Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LIP”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Treatment of developmental defect of upper lip with carbon dioxide laser radiation (CO2): first surgical time.

With the exception of the cleft lip, developmental defects (DD) of the lip are rare. The upper lip originates from the ectomesenchyme and is formed by the merging of the nasal medial and lateral processes with the maxillary process. Disturbances during this formation period can cause DD with functional and/or esthetic repercussions. We present a case of DD of the upper lip in a patient with a history of progressive growth of the left lateral portion of the upper lip that occurred from the time of birth until the age of 22 years. Clinical examination revealed hypertrophy of the area from the left philtral columns to the left commissure of the lip, extending the portion of the surface mucosa creating a flaccid and asymptomatic tissue mass. All other buccal structures appeared to be within normal limits and without any evidence of defects or deformities. In the surgical planning we decided to carry out corrective surgery in two phases. The first phase accomplished a conservative excision of the total abnormal labial tissue mass with a CO2 laser radiation (5 W in continuous mode, bunch diameter Phi = 0.6 mm with a power density of 768 W/cm2 and fluency of 0.231 J/cm2) being careful to preserve the vermilion portion of the lip. Postsurgical clinical evaluations were done every three days until the skin sutures were removed and then every seven days until two months post surgery. While the entire mass of excessive tissue could not be completely removed, the removal of the excessive mucosal tissue produced a very good outcome relative to lip function, with a good esthetic result without scarring, and good tissue mobility. The results showed that the CO2 laser is an extremely useful instrument that can provide excellent control of the surgical field and allow for healing that produces excellent functional and esthetic results.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of lip incompetence by remote video surveillance and clinical observation in children with and without cerebral palsy.

This study aimed to compare two methods of assessing lip position so that an appropriate method could be used to assess whether a relationship existed between lip position and drooling in children with cerebral palsy. This investigation compared the use of a new, remote video surveillance (RVS) technique with direct clinical assessment of lip position by determination of intra- and inter-examiner agreement. Lip position was assessed in both techniques using the Jackson lip classification. Two groups of school children took part: one group suffered from cerebral palsy (CP), but the second group consisted of unaffected individuals. Based on Kappa statistics, intra- and inter-examiner agreements were generally found to be moderate for the individual methods (kappa = 0.48-0.54), whilst agreement between the two methods was found to be good (kappa = 0.68). The results showed moderately good examiner-agreement in the assessment of lip position, using either method and the Jackson lip classification. Consequently, lip position can be assessed by either RVS or direct clinical assessment, the choice depending on the physical circumstances surrounding the assessor and operator preference. However, RVS may offer a more unobtrusive approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Repair of unilateral cleft lip: a comparison of five techniques.

Repair of unilateral cleft lip is a challenging procedure with no single technique satisfactory for all types of unilateral cleft deformity. This study compares retrospectively five techniques of unilateral cleft lip repair in 72 children (45 boys, 27 girls). Twenty-two children had a Millard rotation-advancement repair, 5 children had a Davies Z-plasty, 22 had a modified Z-plasty, 10 had a Tennison-Randall triangular flap repair, and 13 had a Nakajima-Yoshimura straight-line repair. Assessment was performed clinically by a plastic surgeon not involved in the original surgery. Repairs were assessed objectively by measurement of the vertical length of both the repaired and normal sides of the lip with calipers. Subjective criteria used to evaluate the repair were the symmetry of Cupid's bow, the quality of scar, the alignment of white roll, the evenness of the vermilion, and the lip pout. The mean follow-up period was 5.4 years (range, 9 months-29 years). Sixty-five of the 72 repairs measured (90%) were within two standard deviations (SDs) of normal and thus were considered to be of "acceptable" length. Seven repairs were unacceptably short (>2 SDs) on measurement, six of which included a rotation-advancement repair for a complete cleft lip. Subjective results paralleled the objective results. The outcome following repair of unilateral cleft lip was similar for all five surgical methods assessed except for complete cleft lips repaired by the rotation-advancement technique, which tended to result in an unacceptably short lip as measured on the repaired side.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Cleft lip in the Talmud.

