Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Hobbies”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Absence of contact sensitization to Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.

Aloe vera has been used as a cosmetic and medical remedy since ancient times and has gained increasing popularity in recent years. Despite its widespread use, reports of allergic reactions are rare. We patch tested 702 consecutive patients with an oily extract from the leaves, Aloe pulvis from the entire plant and concentrated Aloe vera gel. A specially designed questionnaire was used for the use of Aloe vera, reasons and location of application, adverse reactions, occupation, hobbies and atopy. None of the subjects showed any reaction to one of the preparations. 2 components of the plant have to be distinguished: the bark of the leaves contains anthrachinones with pro-peristaltic and potential antibiotic and anticancer properties. Constraints have been imposed due to their considerable toxic potential. Today, mostly the Aloe gel from the center of the leaves is processed. It almost exclusively consists of carbohydrates to which also many medical effects have been attributed. Carbohydrates are not likely to induce contact sensitization, which might explain the outcome of our study. However, this does not justify unrestrained promotion of Aloe products, as scientific studies investigating the claims on its constitutional effects are few in number, and the majority of them have been unable to diminish the intuitive scepticism against miracle cures, like Aloe seems to be.

Allergens↗
PubMed2006

Contact dermatitis due to orchids (Cymbidium and Oncidium).

A 64-year-old male who cultivated orchids as a hobby, had noticed itchy erythematous lesions on both hands since 6 months earlier. His eruptions had gradually worsened and scales and fissures had appeared. Although he was treated with topical corticosteroids by a doctor, his erythema showed no improvement. Patch tests with the orchids he cultivated, fertilizers, antiseptics and insecticides showed positive reactions to the stems of Cymbidium and Oncidium orchids. A diagnosis of contact dermatitis attributable to the cultivated orchids was made.

Dermatitis, Allergic Contact↗
PubMed2006

Physical friction is under-recognized as an irritant that can cause or contribute to contact dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: The role of physical friction as an irritant in the causation of contact dermatitis is under-recognized. Frictional dermatitis is defined as an eczematous process in which physical frictional trauma contributes to the induction of a dermatitis process. OBJECTIVES: To examine the clinical background of patients in whom friction was contributing to dermatitis. METHODS: Over a 30-month period during which 2700 new patients were seen, frictional irritancy was identified as playing a role in the dermatosis in 31 cases: in 27 of these, case notes were evaluated for a range of parameters. RESULTS: Physical friction was identified as causing or contributing to the dermatitis in 18 men and nine women, mean age at onset 42 years. The hands, usually the fingers of the dominant hand, were affected in all but two cases. Occupational frictional activities were found in 25 cases: commonly handling small metal components, paper, cardboard or fabric, and driving. Potential frictional activities in hobbies were noted in 12 cases. Wet work irritancy contributed in four cases (15%). Patch testing showed relevant contact allergies as cofactors in seven of 25 subjects tested (26%). Psoriasis was a cofactor in four (15%), and atopic dermatitis in 11. The study was selective, being based in a teaching hospital clinic with a special interest in contact dermatitis. Frictional irritancy is often one of several factors contributing to dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS: The contribution of friction to contact dermatitis is under-recognized probably because dermatologists do not think about the potential for physical forces to induce eczematous changes in the skin.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Which children should we patch test?

BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in childhood was considered rare until recently. However, reports are increasing, which may reflect an increased incidence and/or more frequent patch testing of children. It is also likely that allergen exposure in children has changed with time. AIMS: To determine the most common contact allergens and the rate of positive patch-test reactions among children with suspected contact allergy. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective case study of 114 children (66 girls and 48 boys) aged from 3 to 15 years (median 11.5) patch tested over a 3-year period. Indications for patch testing included uncontrolled or deteriorating atopic dermatitis, localized dermatitis or a history of reacting to a specific allergen. RESULTS: Of 110 children for whom we had notes, 83 (75%) had a history of atopy. Positive reactions that were of current, past or possible relevance were seen in 61 children (54%); in 58 (52%) of 111 tested with the standard series (SS) and in 6 (10%) of 60 tested with the medicament series. None of the children patch tested to the corticosteroid (n = 47), shoe (n = 15), fragrance (n = 12), cosmetic (n = 10) or rubber (n = 5) series had a positive reaction. However, 11 (10%) reacted to rubber allergens within the SS and one of five to their own shoes. The lowest rate of relevant positive reactions was among those with deteriorating atopic dermatitis (22%) and facial (33%) or perioral dermatitis (40%), and the highest rate amongst those with eyelid (86%) or hand (71%) dermatitis. Nickel was the most common allergen (20%) in line with previous reports (82% female), followed by rubber chemicals (10%), fragrance (7.2%), cobalt (5.4%) and lanolin (wool alcohol) (4.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The reported incidence of ACD among children, in particular nickel and rubber allergy, appears to be increasing, which may relate to changing fashions and hobbies. Contact allergy should be considered in all children with dermatitis, particularly with eyelid or hand dermatitis, and patch testing carried out more frequently.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Living conditions of adults with intellectual disabilities from a gender perspective.

