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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Risk-benefit analysis of contraception with steroids].

Oral hormonal contraception is a low risk and safe form of contraception for women between 15 and 35 years of age without risk factors in the history (smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterinemia). Women over 35 years should take the pill only when risk factors have been excluded previously. In general, low dose pills with less than 50 micrograms ethinylestradiol should be used, because they have the lowest impact on the metabolism. There should be an additional indication even after exclusion of risk factors, if women over 40 years take the pill. Besides that it could be shown that using the pill has many positive effects on health, as for example benign mamma tumors more seldomly occur, in most of the cases the dysmenorrhoea improves, anaemia and inflammatory adnex diseases are significantly more seldom, and it could be shown that there is a clearly protective effect concerning the morbidity of endometrium and ovarian cancer.

Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal↗
PubMed1988

[Results following reduction mammoplasties. A comparison of selected surgical procedures].

Lactation-retaining reducing mammoplasty was performed on 144 cases for macromastia, with 54 of them being carried out by the Biesenberger/Gelbke method and 90 according to the procedure by Strömbeck. Complications due to wound healing disorders occurred only to eleven in 98 mammae (separate evaluation) treated by the Strömbeck procedure but affected every second patient operated on by the Biesenberger/Gelbke method. In 14 patients postoperative capability of lactation was found to be unambiguously correlated with unimpaired wound healing. Postoperative pathological alterations in mammary glands may cause problems in differential diagnosis. Mitigation of clinico-somatic complaints was found to be obtainable from either surgical approach, depending on wound healing. Aesthetic results are the same.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term cultivation of a human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, in a chemically defined medium. Effect of estradiol.

The human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7, has been adapted to long-term growth in chemically defined medium without loss of estrogen and progesterone receptors or tumorigenicity in athymic mice. An estrogen reversible inhibition of cell proliferation is exerted by newborn calf serum (NCS) 10%, athymic mouse serum (AMS) 2% or tamoxifen 0.1 to 1.0 microM. The mamma-related hormones, hydrocortisone, progesterone, prolactin, and insulin could not mimic this growth inhibitory effect, and estradiol alone or combined with these hormones did not stimulate cell proliferation in chemically defined medium.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Ultrasonic diagnosis in gynecology in small animals].

After a short introduction into the basics and the different methods of sonography a description of the ultrasonographic diagnosis of gynaecological diseases in small animals is given. The ultrasonographic method is indicated in all gynaecological diseases after the anamnesis, clinical and laboratory work up and before x-rays and invasive methods will be used. The sonographic characteristics for interpretation are described. Typical sonographic findings are demonstrated in 16 cases as in diseases of the cervix (inflammation, cyst), uterus (pregnancy, endometritis - pyometra), ovaries (cysts), and mamma (lactation, abscesses, tumors).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnosis of (intra)-cystic breast cancer].

Besides the known intracystic carcinoma of the breast there are also other cystic tumour types such as, for example, the cystically necrotized carcinoma of the mamma. Preoperative diagnosis of these tumours is effected via pneumocystography and aspiration cytology if mammography alone does not yet permit a definitive assessment of the tumour status. If sonography is used as the only additional examination, diagnostic errors are likely to happen. The well-known recommendation according to which sonographically identified ("simple") cysts can be left as they are, deserves further discussion under this aspect. The problems associated with histological classification and preoperative diagnosis are discussed taking five cystic carcinomas of the breast as basis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Immunohistochemical research on human breast tumors using monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filament proteins. Cancer of the breast].

Immunomorphologic study of 29 breast cancer cases using monoclonal antibodies to proteins of intermediate filaments shown to differentiate the lining epithelium from myoepithelium in the non-proliferating epithelial structures of the mamma, has shown the cells in the majority of tumours (according to the International WHO Classification defined as infiltrating ductal, lobular, and tubular cancer forms) to contain prekeratin (PK) C12, specific for normal lining epithelium, but not for the myoepithelium. In cases of cancer with chondroid metaplasia (a malignant variant of the so-called "mixed tumour") the cells contained PK E3, vimentin and structural myosin, normally specific for myoepithelium. The cell heterogenicity in PK C12 content or its absence noted in the infiltrating cancers with predominance of a solid component can indicate a high degree of tumour anaplasia. It is concluded that usage of monoclonal antibodies to PK C12, invariably found in the cells of fibrotic invasion foci, can be a useful indicator for early diagnosis of infiltrative tumour growth.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Endotoxin-induced bovine mastitis: immunoglobulins, phagocytosis, and effect of flunixin meglumine.