The authors address the problem of why the cleft lip anomalad is not mentioned even once in the Talmud, which contains detailed reports of numerous other forms of pathology and congenital anomalies. It also attempts to define the Sandal deformity, one of the most common congenital anomalies mentioned in the Talmud. It is assumed that cleft lip, the most common major facial defect, existed at the time of the Talmud. It is proposed that the Sandal deformity was actually made up of a number of entities grouped together because of a theorized common etiology, and that the cleft lip entity is included in the Sandal anomalad. This deformity, in its various forms, included, besides cleft lip, aborted tissue and products of gestation. They are all related to the common etiology of a twin gestation during which one fetus presses against the other causing the deformity. The Sandal was noted to look like the Sandal fish or sole, for which it is named. When photos of the Sandal fish and the cleft lip deformity are compared, a similarity is seen. In addition, this deformity apparently was thought to be fatal, and none of these babies survived. It is theorized that cleft lip babies were allowed to die because they were considered nonviable in the eyes of Jewish law. Supporting evidence for the ideas presented by the authors is derived from the talmudic texts and commentaries. If the Sandal does indeed include the cleft lip entity, the citation in the Mishnah (70-200 AD) makes it the earliest historical reference to the cleft lip deformity.

Bible↗
PubMed2004

Outcomes of tongue-lip adhesion for neonatal respiratory distress caused by Pierre Robin sequence.

Tongue-lip adhesion can be effective in relieving tongue-based airway obstruction in the neonatal period. However, longitudinal evaluation of these patients demonstrates they require additional procedures for ultimate control of their airway, feeding, and orthognathic relationship. Charts of patients with Pierre Robin sequence who underwent unsuccessful nonoperative treatment and tongue-lip adhesion procedures by the senior author between 1989 to 1999 were reviewed. In particular, secondary interventions were quantified and qualified to determine if tongue-lip adhesion was a definitive treatment of the pathology caused by this sequence. Eleven patients with ages ranging from 2 to 6 weeks underwent initial tongue-lip adhesion. Seven patients were syndromic (3 Stickler's, 1 Goldenhar's, 1 Fragile X, 1 Miller's, 1 chromosome 15 rearrangement), and four had isolated Pierre Robin sequence. Two patients had dehiscence of their initial repair within 2 weeks, for a primary surgical success rate of 82%, consistent with other published reports. A detailed follow-up of these patients revealed that 10 of 11 (91%) required additional intervention for airway or feeding issues. Of those requiring secondary intervention, an additional 1.9 secondary procedures were performed per patient to achieve control of the airway, feeding, and orthognathic problems. More than half of the patients needed gastrostomy tubes to overcome feeding difficulties. Five patients necessitated secondary surgery for recurrent airway obstruction within 4 months of the initial surgical treatment (four distractions and one repeat tongue-lip adhesion). Four others required distraction at an older age for orthognathic indications. Two patients were successfully treated with tongue-lip adhesion only. Tongue-lip adhesion has a high initial success rate for correction of neonatal airway obstruction. However, long-term follow-up indicates a high incidence of secondary intervention requirements. In retrospect, perhaps tongue-lip adhesion should be considered a temporizing procedure for most patients with Pierre Robin sequence.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1992

A model for fetal cleft lip repair in lambs.

