderate hearing loss. At the first examination, the tympanic membrane showed swelling and injection, while 2 showed bullous myringitis, with swelling of the tympanic mucosa and a yellowish serous discharge following myringotomy. Positive mastoidal CT of all patients without acute inflammatory symptoms in the external ear suggest the complication of acute mastoiditis. After treatment with antibiotics and myingotomy for all patients, steroidal administration for 4, and tympanostomy tube insertion for 3, the hearing levels of 4 patients improved. Sensorineural hearing loss (51.3 dB) remains in 1 patient with sever hearing loss at the first examination. It is important to determine the hearing level for patients with acute otitis media, especially if it is complicated by hearing difficulties.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Assessment of the volume of the mastoid air cell system using digital image processing].

There has been a great deal of controversy concerning the development of pneumatization in the temporal bone. Many reports on the size of the mastoid air cell system have been discussed a planimetric X-ray method, however, there have been no techniques for direct volume measurement based on high-resolution computed tomography (CT). Discussion of the relationship between ear disease and pneumatization of the temporal bone requires three-dimensional measurement of the temporal bone in vivo. Recently, we developed such a technique by using digital image processing to measure the volume of the mastoid air cell system. With this technique, only the air cells and tympanic cavity, with a grey scale level similar to air outside the skull were easily selected on the CT films. Then, after image processing called "thresholding", only the areas and volumes of these extracted pneumatized parts were calculated. The volumes of the pneumatized parts of the temporal bone were calculated separately as partial volumes divided by several CT planes. The sum of the partial volumes was calculated as the total volume of the aerated cavity. This technique also made it possible to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) model of the air cell system for visual presentation. CT images of 43 normal temporal bones were analyzed. The average volume temporal bone pneumatization (including air cells and tympanic cavity) was about 6ml. There were no differences between pneumatization on the two sides in either sex. Comparisons of partial volumes of pneumatization in the temporal bone revealed that the volumes of portions including the tympanic cavity and its surrounding air cells and those of the antrum and its surrounding air cells were larger than those of other portions. 3D models of the air cell system revealed a variety of shapes. These findings indicated that this technique is not only useful for quantitative analyses but for easy subjective morphological analyses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rapid recovery from optic papillitis secondary to oto-mastoiditis in pediatric age].

In this paper we report the case of an acute papillitis of the right optic nerve secundary to a mastoiditis and sinusitis of the same site in a 10-year old boy. At onset the child presented a painful movement of the ocular globe, monolateral amaurosis and papillary oedema. The exams have confirmed the correlation among mastoiditis, sinusitis and papillitis. At the same time, we were able to exclude the presence of endocranial tumours and alteration of the other side. The child underwent a steroid therapy with a complete recovery within 30 days.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[The presence of air in epidural hematoma due to congenital bone defect in the mastoid tegmen--a case report].

Presence of air in acute epidural hematomas has been described by several authors. Although the air trapped in the epidural space is thought to be derived from the air-containing structure, there are some cases in which there is an absence of any demonstrable fracture involving air-containing structure. We report a very rare case of air in an epidural hematoma which was not related to fracture involving air-containing structure. The patient was a 30-year-old man whose left temporal bone was struck during a fall. CT scan revealed acute epidural hematoma with a large amount of air in the epidural space. We found many congenital bone defects in the mastoid tegmen during the operation and suspected that the air had been derived from them. The difference between our case and other cases reported was the amount of the air in epidural space. We suspected that air bubbles were derived from the fracture involving air-containing structure, while a large amount of air could be derived from congenital bone defects in the mastoid tegmen.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Mechanisms of onset and signs of latent mastoiditis in patients with exudative otitis media].

Tympanomastoidotomy was performed in 42 patients with exudative otitis media running from 4 to 8 weeks. Large size of the antral cells and high pneumatization of the translabyrinthine tract cells contribute to the onset of latent antritis; large size of the apical cells and hyperpneumatization of the cells of the inferior labyrinthine tract predispose to emergence of isolated apical mastoiditis in patients with exudative otitis media at early stages. Latent mastoiditis and mucoperiostitis in the region of perifacial and perilabyrinthine cells in patients with exudative otitis media are evidenced by early atypical cochleovestibular complaints, mixed hypoacusis and variability of tympanograms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Intracranial complications of acute mastoiditis].

We report a case of extradural abscess after acute mastoiditis in an 8-years-old boy. The clinic diagnostic of an intracranial complication is difficult. The most common present symptoms are fever, otalgia and otorrhea but are not specific. Neurologic symptoms are suggestive signs of an intracranial complication. We believe that, in acute mastoiditis performance of a CT scan of the brain and temporal bones with intravenous contrast, contribues to the diagnostic of intracranial complication. The diagnostic of thrombosis sinus sigmoid is evoked with slight contrast enhanced sinus sigmoid and failure to opacify. The characterisation of an epidural empyema is a hypodense epidural collection in a contrast-enhanced CT scan. The most common isolated organism are Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeuginosa. The therapeutic management includes combination of intraveinous antibiotics, mastoidectomy and surgery of the intracranial complication.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

[Effects of pneumatization of the temporal bone on the onset and course of acute mastoiditis].

Roentgenogram planimetry according to Schuller was made in 75 patients with acute mastoiditis (AM) to study correlations between the degree of pneumatization of the temporal bone and AM onset. It was found that complication of acute otitis media purulenta with AM takes place only in patients with well developed pneumatic system. Development of intracranial complications occurs in cases with wider area of the cell system. Mastoiditis arises because of inadequate treatment of acute inflammation of the middle ear and aditoanthral obstruction.

Acute Disease↗