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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Prevention of oral disease in children: concepts and practices.

Many of the dental traits exhibit continuous variation due to the multifactorial nature of dental development. Genetic and environmental disorders can result in further variation in specific dental traits. Identification of a dental anomaly can, at times, lead to the initial diagnosis of an underlying disorder and portend the patient's future health risks. Examples include the specific pattern of hypodontia seen before the development of iris dysplasia in Rieger syndrome, and the presence of supernumerary teeth and facial osteomas preceding malignant transformation of intestinal polyps in Gardner syndrome. In addition, dental anomalies can be useful in evaluating a patient's past medical history. A horizontal line of structural alteration in teeth can be used as a kymographic record of the causative metabolic disturbance and help pinpoint the active period of the disturbance. Normal eruption times of primary and permanent teeth also show a broad range of individual variation. Many disorders can cause extreme alterations in the eruption times of primary and permanent teeth or act to cause their premature exfoliation through disruption of their supporting tissues. The disruption of the eruption and integrity of the dentition can function as an indicator of the existent disease state. For example, the early exfoliation of primary teeth may be the presenting symptom of a patient with leukemia. Recognition of dental anomalies, distinct from normal variation can, therefore, be useful to the physician in the diagnosis of a patient's underlying condition and lead to a more thorough understanding of the mechanism of these disorders.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Long-term study of large-bowel cancer.

A personal series of 2,314 patients with large bowel cancer has been reviewed. This series has been treated over a 25-year period and all patients have been followed up. Although patients appear to be presenting earlier, there has been only a marginal improvement in the 5-year survivals. The recognized precancerous conditions of the large bowel account for a very small percentage of carcinomas.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1976

[Diffuse polyposis of the large intestine complicated by amyloidosis of the internal organs].

Polyposis of the large intestine is a common affliction of the intestine which usually occurs as a result of inflammatory diseases or of dysplasia of embryonic anlages. Malignization of diffuse polyposis is observed in 70-100% of cases. A case of diffuse polyposis of the large intestine with initial phenomena of malignization in a male patient aged 44 years is described. The case in question was characterized by the presence of accompanying diffuse amyloidosis of a number of internal organs (kidney, spleen, pancreas). The onset of amyloidosis in this case was associated apparently with the character of absorption by a pathologically changed surface of the large intestine mucosa and with the enlargement of the surface of absorption of products of the protein metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Role of the prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP1 in colon carcinogenesis.

Although the cyclooxygenase pathway of the arachidonic acid cascade has been suggested to play an important role in colon carcinogenesis, the molecular species of prostanoids and receptors involved have not been fully elucidated yet. We examined the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACFs), putative preneoplastic lesions of the colon, in two lines of knockout mice, each deficient in prostaglandin E receptors, EP1 and EP3, by treatment with the colon carcinogen, azoxymethane. Formation of ACFs was decreased only in the EP1-knockout mice to approximately 60% of the level in wild-type mice. Administration of 250, 500, or 1000 ppm of a novel selective EP1 antagonist, ONO-8711, in the diet to azoxymethane-treated C57BL/6J mice also resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of ACF formation. Moreover, when Min mice, having a nonsense mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene, were given 500 ppm ONO-8711 in the diet, the number of intestinal polyps was significantly reduced to 57% of that in the basal diet group. These results strongly suggest that prostaglandin E2 contributes to colon carcinogenesis to some extent through its action at the EP1 receptor. Thus, EP1 antagonists may be good candidates as chemopreventive agents for colon cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The Paneth cell in the adenoma of familial polyposis coli.

It is said that the Paneth cells are found in the large intestine in a pathological state such as ulcerative colitis or adenoma. We examined the Paneth cells in the adenomas of familial polyposis coli. Nine cases including one case of Gardner's syndrome comprised the material for the examination of the Paneth cells because the caecum was available for the examination. The remaining one case had no Paneth cells. In two cases, the Paneth cells were found among the adenomas in the areas beyond the caecum and the proximal part of the colon ascendens. In one remarkable case, the Paneth cells were found in 43% of the adenomas in the caecum. Seven cases were carcinomas but no Paneth cells were found in or near the carcinoma. In the control cases, which were taken from the resected colon with a disease other than familial polyposis coli, the Paneth cells were found confined to the caecum. We concluded that the distribution of the Paneth cell-bearing adenomas reflects the distribution of the Paneth cells in the normal mucosa of the large intestine and that the Paneth cells in the adenoma may have differentiated in the adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1975

Benign small bowel tumor.