Fetal wounds heal without inflammation and scar formation. This phenomenon may, in the future, be applicable to human cleft lip and palate repair. However, extensive experimental work must first be done to document the benefits of in utero repair. We developed a large animal model for creation and repair of a complete cleft lip and alveolus using fetal lambs. The cleft lip and alveolus deformity was created in eight 75-day-gestation fetuses (term = 145 days) and either repaired in three layers or left unrepaired. There were four sham-operated fetuses, and all animals were alive at harvest. Repaired, unrepaired, and control fetuses were harvested at 7, 14, 21, and 70 days following surgery. The unrepaired fetuses demonstrated a complete cleft lip and alveolus with an oronasal fistula. The maxilla was asymmetrical, with the greater segment deviated toward the cleft and with decreased anterior maxillary width. In contrast, repaired cleft lip and alveolus animals showed no scar, normal thickness of the lip, and a symmetrical maxilla. Histologic analysis of the repaired wounds showed evidence of tissue regeneration without scar formation. The results of this preliminary study indicate that the fetal lamb cleft lip and alveolus model is technically feasible with an excellent survival rate. Healing occurs without scar formation. In the repaired animals, the maxilla was symmetrical. This model will be used to document facial growth following in utero repair of a cleft lip and alveolus.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1993

Lip parameters in Nigerian children.

This is a study of lip dimensions in normal Nigerian children. It was carried out at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between January of 1986 and January of 1987. Two hundred and forty children of both sexes and aged from birth to 12 years had parameters relating to the anatomy of the human lip evaluated. The parameters determined included length of the upper vermilion arc, width of the mouth, and heights of the cutaneous upper lip and upper vermilion. All measurements were taken with the lips at rest. The length of upper vermilion arc and mouth width demonstrated a steady increase with age, mean male values being significantly greater than female values at 2 to 3 and 8 to 9 years. The heights of the cutaneous upper lip and upper vermilion showed an initial steady growth up to 6 years, followed by a decline in the rate of growth of the lip. There was a linear relationship between weight and height of the children and upper vermilion arc length, mouth width, and height of the cutaneous upper lip. Objective assessment of the size of the lip and mouth and surgical planning based on established standards are recommended.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Primary definitive nasal correction in patients presenting for late unilateral cleft lip repair.

Almost 25 percent of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients present with their deformity in their teens or later years in the developing world. Because more than 80 percent of the world population lives in the developing world, the established protocol for repair of these deformities is not applicable to these patients. Despite the magnitude, there are no significant reports in the literature that deal with this problem. Several issues need to be addressed, but the author limits himself here to the correction of the nasal deformity. The patients at this age are very much concerned with the aesthetic outcome. Procedures described hitherto for primary nasal correction in infants are not successful in restoring nasal shape and symmetry at this late age of presentation. Our experience with radical correction of secondary nasal deformity in unilateral cleft lip patients presenting late prompted us to extend the concept by undertaking a definitive primary correction of the nasal deformity in cleft patients presenting late. Twenty-two patients with unilateral cleft lip deformity (nine male patients and 13 female patients) with ages ranging from 13 to 22 years, presenting between August of 1997 and December of 2000, are included in this study. Of these, 11 patients had a cleft of the lip alone, eight also had a cleft of the alveolus, and three had a cleft of the palate continuous with the cleft lip. All patients showed some maxillary hypoplasia. An external rhinoplasty with lip repair was carried out in all patients. The corrective procedures on the nose included columellar lengthening; augmentation along the pyriform margin, nasal floor, and alveolus using bone grafts; submucous resection of the nasal septum; repositioning of lower lateral cartilages; and augmentation of nasal dorsum by bone graft. Clinical follow-up ranged from 4 to 24 months, and the median follow-up period was 13 months. Results have been very good, and much better than results seen earlier with other primary rhinoplasty techniques. While repairing unilateral cleft lip in adolescents, the author thinks it would be most appropriate to address the entire gamut of the deformity in a single stage, provide complete vector reorientation, and augment the hypoplastic elements by autologous tissue. It is not just the fear of poor follow-up, but that merely correcting the lip deformity in these patients without attempting definitive rhinoplasty, in the author's opinion, would be insufficient surgical intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Reconstruction of extensive composite mandibular defects with large lip involvement by using double free flaps and fascia lata grafts for oral sphincters.

