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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Prognosis of aphasia by fitting growth curves.

The recovery of word-emission ability by Japanese aphasics was examined quantitatively. The scores on a word-emission task were obtained in a series of language tests for aphasia. 17 aphasics were asked to utter names of animals, giving as many as possible within a minute. The task was repeated four times at intervals of 104.1 days on the average, ranging from 27 to 271 days. The score on the word-emission task was estimated by fitting a growth curve to scores on the former three tests. Modified exponential, logistic, and Gompertz curves were used for estimation. All estimated scores by three growth curves were larger than the observed scores. The modified exponential curve which does not have an inflection point produced the most remarkable error. Between two curves which have an inflection point the logistic curve produced less error than the Gompertz curve. The difference in error of estimation was due to the difference in the saturation level of the two curves.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The assessment of specific neuropsychological skills using scales derived from factor analysis of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological battery.

The major scales of the Luria--Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery have been factor analyzed in a series of recent studies. These factors tend to be organized around one or two basic neuropsychological skills. The present study developed 30 scales of items loading heavily on those factors and determined performance norms on the scales on a group of 81 normal subjects. The Luria--Nebraska Battery was administered to eight groups of subjects with brain-damage localized to the frontal, sensorimotor, parietal-occipital or temporal areas of the right or left hemisphere. The performance of each of these groups on the 30 factor scales is described. The factor scales appear to facilitate assessment of specific skill deficits and appear potentially useful for both diagnosis and rehabilitation.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1999

Broad band spectral EEG parameters correlated with different IQ measurements.

The relationship of IQ (measured by WAIS and all its subscales) and EEG broad band spectral parameters were studied in 40 right-handed, male volunteers ranging in age from 20 to 25 years old. EEGs were recorded in 20 derivations during rest with eyes opened. The results obtained reveal positive and negative correlations with abundant frontal participation in all bands. Mean frequency data show a frequency shift in a very narrow range suggesting that more relations in narrow band could be achieved. These results highlight the need of psychological tests that measure more homogeneous abilities and finer measurement technique to reveal clearly explainable correlations and demonstrate that EEG recordings do reflect intellectual abilities.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cognitive recovery during the first year after severe blunt head injury.

Cognitive recovery was examined in 24 severe closed head injured patients tested at 3, 6 and 12 months after injury, and 12 patients tested, in addition, at one month. A retested non-head injured control group was used, and where appropriate, alternative test forms were employed to control for practice effects. Tests of intellectual, perceptual/constructional skills, linguistic and memory functions were used, showing that by 12 months the only statistically significant differences between head injured and control patients were on learning and constructional tasks. Individual patients showed widely varying recovery patterns which made prediction of recovery difficult.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Meta-syntactic therapy using visual coding for children with severe persistent SLI.

The results of a pilot study into meta-syntactic therapy using visual coding for four children (age 11-13 years) with severe receptive and expressive specific language impairment (SLI) are presented. The coding system uses shapes, colours and a system of arrows to teach grammatical rules. A time-series design established baseline pre-therapy measures of comprehension and production of both passives and 'wh' questions. All participants made progress with passives and this was significant in three cases of the four. Comprehension and production of 'wh' questions also improved in all participants, although this did not always reach statistical significance. The results indicate that meta-syntactic therapy of grammatical rules, capitalizing on visual strengths, can improve both comprehension and production in secondary age children with severe persistent SLI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A framework for assessing communication in mental illness.

Many studies support the notion of semantic and/or pragmatic difficulties in people with mental illness. This paper describes a framework (based on a discourse analysis model) for the assessment and reassessment of communication in mentally ill persons.

Communication Disorders↗
PubMed1991

Academic achievement among undergraduate nursing students: the development and test of a causal model.

