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Results for “Injections, Intraperitoneal”

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PubMed1986

A new method for giving repetitive intraperitoneal injections to neonatal rats.

This report describes a new method for giving repetitive intraperitoneal injections to neonatal rats. The hypodermic needle is passed through the muscle layer of the flank directly into the peritoneal cavity in contrast to the conventional approach. In a trial using 20 neonatal rats aged 1 day, no leakage of the inoculated physiological saline occurred, and there was no associated morbidity or mortality of these rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Histological findings of hypersplenism after experimental intraperitoneal injection of methyl cellulose and ligature of the splenic artery in rats.

The intraperitoneal injection of methyl cellulose in rats causes splenomegaly and hypersplenism. Clusters of foam cells in form of granulomas develop. They are containing methyl cellulose. The ligature of the splenic artery damages mainly the white pulp. Even after ligature of the splenic artery absorption of methyl cellulose continues. The reticular cells released by the reticulum remain capable of phagocytic action. After previous injection of methyl cellulose the ligature of the splenic artery causes normalization of the peripheral blood values.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of an intraperitoneal injection with activated Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta cysticercoids on homologous challenge.

The intraperitoneal injection of excysted-activated cysticercoids of Hymenolepis nana and H. diminuta stimulates a protective immunity in mice and rats against an oral homologous challenge with different levels of effectiveness. The immunizing dose reduced only worm growth in the natural host (i.e. H. nana/mouse and H. diminuta/rat models), while in the unnatural host (i.e. H. diminuta/mouse model) expulsion of the worms from the intestine was accelerated. In mice infected with H. nana the effect appeared about 20 days after injection, but a greater effect was found in both models 40 days later even at low dose (1 cysticercoid). In rats the effect appeared 40 days after injection when a large inoculum (50 or 100 cysticercoids) was used. The induced immunity was slow in developing and only partially effective: this was probably related to host difficulties in processing somatic worm antigens, or to the slow production of metabolites by the worms in the peritoneal cavity.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Aging-related changes of microglia and astrocytes in hypothalamus after intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline in rats.

To examine the aging-related changes of microglia and astrocytes in hypothalamus of rats after intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline in rats, old- and young-aged rats were injected with hypertonic saline solution into peritoneal cavity. Lectin histochemical techniques using Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 (RCA-1) and immunocytochemical method employing antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were used to demonstrate microglia and astrocytes in the hypothalamus of the rats, and the positively-stained cells were analyzed by computer-assisted image analysis system. Our results showed that the numbers of microglia and astrocytes were significantly increased in the hypothalamus of old-aged rats. After intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline, the number of microglia was significantly decreased in the hypothalamus of both young- and old-aged groups. After introperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline, the number of GFAP positive cells was significantly increased in the hypothalamus of young rats, but the number of GFAP positive cells did not show significant change in the hypothalamus of old rats. It is concluded that in the hypothalamus of old-aged rats, the increase of microglia may be related with the aging or degeneration of neurons, and the increase of astrocytes may provide more nourishment required by the aged neurons. The microglia and astrocytes in the hypothalamus of the two group rats may be affected by hypertonic saline, and the response of these cells to the stimuli is characterized by some aging-related changes.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

Optimization of intraperitoneal injection anesthesia in mice: drugs, dosages, adverse effects, and anesthesia depth.

PURPOSE: The goals of the study were to find a safe intraperitoneal injection anesthesia protocol for medium-duration surgery in mice (e.g., embryo transfer/vasectomy) coupled with a simple method to assess anesthesia depth under routine laboratory conditions. METHODS: Eight anesthetic protocols consisting of combinations of dissociative anesthetics (ketamine, tiletamine), alpha2-agonists (xylazine, medetomidine), and/or sedatives (acepromazine, azaperone, zolazepam) were compared for their safety and efficacy (death rate, surgical tolerance), using observations and reflex tests. The four best protocols were further evaluated during vasectomy: physiologic measurements (respiratory rate, electrocardiogram, arterial blood pressure, body temperature, blood gas tensions, and acid-base balance) were used to characterize the quality of anesthesia. The reactions of physiologic parameters to surgical stimuli were used to determine anesthesia depth, and were correlated with reflex test results. RESULTS: The protocol with the highest safety margin and the longest time of surgical tolerance (54 min) was ketamine/ xylazine/acepromazine. Three further anesthetic combinations were associated with surgical tolerance: ketamine/ xylazine, ketamine/xylazinelazaperone, and tiletamine/xylazine/zolazepam (Telazol/xylazine). The protocols consisting of ketamine/medetomidine and ketamine/azaperone were not associated with clearly detectable surgical tolerance. The most reliable parameter of surgical tolerance under routine laboratory conditions was the pedal withdrawal reflex. CONCLUSIONS: The best intraperitoneal injection anesthesia regimen consisted of ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine. The dose must be adapted to the particulars of each experimental design (mouse strain, sex, age, mutation). This is best done by measuring surgical tolerance, using the pedal withdrawal reflex.

