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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Intravenous cholangiography in childhood.

Intravenous cholangiography (IVC) was performed on 102 children aged between one and 13 years. Eighty of the patients who were non-icteric were divided into four groups and received contrast medium containing either 53, 75, 106 or 150 mg iodine/kg body weight by intravenous injection over ten minutes. Complete demonstration of the common bile duct (CBD) was achieved in 85% of patients and in a similar proportion of all age groups. There was some delay in opacification of the CBD in young children but this was not of practical significance. The two higher dosage regimen gave significantly better results than the two lower dosages (p less than 0.001) and this improvement was evident in the young and older age groups. Nausea and vomiting occurred as side effects in 6%. In eight patients in whom there was inadequate demonstration by the standard IVC, an infusion technique over 3--8 hours was carried out. This improved the demonstration in three children with diagnostic results in two.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Iotroxamide--a new cholangiographic agent. Relation between plasma concentration and biliary excretion in man.

The relationship between infusion rates, plasma concentration and biliary excretion of iotroxamide were studied in 24 patients with a T-tube in situ. Plasma iotroxamide concentration was linearly related to the rate of infusion over a dose range of 0.525 to 6.3 mg/kg/min. Peak biliary concentrations and excretory rates of iotroxamide were seen when the plasma concentration was of the order of 1500 microgram/ml. The results suggest that when using a one hour infusion of iotroxamide near optimal concentrations of iodine in the bile duct can be achieved with an infusion rate of around 4 mg/kg/minute. No toxic effects were noticed from the use of this new cholangiographic agent.

Bile↗
PubMed1980

Drip infusion cholangiography using iotroxamide. Double blind comparison with ioglycamide.

A double blind clinical trial was carried out in 200 unselected patients to compare the efficacy and tolerance of ioglycamide and iotroxamide as contrast media for intravenous cholangiography. The two agents were administered by slow infusion at a rate of 2.6 mumoles/kg bodyweight/minute for one hour. Radiological opacification of the bile duct was assessed independently by two radiologists. In patients with serum bilirubin levels of less than 34 mumoles/litre visualization of the bile duct was significantly better with iotroxamide than with ioglycamide (P < 0.001). Toxic side effects were observed in 8% of patients receiving ioglycamide and in only 3% of the patients given iotroxamide.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Glucagon and infusion cholangiography.

It has been previously suggested that glucagon improves the bile duct and gall-bladder opacification obtained by infusion cholangiography. One hundred and ninety consecutive patients referred for intravenous cholangiography were entered into a double-blind study designed to see if glucagon would in fact significantly improve bile duct opacification. All patients received a one hour intravenous infusion of iotroxamide at a rate of 3.15 mg/kg body weight/min. Glucagon did not enhance bile duct opacification, the mean post-injection scores for the two groups being 2.47 +/- 1.11 and 2.29 +/- 1.15 respectively. On the basis of the present study we cannot recommend the routine use of glucagon following infusion cholangiography.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1993

The role of intravenous cholangiography in pre-operative assessment for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

With the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, pre-operative identification of calculi in the common bile duct has become increasingly important. In patients without clinical or biochemical evidence of common bile duct calculi, debate continues as to the value of intravenous cholangiography (IVC) as a screening modality for the detection of unsuspected choledocholithiasis. In a prospective series of 180 patients, IVC was used to assess the common bile duct in 113 patients at low risk of choledocholithiasis, 51 patients at high risk underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and sphincterotomy if indicated, and in 16 patients, for a variety of reasons, no pre-operative cholangiography was performed. 31% of those who had ERC and two (1.8%) of those who had IVC had duct calculi. These data do not support the routine use of IVC in patients with no evidence of common bile duct calculi and its routine use has been discontinued.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Volume rendering of three-dimensional drip infusion CT cholangiography in patients with suspected obstructive biliary disease: a retrospective study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of prolonged drip infusion CT cholangiography (DIC-CT) using meglumine iotroxate (Biliscopin) and 3D volume rendering in patients with suspected obstructive biliary disease. From a material of 142 patients who had undergone a drip infusion CT, all cases with a verified surgical or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) diagnosis (n=33) were selected. Age-matched controls were selected from the remaining examinations. Three radiologists reviewed all 66 examinations in retrospect, independently as well as in consensus. The image quality and the estimated diagnostic quality were rated as good or moderate in 91% of the 198 reviews. The consensus sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing biliary stones was 88% and 94%, respectively (with sensitivities ranging from 88% to 94% for individual observers, and specificities from 86% to 96%). Two out of three strictures were observed. No false positive strictures were described. The use of volume rendering technique (VRT) improved diagnostic certainty in 28/198 (14%) of the evaluations. The visualization of ductal stones was improved in 18/48 (38%). No differences in diagnostic quality between single and multislice CT were observed. We conclude that a detailed image of the biliary tree with good sensitivity and specificity can be obtained by means of bilirubin-governed infusion time DIC-CT with volume rendering reconstruction.

Adult↗