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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Increased activity of lymph node cells in experimental thermal injury: changes in accessory cells in injured area-draining lymph nodes.

Accessory cell content and some of their functional characteristics were determined in regional lymph nodes which drain burn injury (DLN) in rats. Increase in percentages of non-specific esterase-positive cells and NBT+ macrophages and in numbers of dendritic cells were noted in cytospin preparations of draining lymph node cells (DLC) 24 and 72 h following thermal injury. An accumulation of B cells was also noted in the DLN paracortex region at these time points. Enrichment of ED1+ (rat macrophage marker) cells was noted in the adherent DLC population. Increased activity of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in conditioned medium from adherent DLC population and the increased stimulatory capacity of whole DLC or dendritic cell enriched-DLC fraction were noted in functional assays. Enrichment in accessory cells and an increase in their functional activity could contribute to the endogenous activity of regional lymph nodes which drain burned areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Natural killer (NK) activity of peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes in patients with genitourinary malignant tumors. 2. NK activity and T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes].

We investigated natural killer (NK) activity and T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes in order to examine the host's defence mechanisms against cancer. The materials were obtained from 26 patients with genitourinary cancer and 9 patients with benign diseases, who were used as controls. NK activity was measured by ATP-chemiluminescence (ATP) assay, a new method which is well correlated to the 51Cr-release assay, and T-lymphocyte subsets were stained with anti-Leu-2, -3, -4, -7, and -11 monoclonal antibody. The NK activity of regional lymph nodes was lower than that of the peripheral blood in all 35 cases, and the percentage of Leu 7+ and Leu 11+ cells was in agreement with that of the NK activity detected by ATP assay. In the peripheral blood, the percentage of Leu 3+ cells was lower in high stage patients than it was in low stage patients and controls, but in the regional lymph nodes it was paradoxically higher. The NK activity of regional lymph nodes against autologous tumor cells was low in 8 patients with bladder cancer. It appears from this study that the regional lymph nodes have no function as immunological barriers for metastasis and we therefore conclude that they should be dissected during surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Simultaneous occurrence of medullary and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland with metastases of papillary carcinoma to the cervical lymph nodes and the coinciding small B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma of the lymph nodes--a case report.

We report a case of a simultaneous occurrence of medullary and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland with metastases of a papillary carcinoma to the cervical lymph nodes and a concurrent small B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma revealed in the lymph nodes examined in a 71-year-old woman. The diagnosis was based on microscopic examination of surgical specimens and supported by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, P53 and RET mutation analysis was performed. In this case, the coincidence of medullary and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland may account for a true composite tumor. The coexistence of a small B-cell lymphoma in our patient may be explained by irradiation treatment undergone during the adolescence.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Effects of a protective hydrolyzed casein diet upon the metabolic and secretory responses of pancreatic islets to IL-1beta, cytokine production by mesenteric lymph node cells, mitogenic and biosynthetic activities in Peyer's patch cells, and mitogenic activity in pancreatic lymph node cells from control and diabetes-prone BB rats.

The effects of substituting a plant-based control diabetogenic diet (NIH diet) by a protective hydrolyzed casein diet (HC diet) upon selected metabolic and functional variables were recently investigated in Peyer's patch cells, splenocytes, mesenteric lymph node cells, and pancreatic islets from either control (BBc) or diabetes-prone (BBdp) BB rats. In the present work, the plasma d-glucose and insulin concentrations, the protein and insulin content of pancreatic islets, the metabolism of d-glucose, and its insulinotropic action in islets first cultured for 24 h in the absence or presence of IL-1beta, the production of IFN-gamma and IL-10 by mesenteric lymph node cells cultured for 48 h in the absence or presence of concanavalin A, the mitogenic activity of Peyer's patch cells and pancreatic lymph node cells in the absence or presence of the same lectin, and the biosynthetic activity of Peyer's patch cells were measured in the BBc and BBdp rats fed either the NIH or the HC diet. Two major novel findings emerged from this study. First, in immune cells, diet HC increased to a greater extent the responsiveness to concanavalin A of certain metabolic and functional variables in BBdp rats than in BBc rats. Second, pancreatic islet cells of BBdp rats were less sensitive to IL-1beta than those of BBc rats and this difference was further accentuated when the animals were fed the HC rather than the NIH diet. These findings afford further support to the view that, in BB rats, changes in the biological behavior of Peyer's patch cells, mesenteric and pancreatic lymph node cells, and pancreatic islet cells participate in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and its prevention by a suitable dietary manipulation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients with metastatic sentinel nodes.