BACKGROUND: Extensive composite mandibular defects involving large lip defects are the most difficult to repair among head and neck reconstructions. This study presents the authors' approach using double free flaps and fascia lata grafts for oral sphincters. METHODS: Ten patients were studied after ablative oral cancer surgery. Segmental defects of the mandible ranged from 6 to 14 cm. Cheek defects ranged from 9 x 6 cm to 15 x 12 cm, and intraoral defects ranged from 9 x 7 cm to 16 x 16 cm. Upper lip defects ranged from 10 percent to 50 percent, and lower lip defects ranged from 50 percent to 90 percent. A fibula osteocutaneous flap was used for reconstruction of mandibular defects and intraoral lining, and an anterolateral thigh flap was used for cheek and lip defects. Then, a sheet of fascia lata graft was used to reconstruct the oral sphincter. The tendon graft was passed into the subcutaneous layers of the reconstructed lip, woven into the remaining orbicularis oris muscle of the lip, and anchored to the upper lip near the philtral columns to complete the oral ring with adequate tension. RESULTS: Free flap survival was 100 percent. Complications included one patient with neck hematoma and distal anterolateral thigh flap necrosis, three patients with neck wound infection, and one patient with osteomyelitis of the mandible. All but one patient had adequate oral competence. All the patients were able to resume a soft diet. The speech ability was nearly normal for all the patients, and all the patients had gained an acceptable appearance. CONCLUSIONS: For extensive composite mandibular defects combined with large lip defects, immediate reconstruction with double free flaps and a fascia lata graft for oral sphincter has proved to be a useful option for better functional and cosmetic results.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Females vastly outnumber males in basal cell carcinoma of the upper lip. A peculiar subset of high risk young females is described.

BACKGROUND: It was noted that females, particularly young females, outnumbered males with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the upper lip among patients treated by Mohs micrographic surgery in Vancouver, British Columbia. OBJECTIVE: To investigate female-to-male ratios for BCC of the upper lip at the Vancouver Mohs micrographic surgery service, and to compare this with data from the provincial-wide registry as well as with worldwide data in the literature. METHODS: The female-to-male ratios by age group were determined for 136 upper lip lesions treated at the Mohs service from 1983 to 1992. Similar data were obtained from 731 perioral BCCs recorded at the provincial-wide registry from 1982 to 1989. The literature was reviewed for comparative data worldwide. RESULTS: At the Mohs service females outnumber males 3.5:1 for upper lip BCCs. Young females 30-39 years old outnumber males 16:1. Regional data from the British Columbia Cancer Registry confirm that females outnumber males 2:1 for the lip region (including upper lip, lower lip, nasolabial fold). This is significant when compared with all BCCs diagnosed in the province (ie, all sites), in which males outnumber females 1.3:1. Data from the literature worldwide confirm this relationship. CONCLUSION: BCC of the upper lip is a female-predominated disease. Young females are at a much higher risk for this disease than young males.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Modified von Bruns' technique for total lower lip reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: Large defects of the lower lip represent a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. The reconstructed lip should be sensate, retain muscle function, allow sufficient mouth opening for dentures, and have an acceptable aesthetic appearance. Many surgical techniques for lower lip reconstruction have been reported. We describe a modification of von Bruns' technique for reconstruction of the lower lip and both commissures. OBJECTIVE: To present a surgical technique for reconstruction of the lower lip and both commissures, which we applied in a patient with a huge squamous cell carcinoma of the total lower lip and part of the upper lip. METHODS: Two upper nasolabial flaps, one above the other, were used. The surgical technique is discussed. CONCLUSION: The technique is simple and is one stage. It provides complete support to the reconstructed lower lip and commissures.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2005