The clinical record and histologic sections of 84 cases of benign small bowel tumor are reviewed. Manifestations of systemic diseases, congenital anomalies, and lesions of either the ileocecal valve or periampullary region were excluded. In the same time span there were 96 small bowel malignancies. Clinical presentation, pathologic findings, management and result are compared to the collected published experience of about 2000 cases. There were 36 leiomyomas, 22 lipomas, 9 angiomas, 6 neurofibromas and 4 fibromas. Thirty-six men and 48 women were affected; the majority in their fifth and sixth decade. Seventy-eight were operative and 6 autopsy diagnoses. The most common symptom was obstruction (42%) followed by hemorrhage (34%) and pain (22%), relative frequency differing for the various specific tumors. There were rarely significant physical findings. A diagnosis of small bowel tumor was made radiologically in 30 patients. Because of the nonspecificity of other signs and symptoms, an acute awareness of the possibility of small bowel tumor is mandatory for preoperative anticipation of the diagnosis. Local resection was performed in all with no deaths or significant postoperative complications.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1975

Angiography in the diagnosis and therapy of hemorrhage from the large bowel.

Angiography has added a new dimension to the management of hemorrhage from the large bowel. In patients with diverticular hemorrhage, mesenteric angiography not only localizes the bleeding site but, in addition, the bleeding can be acutely controlled with intraarterial infusion of vasopressin, making an emergency colectomy unnecessary. Similarly in patients bleeding from inflammatory bowel disease or in patients with post-operative hemorrhage, angiography provides information about the nature of the lesion and selective arterial infusions of vasopressin can control the bleeding. At times intestinal varices have angiographically been demonstrated as a potential source of rectal hemorrhage while in patients with unexplained lower gastrointestinal bleeding and repeatedly negative barium and endoscopic examinations, angiography has been valuable for the diagnosis of angiodysplasia of the colon.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[CT enteroclysis for detection of small bowel tumors].

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and the usefulness of CT enteroclysis (helical CT with enteroclysis) in detecting small bowel tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients were referred for suspicion of small bowel tumor. CT enteroclysis is performed by injecting a large volume of water using a pomp through a nasojejunal tube followed by a thin section helical acquisition. RESULTS: Forty-eight helical CT enteroclysis were performed in order to detect 25 small bowel tumors. Among them 22 were confirmed by histological study. The mean size of tumors was 23 mm. In 12 of 17 cases, diagnosis was missed or incomplete at conventional barium study. Enteroscopy was performed in 12 of 22 cases, with discordant result in one case and incomplete result in 3 cases. In 8 cases, including 5 carcinoid tumors, patients had surgery after CT enteroclysis only, enteroscopy would probably have not made the diagnosis because the lesions were far from the duodenojejunal junction and ileocaecal valve. CONCLUSION: Helical CT enteroclysis is a new method for detecting small bowel tumors, easy to perform, well tolerated. It seems to be more sensitive than conventional barium studies and less invasive than enteroscopy. Tumor characterization and staging can be performed using a single examination. It seems to be justified to perform CT enteroclysis to detect small bowel tumors or in the evaluation of patients with polyposis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Turcot syndrome].

Turcot syndrome is the association of colorectal polyposis with primary neuroepithelial tumors of the central nervous system such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. Including putative patients, more than 150 familial or sporadic cases of the syndrome have been reported in literature. Since early reports, there is considerable controversy regarding the modality of genetic transmission and the distinction from other syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP). Recent molecular evidence suggests that Turcot syndrome could be divided into the following two entities based on the distinct genetic backgrounds. (1) True Turcot syndrome(autosomal recessive): Intestinal polyps are less in number(< 100), large in size and apt to transform to the malignant tumor. Brain tumor is mainly diagnosed as glioblastoma or astrocytoma and mismatch repair genes might be involved. (2) FAP-associated type(autosomal dominant): Predisposing to medulloblastoma.

Base Pair Mismatch↗
PubMed2000

[Benign tumors of the stomach and intestine as a cause of bleeding].

There were examined 30 patients with benign tumor of stomach and intestine, complicated by hemorrhage. The operation conduction is indicated when benign tumor is revealed because of the profuse hemorrhage recurrency danger. When the bleeding gastric or intestinal polyp is present the conservative therapy or the conduction of endoscopic hemostasis and biopsy with subsequent performance of the planned operative intervention are effective.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Further leads on metabolic epidemiology of large bowel cancer.

Studies in metabolic epidemiology have shown that the dietary intake of high fat affects the composition of the intestinal bacteria and their metabolic activity as well as the levels of certain neutral sterols and bile acids that may act as tumor promoters for the colon. A strong association has also been established between microbially modified bile acids and cholesterol metabolites and the risk of colon cancer among different populations. The patients with colon cancer had high concentrations of fecal bile acids and cholesterol metabolites compared with the controls. It remains to be shown whether this established association is causative in nature.

Animals↗