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PubMedDate not supplied

Crystalline inclusions in a subependymal giant cell tumor in a patient with tuberous sclerosis.

Unusual crystalline cytoplasmic inclusions were encountered in tumor cells in a subependymal giant cell tumor (SEGT) in a 16-year-old girl with tuberous sclerosis. By electron microscopy, the tumor cells demonstrated typical features previously described in SEGT, including abundant dense bodies, prominent Golgi complexes, abundant mitochondria, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, scattered intermediate filaments and microtubules, glycogen, and rare synaptic contacts as well as primitive intercellular junctions. The dense bodies were bound by a single membrane and were round, ovoid, irregular, or cylindric in appearance with electron-dense homogenous content or fingerprint profiles. Of note was the presence of numerous cytoplasmic rhomboidal or rectangular crystalline inclusions akin to those seen in alveolar soft part sarcoma. These inclusions measured as much as 8 microns in length and had 7-nm periodicities, often with intersecting lamellae. Rarely, the membrane-bound dense bodies showed areas of similar periodicities, indicating that the crystalline inclusions are related to and might originate from the dense bodies. While crystalline inclusions have previously been described in one patient with SEGT (Bender and Yunis, Ultrastruct Pathol 1980; 1:287-299), the inclusions in the present case were a striking feature and add to the spectrum of the ultrastructural pathology of SEGT.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of the incidence of cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies in submandibular and tracheobronchial glands in SIDS and non-SIDS autopsies.

Submandibular salivary glands and tracheobronchial glands from postmortem examinations of 89 cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and 67 age-matched control cases in which death was not due to SIDS were examined for the presence of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions characteristic of cytomegalovirus (CMV). Inclusions were identified by light microscopy and confirmed by immunohistochemistry in submandibular glands of 5 of 89 (5.6%) SIDS and 6 of 67 (8.9%) non-SIDS patients. No inclusions were found in tracheobronchial glands. No further cases were detected following immunoperoxidase studies and examination of multiple levels of inflamed submandibular glands. Brain stem glial knots were found in only one case with CMV inclusions, which was a non-SIDS case with death due to congenital immunodeficiency. We have found no difference in the incidence of CMV inclusions in the submandibular gland between SIDS and age-matched non-SIDS infants. No strong association between CMV inclusions in salivary gland and brain stem glial knots was present.

Biomarkers↗

PubMed1976

[Morphogenesis of cytoplasmic inclusions in influenza].

Morphogenesis of cytoplasmic inclusions was studied in experimental influenza infection in white mice. It was shown that cytoplasmic inclusions in influenza represented foci of partial degeneration and necrosis of the cytoplasm, the developmental phases of which are similar to phases of formation by means of autolysis. The disintegration of the content of inclusions in the epithelial cells of the bronchi was accompanied by accumulation in their zone of enzyme-containing structures of the type of tegmented vesicles. In low delimitation of inclusions odema of cyto- and karyoplasm was followed by destruction of mitochondria and perish of the cell. Formation of inclusions and signs of reproduction of the virus in alveolar cells proceeded with destruction of osmiophilic bodies. The processes of delimitation of inclusions in cytoplasm was of a reactive character and contributed to preservation of the life activity of cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Regression mechanism of cyanamide-induced inclusion bodies in the rat: a useful experimental pattern to study the beta-glycogen metabolization of hepatocytes.

Cyanamide, a drug used in alcohol aversion therapy, induces a distinctive liver cell lesion, both in human beings and rats. The lesion consists of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies which give a ground-glass appearance to the hepatocytes. In human beings the inclusion bodies do not persist but disappear some time after withdrawal of the drug. In order to confirm their disappearance and determine how they regress rats were treated with cyanamide (32 mg/kg) for 6 months before partial lobectomy. At this time, inclusion bodies were observed. After a period without further treatment (5-19 weeks) the animals were killed and a marked decrease in the number of inclusion bodies was observed, paralleling the period of time without treatment. Inclusion bodies regress as a result of glycogen removal by enzymatic activity of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum which then undergoes hyperplasia, plus a process of autophagocytosis and necrosis of inclusion-body-bearing hepatocytes which are then phagocytosed by macrophages.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Inclusion bodies of human cytomegalovirus are composed of the DNA and immediately early and early antigens of the virus].