Improving lip wrinkles: lipstick-related image analysis.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The appearance of lip wrinkles is problematic if it is adversely influenced by lipstick make-up causing incomplete color tone, spread phenomenon and pigment remnants. It is mandatory to develop an objective assessment method for lip wrinkle status by which the potential of wrinkle-improving products to lips can be screened. The present study is aimed at finding out the useful parameters from the image analysis of lip wrinkles that is affected by lipstick application. METHODS: The digital photograph image of lips before and after lipstick application was assessed from 20 female volunteers. Color tone was measured by Hue, Saturation and Intensity parameters, and time-related pigment spread was calculated by the area over vermilion border by image-analysis software (Image-Pro). The efficacy of wrinkle-improving lipstick containing asiaticoside was evaluated from 50 women by using subjective and objective methods including image analysis in a double-blind placebo-controlled fashion. RESULTS: The color tone and spread phenomenon after lipstick make-up were remarkably affected by lip wrinkles. The level of standard deviation by saturation value of image-analysis software was revealed as a good parameter for lip wrinkles. By using the lipstick containing asiaticoside for 8 weeks, the change of visual grading scores and replica analysis indicated the wrinkle-improving effect. As the depth and number of wrinkles were reduced, the lipstick make-up appearance by image analysis also improved significantly. CONCLUSION: The lip wrinkle pattern together with lipstick make-up can be evaluated by the image-analysis system in addition to traditional assessment methods. Thus, this evaluation system is expected to test the efficacy of wrinkle-reducing lipstick that was not described in previous dermatologic clinical studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Lip kinematics in long and short stop and fricative consonants.

This paper examines lip and jaw kinematics in the production of labial stop and fricative consonants where the duration of the oral closure/constriction is varied for linguistic purposes. The subjects were speakers of Japanese and Swedish, two languages that have a contrast between short and long consonants. Lip and jaw movements were recorded using a magnetometer system. Based on earlier work showing that the lips are moving at a high velocity at the oral closure, it was hypothesized that speakers could control closure/constriction duration by varying the position of a virtual target for the lips. According to this hypothesis, the peak vertical position of the lower lip during the oral closure/constriction should be higher for the long than for the short consonants. This would result in the lips staying in contact for a longer period. The results show that this is the case for the Japanese subjects and one Swedish subject who produced non-overlapping distributions of closure/ constriction duration for the two categories. However, the peak velocity of the lower lip raising movement did not differ between the two categories. Thus if the lip movements in speech are controlled by specifying a virtual target, that control must involve variations in both the position and the timing of the target.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Human prenatal nasal bone lengths: normal standards and length values in fetuses with cleft lip and cleft palate.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present prenatal autopsy standards for nasal bone length in normal fetuses, as well as to compare nasal bone lengths in human fetuses with cleft lip and palate with those standards. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material consisted of human fetuses investigated in connection with diagnosed and legally approved abortions and spontaneous abortions; 40 were normal and 26 had cleft lip and palate (7 isolated cleft lip, 12 isolated cleft palate, and 7 combined cleft lip and palate). Menstrual ages (MA) ranged from 12 to 25 weeks, crown-rump length (CRL) from 55 to 210 mm and foot length (FL) from 7 to 44 mm. All fetuses were radiographed in lateral projection, and, using these images, the nasal bone lengths were measured with a digital caliper. Regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Standards for normal nasal bone length at different ages are expressed as menstrual age, crown-rump length, or foot length. Comparisons with normal standards showed that the isolated cleft lip group had a significantly smaller nasal bone length than the normal fetuses had. Fetuses with isolated cleft palate and fetuses with combined cleft lip and palate showed no significant deviation from normal standards. CONCLUSION: Normal nasal bone standards can contribute to information on deviations in nasal bone length for aborted fetuses with known and unknown genotypes. The differences in nasal bone lengths in fetuses with different lip and palate clefting can contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of cleft lip and palate.