Milk whey immunoglobulins (Ig) and phagocytosis of staphylococci by milk polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMN) were measured in 12 cows (allotted to 6 pairs) during acute bovine mastitis induced by intramammary inoculation of endotoxin. Six of these cows (or 1 in each pair) were treated with flunixin meglumine and were compared with the others (given only saline solution). The endotoxin inoculation comprised 10 micrograms of Escherichia coli O26:B6 lipopolysaccharide injected into one of the rear quarters (mammae). Flunixin meglumine was administered parenterally at a dosage of 1.1 mg/kg every 8 hours (total of 7 doses) beginning at 2 hours after endotoxin was injected. Milk samples were obtained, and whey samples were prepared from each quarter of each cow 3 times before inoculation and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, and 336 hours after endotoxin was inoculated. Significant increases (P less than 0.05) in milk whey IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and IgA concentrations were observed in whey samples from endotoxin-inoculated quarters. Greatest relative increase was seen for IgG2. Increased whey Ig concentrations were not observed in quarters which were not inoculated with endotoxin. Concentrations of whey IgG1 and IgM in endotoxin-inoculated quarters were significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased in flunixin meglumine-treated cows, compared with those in saline solution-treated cows. Significant increases in phagocytosis of staphylococci by milk PMN were observed in whey samples from endotoxin-inoculated quarters. Significant differences in PMN phagocytosis were not found in whey samples from cows given flunixin meglumine when compared with whey samples from cows given saline solution.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

[Radiation treatment of plastic induration of the penis].

Between 1969 and 1984, a group of 54 patients with plastic induration of the penis was treated at the Medical Radiation Institute of the University of Tübingen. During the first years conventional X-ray irradiation was applied, and since 1974 patients were submitted to 3 or 5 MeV electron irradiation of a linear accelerator, until a total focal dose of 20 Gy was accumulated. 78% of these patients were between 50 and 60 years old. Sixteen patients suffered from a simultaneous Dupuytren contracture, one patient had a fibrosis of mamma virilis. The treatment results reached from satisfactory until very good in 69% of all cases. Complete regression or a considerable improvement was obtained for indurations in 59%, for deviations in 69%, and for erection algesia in 79%. Radiogenic damages can be excluded in case of a gonad exposition of 0.2 Gy. There were no permanent cutaneous lesions after a total focal dose of 20 Gy. The prognostic importance of an early treatment is underlined; late stages presenting ossifications can be treated only by surgery. For routine diagnosis of site, extent, and possible mineralization of the regions involved, soft ray phallography performed with the technique of mammography can be used.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Method of embedding the breast in acetylcellulose].

A new method of preparation and embedding the mamma from mature and elderly women has been suggested for the total histologic study. Acetylcellulose obtained from safety film (used for x-ray, cinema and photography) was used as an embedding material instead of celloidine that is not readily available. The method suggested can be widely applied both for research, and practical activities of pathoanatomists in total histotopographic study of the organ.

Breast↗
PubMed1987

[Behavior of some tumor markers (secretory immunoglobulin A, pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein, circulating immune complexes in the serum of patients with breast tumors].

Concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA), pregnancy associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) were estimated in serum samples of 20 blood donors, 14 patients with benign mamma tumors, 44 patients with mastopathies and 33 patients with breast cancer disease. The proteins were determined by means of the single radial immunodiffusion and the polyethylene glycol precipitation. S-IgA serum concentrations of the cancer group compared with those of the benign tumors, were increased significantly (benign tumors: mean = 40.27 mg/l; s = 15.61; carcinoma disease: mean = 78.87 mg/l; s = 72.80). alpha 2-PAG serum concentrations of the cancer-and benign tumor group as well as the mastopathy group were also increased significantly in comparison with the blood donor group (blood donors: mean = 143.75 mg/l; s = 198.50; benign tumors: mean = 295.85 mg/l; s = 232.64; mastopathies: mean = 190.86 mg/l; s = 177.77; carcinoma disease: mean = 192.52 mg/l; s = 172.88).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A common epithelial cell surface antigen (EPM-1) on gastrointestinal tumors and in human sera.