BACKGROUND: The role of gender has been a neglected issue in research on intellectual disability (ID). People with ID are generally treated as a homogenous group that are largely categorized by their level of ID. This study compared living conditions of women and men with ID and related the results to similarities and differences among the general population in corresponding age groups. METHODS: Persons with ID born in Uppsala County between 1959 and 1974 constituted the study sample. Information on the living conditions of 110 persons with ID was collected using questionnaires completed by relatives and staff. Information on living conditions of the general population was obtained through national welfare statistics conducted by Statistics Sweden (SCB). RESULTS: In both samples corresponding diversities were revealed for type of employment/daily activities, where women worked in traditional female job sectors and men were occupied with traditional male jobs. Women and men with ID participated to about the same extent in recreational and cultural activities and on only four of the 19 activities listed in the questionnaire (visits to the cinema and library, reading books and practising hobbies alone) significant differences were observed. Among women and men in the general population, we found gender-related differences in 13 of the activities listed. However, with the exception of women more frequently visiting the library and reading books, the two samples demonstrated no corresponding gender-related differences. For the remaining six domains (finances, family and social relations, housing, transport, community participation and personal safety), no differences were noted between women and men with ID. This finding contrasted sharply with the differences found between women and men in the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Surprisingly, the comparison yielded few differences in living conditions between women and men with ID compared with those found in women and men of the general population. This finding suggests that people with ID were treated as gender-neutral persons rather than as women and men with individual preferences and needs. Thus, it appears that having ID is a more important determinant than gender regarding living conditions for women and men with ID.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Life after the mental hospital: the way of life of deinstitutionalized psychiatric patients.

This article describes and analyses the way of life of deinstitutionalized long-term psychiatric patients in Northern Finland. The major focus of the paper is the central areas of life of the outpatients as one dimension of subjectivity. The data were collected by interviewing 25 discharged long-term psychiatric patients. The findings suggest that home was the central area of life for the outpatients but they differed in their relation to it. Some of the patients were actively building their home. For some others home was an asylum in which to hide from social life. Many patients had hobbies that only took place inside their homes. One of the problems that the outpatients had to face was lack of work. The elderly patients who generally regarded work as a virtue experienced difficulties in finding something to do in their modern suburban homes. Social participation was mostly labelled by the old and familiar hospital models. The patients had no new acquaintances. They kept contact with their former fellow patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

The coping of an adolescent who has been in psychiatric inpatient care and her mother in everyday life.

The purpose of this study was to describe the coping of an adolescent girl who had been psychiatric inpatient care and her mother in everyday life. The case study design was used to gain intimate knowledge of the persons' condition, thoughts, feelings, actions, intentions and environment. The data were collected by interviewing the adolescent and her mother during 1999-2001. The informants were interviewed three times. The data were analysed by inductive content analysis. Six categories were formulated to describe the coping demands faced by the adolescent who had been in psychiatric inpatient care. They were: suicidal behaviour, failing mental health, narrow social network, weakening sense of reality, low self-esteem and negative feedback from others. Her coping strategies were hobbies, praying and occasionally withdrawal into a fantasy world. Emotional support was her most important coping resource. The coping demands faced by the mother concerned her daughter's aggressive behaviour, withdrawal from personal relationships and inability to concentrate. The mother worried about her daughter's unstable mental health and future. She was also extremely concerned about the relationships between the family members. On top of everything else, the mother developed new somatic diseases. The mother took care of herself by studying and doing handiwork. Social life was very important to her. Her main coping resource was emotional support. She got emotional support from friends and members of the family. The family had previously kept in touch with friends, but the husband had broken off all contacts.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Drowning deaths of zero- to five-year-old children in Victorian dams, 1989-2001.

OBJECTIVE: To examine drowning deaths of young children in Victorian dams to identify common contributing factors in order to develop strategies for future prevention. DESIGN: Case records of children aged zero to five years from the State Coroner's Office Victoria were reviewed for the 13-year period 1989-2001. Cases where the child drowned in a dam were extracted for analysis. RESULTS: During the 13-year period there were 27 deaths; 11 occurred on farms, five on hobby farms and 11 on properties where it was not specified whether the property was a farm. Almost three quarters of the children were male and the majority were aged between one year and three years. Half of the incidents occurred on the weekend and nearly half occurred during the summer months. Five major factors were common among incidents: stage of the child's development; absence of carer supervision; child playing outside the house; dam within 300 metres of where the child was playing; and lack of effective barriers between the dam and the child. CONCLUSION: The coronial information examined identified patterns of behaviour by both carers and young children that contributed to these deaths. The results support the implementation of strategies such as the promotion of child safe play areas and targeted public awareness campaigns for rural and regional aquatic environments.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1997

Kenneth Fitzpatrick Russell: the first reader to the Gordon Craig Library.

A review of the life and achievements of Kenneth Fitzpatrick Russell, whose death in his 76th year robbed us of a civilized gentleman who was at the zenith of his creative output, would be a daunting task, if only because of the breadth of his hobbies and interests: art and medical literature; reading; sinology and seal carving; numismatics, medical philately; bookbinding, collecting bookplates; carpentry; metal work, including pewter casting and silversmithing; model ship building and cooking. Yet these various interests were simply a backdrop to his public career at the University of Melbourne and the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, where he laid the foundations of an international reputation as scholar and collector.

