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Results for “Intestinal colonization”

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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The small intestine and colon: scintigraphic quantitation of motility in health and disease.

Radioisotopes allow accurate quantitation of the pattern and effectiveness of the transit of chyme through the small and large intestines. Abnormalities of small bowel transit can be demonstrated in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome, and patients with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction due to either a visceral myopathy or neuropathy. In the colon, radioisotopic studies of transit have demonstrated the site of delayed transit in some severely constipated patients. In patients with these disorders of transit, functional studies may influence the choice of medical or surgical therapy although there are few prospective studies which have established their worth in this context. Radioisotope studies can also be utilised to study the effectiveness of delivery of drugs to the small and large bowel, and to study the adequacy of rectal evacuation in patients with a defaecatory disturbance. The low radiation dose and possibility of frequent observations make radioisotope studies valuable for clinical and research studies in functional gastrointestinal disorders.

Colon↗
PubMed2000

Increased expression of intestinal P-selectin and pulmonary E-selectin during intravenous total parenteral nutrition.

HYPOTHESIS: Intravenous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) induces intestinal polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment with increased intestinal intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. While intercellular adhesion molecule-1 causes firm adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial cells, P- and E-selectin mediate leukocyte recruitment via rolling. Therefore, manipulation of nutrition may also affect P- and E-selectin expression in organs. DESIGN: Prospective randomized experimental trials. SETTING: Laboratory. MATERIALS: Male mice. INTERVENTIONS: Fifty-three mice were randomized to chow, intravenous TPN, or intragastric TPN. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: After 5 days of diet, mice were administered iodine 125-labeled anti-P-selectin antibody (or iodine 125-labeled anti-E-selectin antibody) and iodine 131-labeled nonbinding antibody to quantify P-selectin (or E-selectin) expression in organs (lung, liver, kidney, small intestine, colon, stomach, pancreas, mesentery, heart, and skeletal muscle). RESULTS: P-selectin in small intestine, colon, stomach, and pancreas in the intravenous TPN group increased significantly as compared with the chow and the intragastric TPN groups. E-selectin expression was up-regulated after intravenous TPN in the lung but not in other sites. CONCLUSIONS: In a time frame (5 days) when intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and neutrophil recruitment are increased, intestinal expression of P-selectin remains up-regulated. Early lung inflammatory changes are reflected by increases in E-selectin. This change may reflect early pulmonary dysfunction with intravenous TPN, but its significance requires further study.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Glutathione peroxidase acitvity in intestinal and liver tissues of rats fed various levels of selenium, sulfur and alpha-tocopherol.

The effects of various levels of selenium, alpha-tocopherol and sulfur on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in intestinal and liver tissues were determined in male rats fed corn-soybean or Torula yeast diets. Rats fed corn-soybean diets had greater GSH-Px activity in the small intestine, colon and liver tissues, catalase activity and selenium in the liver, and body weight gains than those fed Torula yeast diets. GSH-Px activity in the small intestine, colon, and liver tissues as well as concentration of selenium in the liver increased with increasing levels of selenium in Torula yeast diets but not with corn-soybean diets. Tocopherol supplementation had no significant effect on GSH-Px activity in rats fed Torula yeast or corn-soybean diets supplemented with selenium. Supplemental sulfur decreased GSH-Px activity in the small intestine tissues and increased activity in colon tissues.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1991

In vivo immediate early gene expression induced in intestinal and colonic mucosa by feeding.

Since the gut responds rapidly to food intake, the levels of expression of several immediate early genes were measured in mucosa from small and large intestine of rats starved for 3 days or refed. Within 1 h of refeeding, jejunal and ileal c-fos, jun B and zif/268 mRNA and colonic zif/268 dramatically increased. The zif/268 gene in jejunum corresponded in size to the full-length cDNA but, in ileum, an RNA band of about 1.2 kb in size increased greatly after feeding. This represents a physiologic in vivo model for the study of gene regulation associated with intestinal epithelial cellular responses to feeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Transit of a meal through the stomach, small intestine, and colon in normal subjects and its role in the pathogenesis of diarrhea.

A method for measuring the transit time of a meal, containing sausages, mashed potato, baked beans, and a pineapple custard dessert, through the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated in 14 healthy volunteers. Gastric emptying was determined by incorporating a radioactive marker in the meal and counting over the surface of the stomach using a crystal scintillation detector. Small intestinal transit time was determined by measuring breath hydrogen excretion and by estimating the radioactivity over the cecum. Finally, whole gut transit time was measured by incorporating radiopaque plastic markers or carmine red in the meal and estimating the appearance of these markers in the stool. Our results showed that measurements of small intestinal transit time were reproducible and in the majority of subjects the increase in hydrogen excretion occurred at the same time as the increase in radioactive counts over the surface of the cecum. The passage of the first marker in the stool coincided with the appearance of carmine red. There were no significant correlations between small intestinal transit time and whole gut transit time or the half time for gastric emptying. Incorporation of 10, 25, and 40 g lactulose into our standard meal in place of sucrose increased the rate of transit through the small intestine but did not significantly alter the rate of gastric emptying or the whole gut transit time. Total stool weight for 48 hr after ingestion of the meal was inversely related to whole gut transit time but not to small intestinal transit time suggesting that the tendency to develop diarrhea in response to a meal containing unabsorbable carbohydrate depends more on the lack of colonic accommodation than on the rate of small intestinal transit. Finally, there was no significant correlation between the measurements of small intestinal transit time after a drink of lactulose and the transit time of a meal in the same subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Transfer of the pheromone-inducible plasmid pCF10 among Enterococcus faecalis microorganisms colonizing the intestine of mini-pigs.

A new animal model, the streptomycin-treated mini-pig, was developed in order to allow colonization of defined strains of Enterococcus faecalis in numbers sufficient to study plasmid transfer. Transfer of the pheromone-inducible pCF10 plasmid between streptomycin-resistant strains of E. faecalis OG1 was investigated in the model. The plasmid encodes resistance to tetracycline. Numbers of recipient, donor, and transconjugant bacteria were monitored by selective plating of fecal samples, and transconjugants were subsequently verified by PCR. After being ingested by the mini-pigs, the recipient strain persisted in the intestine at levels between 10(6) and 10(7) CFU per g of feces throughout the experiment. The donor strain, which carried different resistance markers but was otherwise chromosomally isogenic to the recipient strain, was given to the pigs 3 weeks after the recipient strain. The donor cells were initially present in high numbers (10(6) CFU per g) in feces, but they did not persist in the intestine at detectable levels. Immediately after introduction of the donor bacteria, transconjugant cells appeared and persisted in fecal samples at levels between 10(3) and 10(4) CFU per g until the end of the experiment. These observations showed that even in the absence of selective tetracycline pressure, plasmid pCF10 was transferred from ingested E. faecalis cells to other E. faecalis organisms already present in the intestinal environment and that the plasmid subsequently persisted in the intestine.

Animals↗