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PubMed1994

International labor movements, trade flows and migration transitions: a theoretical perspective.

"This article presents a theoretical analysis of how the processes of industrialization and development interact with international trade in goods or services to influence a country's turning point from labor exporter to labor importer. It is concluded that trade in goods complements capital movements but substitutes for labor movements, whereas trade in services and labor movements complement each other. The proposed analytical framework suggests that both international trade and migration may contribute to, but cannot lead to, a development process that brings about a migration transition in surplus labor economies."

Commerce↗
PubMed2000

Active population growth and immigration hypotheses in Western Europe.

The paper examines, in respect of 12 Western European countries over a period of 20 years, the widely held view that any decline in their working population should be offset by greater reliance on immigrant labor. This research, based on demographic projections and forecasts regarding labor market participation rates by age and sex for each of the countries concerned, focuses on the two most likely scenarios. It appears that only Italy will be faced with a fall in its working population. All other western countries will either maintain the same level or, more generally, see their workforce grow substantially. Accordingly, the authors may safely assert that there is no risk of a shortage of workers between now and the year 2020, and that an increasing supply of labor will render reliance on a greater influx of immigrant workers unnecessary. The second part analyses changes in the structure of the demand for labor. The authors deal chiefly with the phenomenon of the concentration of foreign manpower in each sector, its flexibility and mobility in a context of unemployment, as well as the impact of new technologies and globalization on the main determinants of international migration of labor.

Demography↗
PubMed1993

[Employment of cross-border workers in the Federal Republic of Germany].

The author analyzes the cross-border movement of labor migrants in Germany. The impact of increased integration among European Community countries is considered, and the pressure of migration from neighboring Eastern European countries is discussed. "Employment of workers from border regions [provides the] possibility of meeting the labour demand in the region, of alleviating the pressure to migrate by legalizing inflows and of balancing the interests of employers and cross-border workers, thus avoiding some of the negative side-effects or social costs of traditional labour migration." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND FRE AND RUS)

Demography↗
PubMed1995

Migration and social change: a longitudinal study of the social mobility of 'immigrants' in England and Wales.

"Data from the OPCS Longitudinal Study is used to examine the social mobility of 'immigrants' in England and Wales between 1971 and 1981. Three issues are raised: (i) in what respects and to what degree do 'immigrants' differ in their social mobility characteristics from the norm set by the population as a whole?; (ii) in what respects and to what degree do 'immigrants' differ amongst themselves in their social mobility characteristics according to their country of origin?; and (iii) how do 'second-generation immigrants' and recently-arrived immigrants differ in their social class locations from those who have been in the British labour market for a considerable length of time?" (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Demography↗
PubMed1981

Recent Irish migration: a note on a neglected data source.

"This paper uses unpublished tabulations from the British Labour Force Survey of 1977 to provide an independent estimate of net migration to Ireland over the period 1971-79.... The paper also describes the characteristics of Irish emigrants to Britain in the year preceding the survey. Notwithstanding sustained net immigration since 1971, Ireland still experiences a significant outflow of economically active migrants. The skill level of such migrants would appear to be somewhat higher than that of their predecessors." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Data Collection↗
PubMed1997

Immigration and the modern welfare state: the case of USA and Germany.

"This article presents a comparison of the inclusion of migrants into welfare programmes in the USA and in Germany. In the first part of the article a brief overview is provided of immigration categories in both countries in order to demonstrate the relevance of these administrative regulations for the opportunities of individual migrants to participate in the welfare system. In the second part we elaborate in more detail on how welfare programmes have developed as basic mechanisms to include or exclude migrants. Our findings illustrate an increasing differentiation of membership statuses parallel to the expansion of modern welfare systems. In both the USA and Germany, the territorial principle and participation in the labour market are of prime importance to the access to social rights. In both cases all migrants may profit from contributory programmes."

Americas↗
PubMed1985

Asian immigrants in Canada: some findings from 1981 census.

Immigrant characteristics in Canada are analyzed using data from the 1981 census. "The purpose of this paper is to focus on Asian immigrants and to compare them with immigrants born in the United Kingdom, and also to compare them with Canadian-born persons with respect to age, sex, marital status composition, educational attainment, labour force participation, class of worker, occupation and income." (summary in FRE, SPA)

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1993

Economic internationalization: the new migration in Japan and the United States.

"The general proposition argued in this paper is that international migrations are embedded in larger social, economic and political processes.... The first section of the paper addresses the impact of economic internationalization on the formation of new immigration flows into the U.S. during the last 25 years. The second section examines both the magnitude and forms of Japan's recent economic presence in South and Southeast Asia. The third and fourth sections briefly review questions of policy in the U.S. and Japan during the last few years.... The fifth section conveys evidence of illegal immigration to Japan. The sixth section discusses conditions in receiving countries that make possible the adaptation of immigrants with a view to understanding how illegal immigrants in Japan could become part of the Japanese economy involving Japanese employers deeply steeped in an anti-immigration culture." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Acculturation↗