Aborted Fetus↗
PubMed2006

Distinctive cortical articulatory representation in cleft lip and palate: a preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cortical representation of articulation of the bilabial plosive in patients with cleft lip and palate. DESIGN: We examined cortical representation for /pa/-articulation in cleft lip and palate patients using blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. SUBJECTS: Data from four postsurgical adult cleft lip and palate patients were compared with those from six healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Activation foci were found in the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex in all cleft lip and palate patients, as in the controls. The sensorimotor cortex ipsilateral to the side of cleft lip and palate showed greater activation in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients, whereas the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the side on which cheiloplasty had been performed earlier showed greater activation in a bilateral cleft lip and palate patient. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that there may be an ipsilateral dominance in cortical representation during bilabial articulation to the side of the cleft in the upper lip.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Comparative study between children with and without cleft lip and cleft palate, part 2: electromyographic analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to compare electromyographic (EMG) activity of superior orbicularis oris muscle between children with repaired cleft lip and cleft palate and children without clefts. METHODS: This study included 28 children with mixed dentition. They were divided into two groups. The study group included 14 children with repaired unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate, ranging in age from 6 to 12 years, who presented clinically with a short upper lip, abnormal lip seal, and inhibition of sagittal development of the midface as assessed radiographically. The control group included 14 children without clefts ranging in age from 8 to 11 years. All had normal lip seal, nasal breathing, and a clinically normal body posture. DESIGN: Bipolar surface electrodes were used for EMG recordings of resting level activity and during swallowing of saliva, speech, and chewing and swallowing of an apple. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A significantly higher level of activity at rest and during swallowing of saliva was observed in the cleft lip and cleft palate group. Similar activity during speech and chewing and swallowing of an apple was observed in both groups. The higher level of activity at rest and during swallowing of saliva in children with cleft lip and cleft palate seems to suggest that upon higher functional demands their activity increases less than in children without clefts. From a clinical point of view, if increased EMG activity at rest and during swallowing of saliva reflects increased force on the maxilla, then our findings may corroborate Bardach's findings (1990) that surgical treatment of cleft lip has an iatrogenic effect on facial growth, although the lack of significant correlation between the cephalometric data and EMG findings in the present study.

Child↗
PubMed2001

A lip seal study of Japanese children with malocclusion.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between lip seal and malocclusion in Japanese children. Fifty-three patients aged 7 to 14 years (mean 10.24 +/- 1.93) were selected randomly, and compared with 20 subjects with normal occlusion aged 7 to 14 years (mean 10.50 +/- 2.56). The subjects were divided into a good lip seal group and poor lip seal group by observing the distance between the upper and lower lip at rest. The variables that were analyzed for morphological evaluation included model analysis and cephalometric analysis. Noted for functional evaluation were tongue position, the size of the tonsils and adenoids and the oral muscle force measured by button pulling. In the evaluation of the degree of lip seal, there was no statistical difference between subjects with malocclusion and those with normal occlusion. Within the group with malocclusions, however, there were significant differences in overbite (p < 0.01), overjet (p < 0.01), and oral muscle force by button pulling (p < 0.05) between the good lip seal and poor lip seal groups. These results suggest that there is a need not only to correct malocclusion but also to be aware of lip sealing so that it may be improved in Japanese children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Lip seal study of Japanese adults with malocclusion.

The purpose of this study to clarify the factors an effecting lip seal in Japanese adults with malocclusion. Sixty-three malocclusion patients aged 20 to 27 years were randomly selected and compared with fourteen normal occlusion controls aged 22 to 26 years old. The subjects were divided into a good seal group and a poor lip seal group by observing the distance between the upper and lower lip at rest. Results of this adult study were as follows; There were no poor lip seals in normal occlusion subjects. Significant differences were observed for tongue thrust (p < 0.05) and mouth breathing (p < 0.05) between the good lip seal group and poor lip seal group of malocclusion subjects. Adults with poor lip seal should be treated for their malocclusion prior to be other functional approaches to improving their lip seal.

Adult↗