A common epithelial cell surface marker (EPM-1) was defined by two monoclonal antibodies (Pa-25 and Pa-42), raised against a pancreatic tumor cell line (Capan-1). Both monoclonal antibodies were tested on 49 cultured human cell lines and 244 tissue samples and reacted with all 76 tissue samples of 20 different normal epithelial cell types and with 57 of 63 epithelial tumor tissue samples of nonendocrine origin. Included were eight exocrine pancreatic carcinomas. There the percentage of EPM-1 positive tumor cells correlated with tumor grading. EPM-1 was detectable on the cell surface of cultured human cell lines of the pancreas, liver, colon, and mamma. Some epithelial tumor cell lines did not express EPM-1 on the cell surface, but in the cytoplasm. 100 nonepithelial and epithelial endocrine tissue samples as well as 25 nonepithelial cultured tumor and normal cells were unreactive with monoclonal antibodies Pa-25 and Pa-42. These included cells of neuronal, endocrine, and mesenchymal origin. EPM-1 activity was purified from pancreas tumor cells Capan-1 and from human sera by high-performance liquid chromatography and its molecular weight amounts to about Mr 400,000. EPM-1 was detectable in bronchial, intestinal, and pancreatic secretions and saliva and serum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. EPM-1 values were high in the sera of normal individuals, but low or not detectable in most sera (21 of 31) of patients with gastrointestinal tumors. EPM-1 represents a novel differentiation marker for epithelial cell types, which should have a central role in the biology of normal and tumorous epithelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Comparison of the dorsal position with the semi-lateral position for irradiation of the breast].

In breast-conserving therapy of the mamma, patients are irradiated in a dorsal or hemi-lateral position. Both positioning techniques were investigated in twelve patients and then compared in order to assess the effect of the position on the dose distribution. It was shown that, in dependence on the individual conditions, both irradiation techniques can be used to optimize the dose distribution.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous tumors of 2000 Wistar TNO/W.70 rats in two-year carcinogenicity studies.

Eleven two-year toxicity/carcinogenicity experiments in control Wistar TNO/W.70 rats were started between 1973 and 1976. Tumors occurring were compiled on the basis of histopathological reports. Of the 1,000 male and 1,000 female rats at the beginning of the studies, 962 males and 968 females were evaluated. The remaining animals were unavailable due to autolysis or early death (before day 400). The histopathologic diagnosis for the eleven reports were performed by five different pathologists or groups of pathologists. A total of 827 tumors (375 in males and 452 in females) was seen in 686 rats (303 males, 383 females). 183 tumors (67 in males, 116 in females) were classified as malignant. 719 (86.9%) of all tumors and 120 (65.6%) of all malignant tumors were located in endocrine organs (pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreatic islets) or in genital organs (testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, ovaries, uterus, mammary gland). Average incidences of primary tumors found in the following organs were: pituitary 20.0%, thyroid 9.6%, uterus 9.2%, adrenals 4.1%, mamma 3.2%, testes 2.9%, ovaries 1.8%, skin 1.4% and 17 other organs each with a tumor frequency below 1%. This wide spectrum of spontaneous tumors with a mostly low incidence makes the Wistar rat a preferred strain for carcinogenicity studies. Despite nearly identical husbandry conditions, a marked variability was observed among experiments regarding the general incidence of benign and/or malignant tumors, particular tumors, and number of tumor-bearing animals. Differences in mortality among experiments had no pronounced effect on the variability of tumor incidences. Different evaluation criteria used by different pathologists did not appear to be a major cause of the observed variability with the probable exception of lesions in endocrine organs. The major cause would seem to be the biological variability of the animal material. The observed marked variability of tumor incidences between experiments would indicate that a considerable natural variability may also occur between groups of one carcinogenicity study. Therefore, information on historical control tumor data from the same rat strain kept under similar conditions is needed to interpret the incidences of tumors in carcinogenicity experiments.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Absolute and relative concentrations of immunoglobulins G, M, and A, and albumin in the lacteal secretion of sows of different lactation numbers.

The concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgM, IgA, and albumin in the lacteal secretion of 80 sows were measured not more than 14 times during lactation to determine whether the age of the sow, the anatomic location of the mammae, or the farrowing barn housing of the sow influenced Ig concentrations. The combined data indicated that there were lactation stage-dependent changes in the total Ig concentration, as well as changes in the relative importance of the 3 classes of Ig studied. Mean values of any one time point showed enormous variation in absolute values, with coefficients of variation ranging up to 70% The largest variations were observed between colostral samples obtained on the first day. The IgM showed the least variation on day 1. Such variations hindered attempts to statistically identify their source. Normalization of Ig concentrations in relation to albumin concentrations decreased some of the apparent variation. Normalized data accentuated the changeover from colostrum to milk which occurred after the first 3 days. There was also a 3-fold increase in IgA concentrations which occurred during the last 4 weeks of lactation. Data showed that older sows tended to have higher concentrations of all Ig. Lactation number-dependent increases in IgM and IgG were restricted to colostrum in lactation numbers higher than 4. Immunoglobulin A increased in a similar pattern and, in addition, increased in mature milk in sows with more than 2 lactations. The enormous variations observed seemed to be individual animal variations. This allowed only trends, rather than statistically significant differences, to be recognized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Albumins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cancer and age or: Cancer as a finite urn model].