Acepromazine↗
PubMed1994

Plasma endotoxin concentration after an intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin in fed and fasted suckling rats.

In the adult host response to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) is dose-related. An intraperitoneal injection is commonly used for LPS administration in small animals. However, plasma endotoxin concentration following an intraperitoneal bolus injection of LPS is not well known. This study was performed to evaluate plasma endotoxin concentration following a bolus intraperitoneal injection of LPS in both fed and 24 h fasted 10 day old rats. Plasma endotoxin concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner after LPS injection (.03 or .1 mg/kg Salmonella enteritidis LPS) in both fed and fasted rats. Plasma endotoxin concentrations were higher (p < .05) in fed than fasted rats. A high dose of LPS (.1 mg/kg) induced 95 and 40% mortality in fed and fasted rats, respectively. A low dose of LPS (.03 mg/kg) induced 26.7% mortality in fed rats but no mortality in fasted rats. The hematocrit was significantly lower in fed than fasted rats. Plasma endotoxin inactivation was similar in fed and fasted rats. Host response appears to be related to plasma endotoxin concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Distribution of intraperitoneally injected microspheres labeled with the alpha-emitter astatine (211At) compared with phosphorus (32P) and yttrium (90Y) colloids in mice.

The alpha-emitter 211At was bound to polymer microspheres with a diameter of 1.8 microns. The distributions in mice of intraperitoneally injected 211At microspheres, 90Y silicate colloid, and 32P chromic phosphate colloid were compared. The microspheres with 211At spread rapidly in the peritoneal cavity and remained mainly on the intraperitoneal surfaces. Intraperitoneal injection of 90Y colloid resulted in high levels in intraperitoneal fat and the diaphragm, but 1 day after injection 8.5% of the injected dose per gram was found in blood and after 6 days 2.5% was observed in bone. The highest accumulation of 32P was found in liver and spleen. The injection of additional nonradioactive chromic phosphate colloid resulted in an even higher accumulation of 32P in spleen and liver. The same phenomenon was not observed with 211At microspheres. It is suggested that it is not only the particle size which is important in the distribution of intraperitoneally injected colloid, but the amount of colloid, the type of colloid, the addition or presence of other substances such as ascites, and the animal species might also influence the distribution. In conclusion, the intraperitoneal distribution of 211At-labeled microspheres in mice was favorable compared with 90Y and 32P colloid. These data must be viewed cautiously since the distribution might be different in other animal species or humans.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of intraperitoneal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine on the turnover and the levels of the brain catecholamines and the levels of plasma corticosterone in rats.

1. The effects of intraperitoneal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on the levels and the turnover of brain catecholamines and the levels of plasma corticosterone were studied in rats. 2. Two weeks after intraperitoneal injection of 6-OHDA (150 mg/kg) a virtually complete disappearance of cardiac noradrenaline was observed. 3. An increment and an accelerated turnover of noradrenaline in the hypothalamus was observed 2 weeks after peripheral administration of 6-OHDA (150 mg/kg). 4. There was no change in the levels and the turnover of noradrenaline in the cortex of the rats so treated. 5. There was not change in the levels and the turnover of dopamine in either the hypothalamus or the cortex of the 6-OHDA-treated rats. 6. An increment and an accelerated turnover of hypothalamic noradrenaline were not associated with any change in plasma corticosterone.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha on a human renal cell carcinoma xenotransplanted into nude mice: comparison of intravenous and intraperitoneal injection.

The effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) on tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation of a human renal cell carcinoma transplanted into nude mice as well as on the body weight of the tumor-bearing animals has been studied. Due to differences of the effect of TNF-alpha after intravenous and intraperitoneal injection reported in the literature the influence of the two routes of application was presently studied. There was no effect on tumor growth with either route of application. Only the mode of growth showed a tendency to an increased rate of growth at the beginning of the treatment and a following increased growth deceleration. A slight change of the 3H-thymidine labeling index and the mitotic index was observed only after intraperitoneal injection of TNF-alpha indicative of a more cytostatic than cytotoxic effect of the drug. This is supported by the lack of an increase of necrotic cells. Although a rather high dose of TNF-alpha was applied, no effect on the body weight of the animals, i.e. no toxic effect of the treatment, has been found.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Experimental model of autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced in mice with levodopa by intraperitoneal injection or oral feeding.

