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Special issue on circular insanity and beyond: historic contributions of French psychiatry to contemporary concepts and research on bipolar disorder.

The original contribution of French psychiatry to what today we call bipolar disorder has its roots in 1854 in two papers that were presented in the French National Academy of Medicine by Falret and Baillarger. This event was celebrated in the same Academy in Paris in February, 2004 at its 150th anniversary. Because nearly all of the contributions of French alienists to the field of mood disorders have not been translated into English, their pioneering contributions are not as well known to the Anglophone world as those of Kraepelin, who in 1899 integrated French and other German work into his systematic treatise. To the best of our knowledge, the present special issue is the first monograph in English devoted to the pioneering French contributions in the field of mood disorders as well as contemporary research on bipolar disorder in France, Italy and the United States which supports and extends them.

Bipolar Disorder↗

On the periodicity of manic-depressive insanity, by Eliot Slater (1938): translated excerpts and commentary.

Since the classic descriptions of the course of bipolar and recurrent depressive forms of manic-depressive illness by Emil Kraepelin a century ago, it has been considered a truism that the rate of cycling increases, and wellness intervals shorten, with rising counts of recurrences, particularly early in the natural history of the illness. Less well known is that the analysis of this phenomenon is vulnerable to a computational artifact first described by Eliot Slater, based on his reanalysis of data from manic-depressive patients first evaluated by Kraepelin at the Munich Psychiatric Institute. Slater realized that there is an increasingly disproportionate representation of faster-cycling patients in sub-samples involving higher cycle-counts in pooled samples of subjects. More accurate results require analyzing illness-course either within individuals, or in groups matched for episode-counts. This artifact is pervasive in the older and modern research literature, but still not widely recognized. Since Slater's 1938 report in German is not well known, we provide an abbreviated English translation with commentary and additional reanalysis to highlight the phenomenon that might be termed 'Slater's Fallacy'.

Bipolar Disorder↗