BACKGROUND: To study the composition and significance of the inclusion bodies of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). METHODS: Microdissection of inclusion bodies, PCR and Southern blot were adopted to detect DNA, and immunohistochemistry method and catalyzed signal amplification (CSA) were used to detect the different antigens of HCMV. RESULTS: The inclusion bodies of HCMV were separated from the tissue section of human salivary gland. The fragments amplified by PCR from these dissected inclusion bodies were confirmed to be the DNA of HCMV. With the immunohistochemical method CSA, the immediately early and early antigens of HCMV were detected with monoclonal antibodies DDG9/CCH2, while matrix protein AAC10 was negative in the inclusion bodies. CONCLUSION: The ingredient of inclusion bodies of HCMV included the DNA and the antigens expressed in specific stage of the virus.

Antigens, Viral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Meningioma with eosinophilic granular inclusions.

Rare meningiomas have been described that contain eosinophilic inclusions that have a granular or granulofilamentous ultrastructure. We describe a 66-year-old woman who developed a planum sphenoidale meningioma. Histologically, the tumor was composed of meningothelial cells arranged in fascicles and whorls, typical of a well-differentiated meningioma. Many tumor cells contained round intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions that were periodic acid Schiff-negative and red on Masson trichrome. The inclusions were immunopositive for vimentin, and were immunonegative for epithelial membrane antigen, smooth muscle actin, desmin and type IV collagen. Ultrastructural examination showed the inclusions were composed of round to oval, well-demarcated, non-membrane-bound, osmiophilic granular material. The inclusions within this tumor had histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural properties not described in other reported meningiomas with eosinophilic granular or granulofilamentous inclusions.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[A study on inclusion complexes of cyclodextrin with three anticancer xanthines by fluorescence].

The inclusion complexes of beta-Cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and HP-beta-Cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) with 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP), Azathioprine (BAN) and 8-Azaguanine (Azan) were investigated by fluorescence. Various factors affecting the formation of inclusion complexes were discussed in detail including formation time and pH effect. The formation constants of their inclusion complexes were determined. The results indicated that their inclusion was affected significantly by laying time and pH. The formation time of beta-CD inclusion complexes is much longer than that of HP-beta-CD. The optimum pH is about pH = 7.7-12. Their maximum excitation wavelengths are all in the range of 276-285 nm and the maximum emission wavelengths are all in the range of 328-353 nm. The fluorescence signals are intensified with increasing concentration of CD. The stoichiometries of the inclusion complexes of CD with these three anticancer xanthines are all 1:1 and the formation constants are calculated.

2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin↗

PubMed1977

[Clinical and histopathological studies of cases of lafora-like inclusion bodies].

In case 1, 41-year-old male, developed progressive demetia, paretic gait disturbance and pyramidal signs with the duration of three years. The neuropathological study revealed systemic atrophy as type Pick-disease i.e., lobal atrophy in the frontal and the parieto-occipital regions, degenerative changes in the basal ganglia and in the thalamus, nerve cell loss in the substantia nigra and myelin pallor in the pyramidal tract. Lafora-like inclusions were found in the cerebral cortex and in the cochleal nucleus. In case 2, 45-year-old male, showed character change, cerebellar symptomes and mental deteriotation, and ulcers on the oral mucosa during about 15 years long period. Neuropathological examination showed chronic encephalitis in the brain stem, vacuolar change in the neuron in the olivary nucleus and Lafora-like inclusions in the cochlear nucleus. Though neither generalized conversion nor myoclonus were clinicaly observed in these cases, the inclusions showed histochemically strong similarity with that of the Lafora-disease. These Lafora-like inclusions were compared with those in the literatur, which were reported on various disease of CNS. Finally in respect of predilection of the inclusions, it is likely that the inclusions result from same metabolic disturbance in the cochlear neurons in the Lafora-disease as well as in the present cases.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Ultrastructural research on the sensorimotor cortex in adult rats. I. Intranuclear inclusions in the neurons and astrocytes].