In this paper we describe a murine experimental model of autoimmune hemolytic anemia induced with multiple injections or oral feeding of levodopa. Strain A mice were intraperitoneally injected or fed with levodopa, at a dose equivalent to the one used in human therapy, and subsequently they developed cycles of IgM, IgG and IgA anti-mouse red blood cells (MRBC) autoantibody responses. Levodopa injection induced serum IgM and IgG anti-MRBC responses and levodopa feeding enhanced the serum anti-MRBC IgA response. The appearance of autoantibodies in the serum was followed by binding of the autoantibodies to mice erythrocytes and three phases of anemia. Red cell bound IgM and IgG autoantibodies were predominant in levodopa-injected mice whereas red cell bound IgA autoantibodies were predominant in levodopa-fed mice. The specificity of the serum IgA autoantibody was not restricted since it interacted with erythrocytes of various species.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Micronucleus test with colchicine given by intraperitoneal injection and oral gavage.

The effects of micronucleus induction in mouse bone marrow cells by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and oral administration (p.o.) were studied with the spindle poison colchicine in 2 strains of mice (MS/Ae and CD-1). The final micronucleus test was performed with a 24-h sampling time at doses of 0.25-2.0 mg/kg by the i.p. route and 2-16 mg/kg by the p.o. route based on a simple acute toxicity test and a pilot micronucleus experiment. Colchicine induced micronuclei in both strains and at all doses tested. Micronuclei were induced more effectively by the i.p. route.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

[Experimental foreign serum pancreatitis. Histologic and histochemical findings in the exocrine pancreas of the mouse after repeated intraperitoneal injections of serum of other species (author's transl)].

Adult white mice were continually treated by intraperitoneal injections of normal serum of various species (neat, horse, man, rabbit, mouse) for 3 hours up to 16 days. Control animals received injections of physiological saline under the same conditions. In the mouse pancreas, the repeated intraperitoneal injections of foreign serum conformably resulted in an interstitial edema, a first granulocytic and histiocytic, later on markedly lymphoplasmactyic interstitial inflammation with single dystrophic acinar cells as well as in a mild intersitial fibrosis after 8 or 16, resp., days of serum application. Histochemically, the exocrine pancreas cells showed a moderate increase in activity of adenosintriphosphatase, nonspecif esterase as well as acid and acaline phosphatase. All the changes described were most considerably pronounced after treatment with bovine serum. The interstitial pancreatitis after continual foreign serum applications regarded as the morphologie expression of a pathogenic immune phenomenon of the serum sickness type in case of a serum sickness reaction taking place preferably in the peritoneal cavity.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Intraperitoneal injection of zymosan in mice induces pain, inflammation and the synthesis of peptidoleukotrienes and prostaglandin E2.

Intraperitoneal injection of zymosan in mice induced rapid extravasation and accumulation of plasma protein in the peritoneal cavity. Neutrophils began to appear in the peritoneal cavity after a lag period of approximately 3 hours. The injected mice exhibited a pain response (writhing) during the first 30 minutes after injection, but writhing ceased before protein or cell accumulation had reached maximum levels. The injection of zymosan induced synthesis of PGE2 (measured by RIA) which reached maximum levels at 30 minutes, then declined slowly. Peptido-leukotriene levels (detected by bioassay, RIA and HPLC) increased rapidly after injection, reached a peak within an hour of injection and declined to undetectable levels within 4 hours. The early peptido-LT was predominantly LTC4, while later, LTE4 was the major component. LTD4 levels remained low throughout and no LTB4 was detected at any time. Indomethacin treatment elevated levels of peptido-LTs, reduced PGE2 levels and inhibited writhing. Phenidone reduced peptido-LT levels. In vitro studies demonstrated that zymosan stimulates LTC4 synthesis by peritoneal cells whereas LTE4, LTD4, LTB4 or monoHETES were not detectable (using HPLC methods). The source of enzymes responsible for the in vivo metabolism of LTC4 to LTD4 and LTE4 could not be identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Morphologic changes in the rat enamel organ following a single intraperitoneal injection of sodium fluoride.