The consideration is based on a finite urn model (drawn balls are not returned). One important conclusion is that increasing effects of selection on the surviving population are to be assumed only by selection of death. Inaccuracy of official death rates results from insufficiency in registration of the confidential part of death certificates. 57% (in females) and 58% (in males) of all malignant tumors (based on examinations in the presented autopsy material) are found beyond the age of 60. More rare than expected are multiple tumors: formal arguments for this are discussed, the phenomenon being explained by a considerably increased death rate. The spectrum of target organs for metastases in the age groups (over 60 years) is tabulated for the oesophagus, stomach, colon-rectum, lung, mamma and prostata as primary tumor localization. As it matastasizes each primary tumor localization shows a specific time course and a specific organ selection. The correlation between malignant tumors and concomitant non tumorous diseases is given special attention. The latter are regarded as indicator for the pathogenesis of tumor diseases. The conclusions are that the remaining population in the urn model is highly selected. This becomes more pronounced in the older and most advanced age groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[The tumor markers CEA, TPA and CA 19-9 and ferritin and osteocalcin in follow-up studies in breast cancer].

Radioimmunological determinations of the tumour markers CEA, TPA, CA 19-9, ferritin and also osteocalcin were carried out in 250 patients with ablatio mammae for breast cancer over a follow-up period of at least 1 year. Metastases were detected in 49 of the 250 patients. The normal control group comprised 193 healthy persons. CEA proved to be the most valuable tumour marker, but TPA and ferritin were also significantly elevated in metastatic breast cancer. Combined determination of all 3 parameters gave the best results. Additional measurement of CA 19-9 was helpful in only one of the 49 patients with metastases in whom the 3 other parameter were negative throughout. Hence, determination of CA 19-9 appears unnecessary in breast cancer. In progressive disease the markers generally increased and fell again following successful therapy. In a few cases the opposite was found or no changes were observed. Cases with small local recurrence or an additional carcinoma at an early stage did not exhibit increased marker values as compared to patients without metastases. Not infrequently the increase in markers preceded the manifestation of metastases by several months. Very high concentrations of tumour markers signify a poor prognosis. Osteocalcin was elevated in patients with bone metastases, but not soft tissue metastases. In general, however, it paralleled the serum alkaline phosphatase level.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[5MHz realtime sonography of the breast. 2. Examination technic and diagnostic value].

The diagnostic value of mamma-sonography using realtime technique was evaluated in a prospective study based on the experience of 452 pathomorphologically confirmed sonographic results. Large cysts (greater than 1 cm) were correctly classified as 97%, while small cysts (less than or equal to 1 cm) were recognized in 84%. Eighty-six percent of the fibroadenomas were visualized; 50% of these lesions were classified as "benign" and 34% as "equivocal--probably benign". In 70% of the patients with mastopathic alterations, no abnormalities were detected sonographically, except when cystic lesions (greater than 3 mm) were present. Fifty-percent of the in-situ-carcinomas and small carcinomas (less than or equal to 1 cm) were recognized, while 97% of the larger carcinomas (greater than 1 cm) were demonstrated. The frequency of the different echographic criteria was analyzed with regard to the pathohistological results.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1977

[Morphometry of breast tissue (author's transl)].

In conventional tissue slides it is possible to describe quantitatively the dysplasia of the breast with the aid of the Quantimet 720 and the image editor equipment. From several slides of each breast the areas of epithelium, lumina and connective tissue were measured out of 5 to 20 lobuli. The data were transformed into a descriptive index according to the formula: (epithelium--lumen): connective tissue. In normal mammae the indices are clustered and lower than 100. In the cases of increasing dysplasia the indices are scattered and elevated. In glands with carcinoma the normal values disappear, but the scattering and rising of indices increase. With these findings it seems possible to identify dysplasia in a precancerous state by morphometrical analysis.

Breast Diseases↗