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been shown to be relatively accurate in axillary nodal staging in breast cancer. In more than half of the patients with metastatic sentinel lymph node (SLN), the SLN was the only lymph node involved in the axilla. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for those female Chinese breast cancer patients who underwent SLNB. All patients had axillary dissection after SLNB. Those patients with metastatic SLN were selected for analysis. Various tumour factors and SLN factors were analysed to study the association with residual lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: A total of 139 SLNB was performed. The success rate of SLN localization, false negative rate and accuracy were 92%, 9% and 95%, respectively. Fifty-five patients had metastases in the SLN. In 38 patients (69%), SLN was the only lymph node involved in the axilla. Tumours <3 cm, a single metastatic SLN, presence of micro metastases and the absence of extracapsular spread in the SLN were associated with the absence of metastasis in the non-sentinel lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is accurate in the nodal staging of Chinese breast cancer patients. Several factors such as tumour <3 cm, a single metastatic SLN, micro metastases and the absence of extracapsular spread in the sentinel node(s) are useful predictors for the absence of residual disease in the axilla. With further studies and verification, these factors may prove to be important in determining which patients with metastatic SLN will require further axillary treatment. Until such information is available, axillary dissection should be performed when positive sentinel nodes are found.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Lymph node eosinophilic granuloma. Apropos of 2 cases of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis with isolated lymph node involvement].

The authors report two cases of isolated lymph node involvement by Langerhans' cell histiocytosis which affected two young children. The histologic aspect reveals that lymph nodes have been modified by a proliferation of large histiocyte-like cells, associated with eosinophils. An immunohistochemical study on paraffin sections and for one case on frozen sections, reveals the usual phenotype of Langerhans' cells: these cells stain positively with S 100 protein and CD1 and are negative for both lysozyme and al antichymotrypsine. After a period of two years for one child and four years for the other, these children are in total remission, one spontaneously, the other after chemotherapy.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2006

Removal of more lymph nodes may provide better outcome, as well as more accurate pathologic findings, in patients with bladder cancer--analysis of role of pelvic lymph node dissection.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the role of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. The diagnostic and therapeutic role of PLND is still controversial in bladder cancer. The extent of PLND and the necessary number of lymph nodes to remove have not been defined. METHODS: This retrospective review included 146 patients with refractory superficial and muscle-invasive disease treated with radical cystectomy, regional PLND (internal iliac, external iliac, and obturator nodes) and urinary diversion from January 1990 to December 2002. RESULTS: Lymph node metastases were detected in 25 patients (17.1%). The average number of nodes removed in the node-positive and node-negative patients was 13.9 and 14.2, respectively. Although no difference was found in disease-specific survival in the node-negative patients when stratified by the number of nodes removed (13 or more versus less than 13), a significant survival advantage was found in the node-positive patients with 13 or more nodes removed versus less than 13 nodes removed. The patients with four or more positive nodes had a worse outcome than those with less than four positive nodes. However, even if the patients had less than four positive nodes, the survival of patients with less than 13 nodes removed was as poor as that of the patients with four or more positive nodes. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, the removal of 13 or more pelvic lymph nodes was essential for more accurate pathologic examination to predict patient outcome and contributed to an increased chance of survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Preoperative treatment of lymph node metastases of gastric cancer by local injection of 5-FU adsorbed on activated carbon--clinical study of 5-FU concentration in resected lymph nodes].

The concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in blood and lymph node of 55 patients with gastric cancer who were endoscopically injected 250 mg of 5-FU alone or adsorbed on activated carbon into the gastric wall or 300 mg of 5-FU dry syrup orally before operation, were measured chronologically. The concentration of 5-FU in blood were similar in all cases but higher in lymph node in the group given adsorbed preparation than other cases. In the cases given adsorbed preparation, the lymph node concentration was remained high 7 days after injection, and in 37% cases more than the minimum inhibitory concentration of 5-FU remained. Therefore, for the purpose to elicit anticancer effect on micrometastasis in lymph nodes in the patients with gastric cancer, endoscopically preoperative injection of 5-FU adsorbed on activated carbon seemed to be useful.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1975

Role of the regional lymph node in neoplasia: cellular mediated reactivity in vitro by autologous regional or distant lymph nodes or peripheral blood lymphocytes of dogs with spontaneous neoplasms.