This article tested relationships among variables depicted in a causal learning model of academic achievement developed by the authors. The Learning and Study Skills (LASSI), Life Experience Survey (LES), and ASSET test were administered to 134 first-semester nursing students at a 2-year community college. The path analysis supported 11 of the 14 pathways tested. Language ability, reading ability, and self-efficacy were found to be direct effects on academic achievement. When self-efficacy was the criterion, students' language ability, math ability, motivation, and concentration and preparation for class were direct effects. Life stress, motivation, and self-monitoring/use of study strategies were found to be direct effects on students' concentration and preparation for class. In turn, when the ability to self-monitor and use study strategies was the criterion, motivation was the only direct effect. Overall, the model explained 46% of the variance in academic achievement.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Course of recovery from motor aphasia in four patients with localized lesions in the vicinity of Broca's area].

The neuropsychological signs and prognosis of patients with localized lesions in the vicinity of Broca's area of the left inferior frontal gyrus have been controversial. We studied periodic changes in the neuropsychological signs of four patients who had relatively localized lesions in the vicinity of Broca's area and manifested aphasia of the non-fluent type. The ages of the four patients at the onset were 62, 66, 30 and 37 years. The localized lesions in their brains were the result of brain infarctions revealed by CT scans, and included so-called Broca's center in the left inferior frontal gyrus along with adjacent brain tissue. The neuropsychological signs of the four patients were periodically assessed by means of the standard language test of aphasia (SLTA). In the early stage of aphasia, they had moderate difficulties in speaking to explain test materials or recall words and mild difficulties in reading aloud, repeating and writing words. One year later, most of their neuropsychological signs disappeared except for mild difficulties in speaking fluently and recalling words. It should be noted, however, that all four patients were able to return to their previous occupations one or two years later, because they had recovered from aphasia. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that the neuropsychological signs of Broca's aphasia caused by relatively localized lesions in the left inferior frontal gyrus are mild and largely disappear within one or two years.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A study of factors affecting the communication ability of aphasics].

Standard Language Test of Aphasia (SLTA) may not represent sufficiently about communication ability of aphasic patients. Therefore authors studied factors affecting the communication ability of aphasic patients. Subjects were 66 aphasic patients treated in the Department of Communication Clinic, Atami General Hospital. These patients were divided into 2 groups; good communication (41 cases) and bad communication groups (25 cases) according to the result of communication ability test. Factors affecting the communication ability are then examined by quantitative analysis class 2. Nine factors, severity of aphasia, self-modification in speech, memorization disorder, disturbance of volition ability, the time elapsed since onset, disturbance of concentration and continuation ability, depressive state, shyness, positiveness are revealed to be greatly affecting the communication ability of aphasic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[School maladjustment common among children with very low birth weight Special attention and support are required during school start].

Children of very low birth weight (VLBW), defined as less than 1500 g, and normal birth weight controls (NBW) were enrolled in a long-term follow-up study. Five of 86 surviving VLBW children had a neurological handicap. Seventy VLBW children and 72 NBW children were re-examined at the age of nine, which entailed a neurological examination, a non-verbal intelligence test and a test for reading ability, mathematical skills and vocabulary. Their behavior was rated regarding hyperactivity, social behavior and fine and motor skills. The two groups differed with regard to the neurological examination and the tests, with poorer results shown for the low birth weight group. The VLBW children were also more hyperactive and scored lower on fine motor skills. Considering only those who scored normally as regards non-verbal intelligence (54% of VLBW children and 88% of controls), practically all differences disappeared.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical diagnostic and intervention studies of children with semantic-pragmatic language disorder.

The diagnosis of semantic-pragmatic language disorder (SPLD) has been the subject of a number of research studies over the last two decades. Classification and diagnostic debates, while illuminating, have done little to develop tools to improve services to these children. In this paper, two children whose communication difficulties are suggestive of an SPLD diagnosis but who have differing profiles are studied. Using existing models of psycholinguistics and pragmatics to guide assessment and intervention, the diversity of language and social communicative behaviours that are covered by the label SPLD are exemplified. Consideration is given to whether the term SPLD is appropriate for both children or whether Bishop's revision of the diagnosis to 'pragmatic language impairment' might be more useful. Methods of intervention and evaluation for semantic and pragmatic deficits in these two cases are described. It is argued that existing tools can enable accurate explanation and modelling of the communication of children with SPLD and that there is a role for intervention studies in helping to refine those tools, to improve therapies and to understand the nature of the condition more fully.

Child↗
PubMed2002

[A case of conduction aphasia due to small infarction in the left parietal lobe].