The morphological peculiarities of neurones and astrocytes in the sensorimotor cortex of mature (over 3 months) and elderly (over 24 months) rats were studied at electron microscopic level. Intranuclear inclusions are found in the nuclei of pyramidal neurones from the third and fifth layer. On the basis of their fine structure they could be grouped into the following types: 1. Filamentous bundles. 2. Filamentous crystalloids. 3. Granulofilamentous bodies. 4. Membrane-enclosed inclusions. 5. Combined intranuclear inclusions. Filamentous crystalloids are found in two varieties, composed of filaments with various diameter and way of arrangement. Membrane-enclosed bodies are formed as small vesicles or large vacuoles. Combinations from various types of inclusions in the nucleus of a neurone are discovered frequently. Only intranuclear inclusions of the type of membrane-enclosed bodies are observed in the nuclei of astrocytes. These bodies are found only in the nuclei of astrocytes of elderly animals. On the basis of the comparative analysis between ultrastructural characteristics and frequency of intranuclear inclusions in pyramidal neurones and astrocytes in sensorimotor cortex of mature and elderly rats their probable connection with age changes in the central nervous system is discussed.

Aging↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intranuclear inclusions in urinary cytology.

Twenty-one urinary cytology specimens from 16 patients showed red intranuclear inclusion bodies. The literature pertinent to these inclusions mainly suggests that lead poisoning is a cause for such inclusions. Histories were reviewed for possible causes, particularly lead poisoning, associated medications, associated illness or relationship to neoplasia. The only consistent associations found were that all the patients were women over the age of 50 and that all inclusions were found in voided urine specimens. Four slides containing inclusions were stained by acid-fast methods, with negative results. The origin of these inclusions remains unknown.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

Fechtner syndrome--a variant of Alport's syndrome with leukocyte inclusions and macrothrombocytopenia.

This study reports a family comprising four generations in whom nephritis, deafness, congenital cataracts, macrothrombocytopenia, and leukocyte inclusions were observed in varying combinations in eight of 17 members. The family differs from others reported in that their hematologic abnormalities include not only macrothrombocytopenia, but also small, pale blue cytoplasmic inclusions in the neutrophils and eosinophils. Light microscopic appearance of the inclusions resembled that of toxic Döhle bodies and inclusions of May-Hegglin anomaly, but their ultrastructural appearance was unique. The inclusions consisted of clusters of ribosomes and small segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). They lacked the parallel 10-nm filaments characteristic of May-Hegglin anomaly and the parallel strands of RER seen in toxic Döhle bodies. Platelets were large, but their light and ultrastructural appearance was not significantly different from normal platelets. Platelet aggregation in response to epinephrine, arachidonate, thrombin, adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and ristocetin was normal. Levels of nucleotides and serotonin were elevated in proportion to cell volume. The concentration of adenosine triphosphate secreted and the percentage of arachidonic acid converted to thromboxane B2 were proportional to cell number. Deafness was high-tone sensorineural. Renal disease ranged from microscopic hematuria to end-stage renal failure necessitating dialysis and kidney transplantation. All affected adults had cataracts. This family represents a variant of Alport's syndrome with cataracts and leukocyte inclusions that, because of the associated macrothrombocytopenia, may be confused with May-Hegglin anomaly.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Morphogenesis of canary poxvirus and its entrance into inclusion bodies.