This report concerns the in vitro reactivity of lymphocytes obtained from regional (draining) lymph nodes, distant nodes and peripheral blood against autochthonous spontaneous neoplasms. Tumors, blood and lymph nodes were collected aseptically prior to necropsy. Primary tumor cultures were established. Viable tumor cells were first incubated with media or autologous sera and then various numbers of lymphocytes were added. The mixtures were rotated for 60 minutes and then plated. Two and/or five days later cultures were terminated and viable target cells counted. The results of the tests were similar regardless of the lymphocyte source utilized. In vitro tumor cell cytotoxicity by high numbers (1000:1 lymphocytes to tumor cells) of any autologous lymphocytes and interference of such reactivity by autologous sera were demonstrated. Low numbers (100:1) of any lymphocyte source lead to tumor growth stimulation. Animals with spontaneous neoplasms are probably the best model for the study of human clinical oncology. Our data demonstrate that in these animals lymphocytes obtained from regional nodes were not unique in their reactivity to tumors. It is possible that early in the disease the draining node may play a vital role in initiation of host response; however, later its importance probably diminishes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1954

Studies on the transfer of lymph node cells. III. Effects of variation in the interval between the injection of antigen into the donor and collection of its lymph node cells.

At various intervals, from 10 minutes to 21 days, after the injection of dysentery bacilli into the hind foot pads of rabbits the popliteal lymph nodes were excised. The cells of the lymph nodes were teased free, washed, and injected intravenously into normal rabbits. In each case aliquots of the same cell suspension were either incubated at 37 degrees C. for 24 hours or heated at 52 degrees C. for 20 minutes and then injected into other normal rabbits, as controls. In the case of lymph node cells obtained 4 or 3 days after the injection of antigen, antibody was found in the serum of recipients on the 1st day after the transfer of untreated cells. The titer increased until the 3rd day and then began to decline after the 5th or 7th day. In the sera of recipients of incubated cells antibody was not found, except on occasion after the 4th day and in low titer. This late appearance of antibody was attributed to the presence of small amounts of antigen in the original cell suspension. As the interval between injection of antigen and collection of cells was increased beyond 4 days the effectiveness of the transfer decreased progressively until at 14 days no transfer effect was obtained. When cells which were obtained 2 days after the injection of antigen were transferred, antibody appeared on the 2nd day after transfer and then followed the characteristic curve, whereas in the case of incubated cells antibody did not appear until the 3rd day after transfer. After the transfer of untreated 1 day cells antibody did not appear in the recipient until the 3rd day, and then followed the type of curve seen with 2, 3, and 4 day cells. Following transfer of incubated 1 day cells antibody also appeared on the 3rd day. To establish the possibility of eliciting the cell transfer effect as early as 1 day after the injection of dysentery bacilli, recipient rabbits were x-irradiated 24 hours prior to the injection of cells. It was found that in the sera of such recipients of untreated cells antibody appeared on the 3rd day following transfer, while irradiated recipients of incubated cells did not develop any measurable amounts of agglutinin for the first 10 days. It was concluded that a total of 3 days was required between the injection of antigen into the donor and the appearance of measurable antibody in the serum of the recipient, regardless of the fraction of that time spent by the cells in each of the animals involved, donor or recipient. Following the transfer of untreated cells removed from lymph node as early as 10 minutes after the injection of antigen distal to them, antibody could be found in the sera of x-irradiated recipients 4 days later, whereas antibody did not appear following the transfer of heated cells to such recipients.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Principles of surgical treatment for carcinoma of the esophagus: analysis of lymph node involvement.