Enamel organs in developing teeth of young rats were studied after single intraperitoneal injections of a high dose of sodium fluoride (60 mg NaF/kg body wt.). The study employed primarily light microscopy, but electron microscopy was used to clarify some of the light microscopic findings. The pathogenesis of the fluoride-induced changes was followed during 72 h. Cellular changes were consistently found in the molars, but were never seen in the incisors. In the maxillary molars, ameloblastic injury was most commonly seen on the mesial surfaces of the cusps. One hour after injection, the most prominent findings were swollen mitochondria in the secretory ameloblasts and cleft formations between the ameloblasts and the enamel matrix. The clefts were filled with a stippled material. Some of the clefts gradually expanded to cystic cavities. The stippled material began to calcify after 24 h and formed small, darkly stained globules. After 72 h dearranged ameloblasts were found as islands intermingled with calcified rounded structures in the stellate reticulum. In stratum intermedium numerous atypic autophagic vacuoles appeared 2 h after injection. No light microscopic changes were observed in the postsecretory ameloblasts.

Ameloblasts↗
PubMed1989

Initial lesions in the mouse brain induced by intraperitoneal injection of hypertonic saline.

A dose of 30 ml/kg of 8.5% solution of sodium chloride was intraperitoneally injected into ddY mice and time course observations were conducted. Colloidal carbon was infused 6 hr after injection and distribution of carbon in the brain was observed. A transient increase in hematocrit value, serum osmotic pressure and ascites was observed 1 hr arter injection. Distribution of colloidal carbon in the brain showed less penetration of the basal ganglia. Histopathological examination of the brain showed degeneration of pyramidal cells in hippocampus 6 hr after injection. Electron microscopical examination revealed intracytoplasmic microvacuoles, swollen mitochondria and dilated cisternae in rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of pyramidal cells. It was suggested that serum viscosity was increased by rapid transport of water from blood into the peritoneal cavity or urine, due to the high osmotic pressure of hypertonic saline injected, resulting in a decrease in blood flow and ischemic changes in the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Eosinophilia, mast cell hyperplasia and antibody production in rats following an intraperitoneal injection of Ascaris cuticle including in-vitro studies of immune eosinophil granule lysis.

A single intraperitoneal injection of Ascaris cuticle caused a local eosinophilia with peak levels at 2 wk after injection. Mast cells reduced in number and size at 1 wk were found in increased numbers at 3 wk. Injection of a collagen-poor fraction of cuticle known as "cuticlin" resulted in a diminished eosinophil and mast cell response compared with injection of whole cuticle. Precipitating antibodies to soluble Ascaris cuticle collagen were detected in the serum and peritoneal fluid from day 5 onward. It is proposed that the eosinophilia and mast cell hyperplasia are the result of immunization of the animal to an antigen present in Ascaris collagen and rendered soluble by the action of mononuclear phagocytes. The eosinophil and mast cell response to Ascaris cuticle mimicked the response in connective tissue to living nematode parasites. It is concluded that the cuticle of nematode parasites may be responsible for eosinophilia and mast cell hyperplasia in the host.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Acute renal failure following intraperitoneal injection of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum.

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) has been used intravenously as a good anticancer agent despite its nephrotoxicity, but local administration may also cause nephrotoxic side effects. We used intraperitoneal injection of cis-DDP into male Wistar rats as a model of the long-term effect of local administration of cis-DDP. 20 rats were injected (1.5 mg/kg) every 2 days for a period of 5 weeks and compared to a control group of 5 rats that did not receive injection. In the control group, body weight increased gradually to 338.3 +/- 25.1 g by the end of week 5. In contrast, the experimental group's body weight decreased continually to 179.5 +/- 23.6 from an average initial weight of 218.0 +/- 4.0 g. While the control group had steady values, the experimental rats showed sharp increases in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, potassium and sodium, but a decrease in hematocrit. On histological examination at autopsy, edema and necrosis of the renal tubules were evident. Intraperitoneal injection of cis-DDP in rats causes nephrotoxic side effects similar to the effects caused by intravenous injection.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1981

An assessment of the fibrogenic potential of two refractory fibres by intraperitoneal injection in rats.

Two commercially available grades of the refractory fibre SAFFIL were administered to rats by intraperitoneal injection and the tissue reaction was compared. Although the fibres differed considerably in surface properties and porosity the tissue reactions were identical and consisted of a mild chronic inflammatory response with a small amount of collagen present. The reaction was quite distinct from the marked fibrosis induced by chrysotile asbestos. As the reaction to all fibres tested had stabilised after 6 months, a longer observation period is unnecessary.

Aluminum↗