A virus isolated from a natural outbreak of canarypox was replicated on the chorioallantoic membranes of chicken embryos, and its ultrastructure and development were observed. Electron microscopy of thin sections of pocks produced on the chorioallantoic membranes revealed a variety of developmental forms which appear similar to those demonstrated in studies of vaccinia, ie, viroplasm or viral factories; immature, undifferentiated virions partially enclosed by membranes; completely enclosed nondifferentiated spherical or oval virions; immature virions with discrete nucleoids; and the more compact brick-shaped mature virions. Two types of A-type inclusions were noted: those with virions around the periphery, and those filled with virus particles. The appearance of mature viruses within the inclusion bodies and different stages of viruses outside the inclusion indicate that in a course of development, maturing poxvirus may enter the inclusion bodies as they acquire surface tubules on their envelopes. Mature virions also were seen budding out of the cell membrane, apparently enveloped in a portion of the membrane. Studies showing the entrance of poxvirus into inclusion bodies have not been reported. In this report, electron micrographs are shown of viruses entering inclusion bodies.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Electron microscope studies on the relationship between mitochondria and inclusion body in spheroid alveolar epithelial cell after vital staining with acidic and basic dyes.

Electron microscope observations were conducted on the relationship between mitochondria and inclusion body in mice spheroid alveolar epithelial cells after injection of trypan blue, an acidic dye and Alcian blue 8GS, a basic dye, by vital staining procedures. When both dyes were injected, the mitochondria of the spheroid alveolar epithelial cell became degenerated; however, in injection of only trypan blue, the cristae showed an increase in electron density. In injection on only Alcian blue 8GS, the cristae showed negative contrast. In most cases the trypan blue particles did not enter into mitochondria, whereas particles of Alcian blue 8GS sometimes entered into the mitochondria. When trypan blue particles entered mitochondria, deposits were not evident in the inclusion body, whereas when Alcian blue particles entered mitochondria deposits were seen in the inclusion body. In both of these cases only a few inclusion bodies were formed so that only traces or no inclusion bodies with vacuolar appearance were observed. From these findings it is suggested that mitochondria maybe convert to inclusion bodies.

Alcian Blue↗

PubMed1994

Appearance of sinusoidal inclusion-containing endothelial cells in liver disease.

Sinusoidal "inclusion-containing endothelial cells" were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically in various liver diseases, and their clinical importance was investigated. A total of 498 needle liver biopsies were examined. Endothelial inclusions inside the cells were recognized as eosinophilic granules in hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections. Electron microscopy showed that these inclusions corresponded to round cytoplasmic dense bodies with a single limiting membrane. The contents of these bodies were generally homogeneous, but sometimes heterogeneous. The inclusions appeared to contain protein, but were resistant to trypsin digestion, and immunohistochemistry failed to identify any immunoglobulins or hepatocyte-derived proteins. These endothelial cells also contained an increased number of micropinocytotic vesicles when compared with ordinary cells. The inclusion-containing endothelial cells appeared frequently in chronic hepatitis, but were relatively rare in other liver diseases. The incidence was higher in chronic aggressive hepatitis than in chronic persistent hepatitis or inactive cirrhosis. Although the density of these cells varied considerably even among patients with the same histological diagnosis and the phenotypical changes of these endothelial cells, assessed by monoclonal antibodies, were not apparent, the serum gamma globulin level tended to increase in relation to the density of inclusion-containing endothelial cells and the correlation was significant in hepatitis C.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1994

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: inclusion-body myositis, polymyositis, and dermatomyositis.

In this review, the main emphasis is on new advances concerning sporadic inclusion-body myositis and hereditary inclusion-body myopathy. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are reviewed briefly. Hypotheses are presented regarding the possible cause and significance of abnormally accumulated beta-amyloid protein, two other epitopes of beta-amyloid precursor protein, hyperphosphorylated tau, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, ubiquitin, and prion protein in sporadic inclusion-body myositis and hereditary inclusion-body myopathy. Because most of those proteins are also accumulated at the neuromuscular junction, "junctionalization" of other muscle fiber nuclei is a possibility. Attention is given to the fact that vacuolated muscle fibers in hereditary inclusion-body myopathy may represent early changes because they are virtually free of congophilic amyloid deposit but, like sporadic inclusion-body myositis, contain large accumulations of beta-amyloid protein and prion.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Gallyas-positive, tau-negative glial inclusions in Parkinson's disease midbrain.