Extensive lymph node dissections in the posterior mediastinum and abdomen were performed during resections of esophageal carcinomas. Analysis of lymph nodes demonstrated a widespread distribution of positive lymph nodes regardless of the location of the tumor. The distribution of positive lymph nodes was noticed in the area between the superior mediastinum and the celiac region. The studies were also made on the distribution of positive lymph nodes in the superior gastric region, particularly in the region of the lesser curvature of the stomach. The following principles should be followed when carcinoma of the esophagus is surgically treated. 1) Lymph node dissection of the whole length of the posterior mediastinum, superior gastric region, and celiac region must be performed. 2) Total thoracic and abdominal esophagectomy with resection of the proximal lesser curvature and cardia, including the first to fourth branches, and preferably the fifth branch of the left gastric artery, is mandatory in order to remove possible lymphatic and intramural spread of tumors. 3) Satisfactory esophageal replacement in one stage must follow. Of the Toranomon Hospital, 210 underwent resections and reconstructions, for a resectability rate of 59.3%. The operative mortality rate was 1.4% and the overall five-year survival rate was 34.6%.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lymph node accessory cells in the immune response. The primary response to paratyphoid vaccine in rat parathymic lymph nodes.

The immune response in the rat parathymic lymph node was studied after administration of antigen into the peritoneal cavity. Special attention was paid to the accessory cells, which might induce the response. During the induction phase of the response a heterogeneous population of non-lymphoid mononuclear cells was present in the subcapsular sinus and the cortex of the node. These cells resemble "veiled cells" described in skin draining lymph and interdigitating cells in the paracortex of skin draining lymph nodes, but they do not contain Birbeck granules. It is concluded that the appearance of these granules depends on the site of the exudate provocation and that the presence of the organelles in these accessory cells is not obligatory for lymphocyte stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The architecture of rat lymph nodes. IV. Distribution of ferritin and colloidal carbon in the draining lymph nodes after foot-pad injection.

Rat popliteal and the iliac lymph nodes were examined after foot-pad injections of colloidal carbon and ferritin-tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. Carbon rapidly entered medullary sinuses, but the entry of carbon into the interstitium was prohibited by avid phagocytosis, by sinus macrophages and by the lymphoendothelium, which apparently formed a barrier to diffusion. In contrast, little carbon was phagocytosed in subcapsular sinuses, from where the particles entered the underlying cortex through holes in the lymphoendothelium created by penetrating frilly cells. The distribution of ferritin was similar to that of carbon. Both carbon and ferritin localized poorly in follicles; however, preinjection of specific antibody caused enhanced follicular localization of ferritin. By electron microscopy clusters of ferritin molecules were found on the surface of dendritic cells. These cells showed different morphology from that of the interdigitating cells of the paracortex. The latter cells did not bind ferritin to their surface, even in the presence of specific antibody.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

In transit/local recurrences in melanoma patients after sentinel node biopsy and therapeutic lymph node dissection.

This study has analyzed the incidence of in transit/local recurrences (IT/LR) in melanoma patients after sentinel node (SLN) biopsy; completion lymph node dissection (CLND) that was performed due to positive node; and therapeutic LND (TLND) due to clinically detected node metastases and factors influencing IT/LR. Between May 1995 and May 2004, 1187 consecutive patients underwent SLN biopsy (median Breslow thickness 2.5 mm) and 224 of them had subsequent CLND. During the same time period, 306 patients had TLND (median Breslow 3.9 mm). The excision margin of primaries was > or =1cm. At median follow-up time of 37.5 months, we analyzed the incidence of IT/LR as the first site of relapse and clinicopathological parameters affecting these recurrences. In SLN-negative cases, IT/LR as the site of the first recurrence were rare (46/963; 4.8%) and; in SLN+/-CLND IT/LR were detected in 45/224 cases (20.1%). IT/LR in SLNB group correlated with presence of SLN metastases (P<0.0001), higher Breslow thickness (P<0.001) and lower extremity localization (P=0.03). In TLND group, IT/LR were observed in 52/306 patients (17%), which is similar to all CLND patients (P=0.3), but less common when analyzing only patients who relapsed (TLND: 52/209 (24.9%) vs. CLND: 45/121 (37.2%); P=0.02). Estimated 3-year overall survival (from the date of relapse) in IT/LR only patients was better than in other types of relapses after LND (29% vs. 8%; P<0.0001). IT/LR incidence in the entire group of SLN+/-CLND patients was similar to that observed in TLND patients and it was affected by presence of nodal metastases, Breslow thickness and lower extremity location.

Adolescent↗