This is a report on the patient with conduction aphAsia due to small infarction in the left parietal lobe. The patient is a right-handed man aged 74, who developed a speech disorder and mild paralysis of the right hand on November 13. 1996. A CT scan showed a small low-density in the supramarginal gyrus of the left parietal lobe. Standard Language Test of aphasia (SLTA) conducted at five days after admission to the hospital showed preserved auditory comprehension and phonemic para-aphasia symptoms with respect to volitional speech, naming, reading aloud and repetition. Frequent self-correction was also observed while repetition was not remarkably impaired. A test at three months after the onset revealed generally fluent speech, while there still remained occasional phonemic para-aphasia and self-correction for the speech disruption. Three years and four months later, most of the aphasic syndromes disappeared, although the patient claimed he still had difficulty in speaking. This case suggests that conduction aphasia can be caused by a lesion, though small, located in arcuate fibers of the cerebrum. The characteristics are phonemic para-aphasia with respect to general speech functions as well as self-correction toward target words. The indicated that lesions in the pathway connecting Broca's area and Wernicke's area causes difficulties in selecting accurate phonemes due to a malfunctioning interface between the two areas.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Training and generalization of expressive syntax in nonfluent aphasia.

Generalization of treatment effects remains a consistent goal of clinicians who treat aphasic adults. Specifically, various types of stimulus/response generalization designs are available, depending on the level of generalization desired. We have reviewed training matrices designed to elicit gestural subject-plus-verb targets and treatment studies designed to answer more global questions regarding treatment efficacy. As Kearns (1989) so eloquently states, "clinical accountability cannot, in fact, be fully achieved without documentation of communication skills trained in the clinic generalized to other settings and situations." Although the studies cited and data reviewed in this article did not meet this standard specifically, an attempt was made to provide a brief prelude to the data now emerging in the aphasiology literature. Additionally, with an increasing data base in the literature specific to generalization, more efficacious treatment paradigms will be made available. Clinicians treating aphasic adults thus should have the opportunity to choose the treatments shown to be most effective for a specific type and severity of aphasia.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Dysprosody associated with environmental auditory sound agnosia in right temporal lobe hypoperfusion--a case report].

A 60-year-old right-handed man showed dysprosody and agnosia for environmental sounds. His mother tongue was Japanese, and he could not speak foreign languages. He gradually developed difficulty in speaking from the age of 57 years, speaking non-native Japanese. In addition, he often complained of difficulty in hearing sounds, but audiometry showed no abnormalities. At the age of 60 years, the standard language test of aphasia showed no abnormalities in repetition, verbal comprehension, or reading, suggesting the absence of aphasia. However, in speaking, marked abnormality in rhythm, and occasional lack of postpositional particles and syllable-stumblings were observed. Writing was almost accurate, but a few grammatical errors were observed in speaking were observed. There were no cerebellar symptoms, pyramidal signs, pathologic reflexes, or abnormalities in phonation-related organs. Though the recognition of verbal sounds was maintained, impairment in the recognition of non-verbal sounds was observed. An environmental sound perception test showed correct answers only in 8 of 21 non-verbal sound sources (such as a car starting, glass breaking and so on), suggesting agnosia for environmental sounds. He insisted that the difficulty in perception was due to hearing impairment. However, re-examination with an increase in the sound volume showed similar results. He had no inconvenience in daily life and was not aware of agnosia for environmental sounds. He could recognize and differentiate sounds he heard once. His intelligence was normal, and neither apraxia nor frontal lobe symptoms were observed. MRI of the brain revealed slight atrophy of the right temporal lobe. Cerebral blood flow SPECT showed decreased blood flow from the superior temporal gyrus to the area around the arcuate fasciculi in the right temporal lobe. We considered that the lesion responsible for environmental auditory sound agnosia was present in the area around the secondary auditory area of the right temporal lobe and this patient differed from slowly progressive aphasia characterized by decreased blood flow in the left temporal lobe. Although the pathological process occurring in the area of hypoperfusion remained unclear, early stage of some degenerative disorders was more likely than cerebrovascular disease.

Agnosia↗