Gallyas-positive, tau-negative oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions are specific for multiple system atrophy, while both Gallyas- and tau-positive glial fibrillary tangles are a common feature of tau-related neurological disorders. We examined the midbrain of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and found significant numbers of Gallyas-positive glial inclusions in 17 of the 20 cases. They were most frequent in the dorsomedial part of the substantia nigra. Immunocytochemically, the glial inclusions were negative for tau and tubulin. Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity was present in inclusion-containing cells. No such inclusions were observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) or aged controls. These findings indicate that the glial inclusions present in the PD midbrain are different from those reported previously and unrelated to brain aging or the concurrence of AD lesions.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Reversible accumulation of lipofuscin-like inclusions in the retinal pigment epithelium.

PURPOSE: The amounts of autofluorescent lysosomal storage bodies, known as lipofuscin, increase during senescence in the retinal pigment epithelia (RPEs) of mammalian eyes. This increase in lipofuscin content may result from a failure of the RPE to dispose of any lipofuscin constituents once they have formed. Alternatively, the RPE may eliminate lipofuscin but at a rate insufficient to prevent its accumulation. Experiments were conducted to distinguish between these two possibilities. METHODS: Albino rats were given intravitreal injections of the protease inhibitor leupeptin, which induces a rapid accumulation of lipofuscin-like inclusions in the RPE. The amount of these inclusions in the RPE was monitored as a function of time after the leupeptin treatment with quantitative ultrastructural analysis. In addition, the intensity of lipofuscin-specific fluorescence in the RPE was monitored over the same time period with the use of quantitative microfluorometry. These parameters were also followed in untreated control eyes of age-matched animals. RESULTS: A single leupeptin injection resulted in a rapid massive accumulation of electron-dense inclusion bodies in the RPE. These inclusions appeared to be derived primarily from phagocytosed photoreceptor outer segments. Accompanying the accumulation of these inclusions was a significant increase in lipofuscin-specific fluorescence in the RPE. Over a 12-week period after the leupeptin treatment, the amounts of inclusion material and the fluorescence intensities returned to normal levels. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the age-related increase in RPE lipofuscin content results from an imbalance in the rates of lipofuscin formation and disposal rather than from a complete absence of a disposal mechanism. The results imply that turnover of lipofuscin constituents may be rapid relative to the animals' life span. Thus, it may be possible to slow or reverse the age-related increase in RPE lipofuscin content by either inhibiting the processes involved in lipofuscin formation or enhancing the disposal processes.

Aging↗

PubMed1990

Intranuclear inclusions in myeloma cells in a case of nonsecretory multiple myeloma.

Inclusions in the nucleus, compared with those in the cytoplasm, are rare in myeloma cells but have been reported in all electrophoretic varieties of multiple myeloma except the nonsecretory type. In this unusual case, a 54 year old Chinese woman had a pathological fracture of the left femur, and biopsy of the fracture site revealed a round cell tumor compatible with plasmacytoma. A bone marrow aspirate revealed 50% plasma cells, many of which contained intranuclear inclusions. Protein electrophoresis was normal with no paraprotein, and urine was free from Bence-Jones protein. Under electron microscopy, the plasma cells showed electron-dense spherules not circumscribed by a membrane. The absence of a membrane was unusual, because according to all reported cases, these intranuclear inclusions were invariably membrane-bound. The association of nonsecretion of paraprotein in myeloma, which is rare, and the absence of a membrane enclosing the intranuclear inclusions, which is heretofore unreported, is probably not coincidental but causally related in that paraprotein produced in the nucleus of myeloma cells (stored in the form of intranuclear inclusions) fails to be detected in serum and urine because of noninteraction between these inclusions and the membranes of the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum.

Cell Nucleus↗