Australia↗
PubMed2005

Parenting, achievement strategies and satisfaction in ice hockey.

The aim of this study is to understand adolescent players' satisfaction as a function of parenting styles, players' achievement strategies, and their norm breaking behavior. Finnish 14- and 16-year-old ice-hockey players (n=1018) completed a questionnaire measuring their achievement strategies (SAQ; Nurmi, Salmela--Aro & Haavisto, 1995 b), as well as scales of norm breaking and satisfaction, prepared for the present study. The parents (n=979) filled in scales measuring their parenting styles (CRPR; Pulkkinen, 1996) and attitudes towards norm breaking. Results revealed that players from authoritative families who showed a high level of mastery-orientation expressed high satisfaction in playing ice hockey. Results also showed negative associations between authoritative parenting and both task irrelevant and norm breaking behavior. Parents with parental stress and those with authoritarian parenting styles showed positive attitudes to norm breaking behavior, and players from authoritarian and parental stress homes showed norm breaking behavior in ice hockey. There was no association between norm breaking behavior and player satisfaction. Our results contribute to the planning of a coaching system that serves more educational and developmental purposes, and that encourages the desire to play ice hockey as a hobby.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

A comparative study of the social conditions of spouses of long term patients cared for either in nursing homes or home care.

In order to study the social conditions of spouses of patients suffering from long term illnesses structured interviews were performed. The interviewees were divided into two groups: spouses of persons with chronic conditions cared for at home and spouses of patients cared for in nursing homes. Each group consisted of 27 spouses and there were no differences in physical health score, Mini mental score or ability to manage primary Activities of Daily Living functions between the groups. Home care spouses paid fewer visits to children, had fewer friends and paid fewer visits to friends and they also had time for hobbies or interests significantly more seldom (reading, visits to church) than nursing home spouses. There were no significant differences between the groups concerning sex, socio-economic class, housing conditions and amount of home health services. Their contact with children and their feelings of loneliness were reported to be the same.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Elderly people's daily activities and need for mobility support.

The aim of the present study is to describe elderly people's performance of some daily activities in relation to their need for mobility support in their living environment. Two groups of individuals, over the age of 65 and living in an old urban area with access to elevators in their housing, were compared, as regards mobility, shopping, hobbies and social contacts. The first group (n = 284) comprised persons who needed assistance from another person in using the elevator. The subjects in the second group (n = 325) were able to manage the elevator independently. The subjects in the first group experienced more problems in carrying out the activities than those in the second group. Weekly shopping was the only action in which the findings demonstrated no main differences between the groups. Throughout all the activities of daily living (ADL), and in both groups, there were persons who were rated as having the capacity to perform the activities, but did not do so and did not want to do so. The elderly, especially in the first group, wanted to engage in more activities than they were judged to have the capacity for and/or the environmental support to do. The implications of the result for the assessment of the homes of the elderly in relation to their environment are discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2006

School health nurses and substance use among adolescents - towards individual identification and early intervention.

Adolescents' health is today threatened by the use of alcohol and other psychoactive substances. It is therefore important to develop interventions related to substance use in school health care. The aim of this study was to examine the empowering or risk background factors related to substance use among adolescents, and the ability of school nurses (PHN) to identify these factors and to provide needed individual early intervention. The data were collected by semistructured questionnaires completed by 14- to 18-year-old adolescents (n = 326, response rate 79) and PHNs (n = 10) in 2004. The adolescent questionnaire consisted of items related to the respondents' background and Adolescents' Substance Use Measurement (ADSUME). Following individual consent, adolescents' ADSUME responses were sent to the PHNs for intervention. The PHNs assessed the adolescents' empowering background factors and intervention using the questionnaire, and 70% (n = 228) of their answers matched the adolescents' answers. The data were analysed with the SPSS software using the chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, kappa coefficient and agreement percentages. Substance use among adolescents was associated with parental support, mother's education and smoking, the adolescents' knowledge about substances, peer support and hobbies. The PHNs' assessments regarding supportive background were not in agreement with the assessments of adolescents who were using hazardous substances. One-fifth of the adolescents received the brief intervention, although many of them might have needed extra support and follow-up on the basis of their ADSUME results. The research findings can be generalized only for alcohol use, because only 3% of the study informants used substances other than alcohol. Further research is warranted concerning PHNs' ability to identify hazardous substance use and to ensure preventive early intervention and requisite support among substance-using adolescents in order to improve evidence-based health promotion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of the experience sampling method and questionnaires to assess visual activities in pre-teen and adolescent children.

AIM: A study was conducted to assess the feasibility of the experience sampling method (ESM) to quantify the daily visual tasks of children. METHODS: Thirty-one children (9-14 years old, 39% male) were randomly paged after school (four times per day) and on weekends (eight times per day) for seven consecutive days. When paged, the children completed a voicemail survey regarding the nature, duration, working distance and type of visual correction worn during the activity. Responses of the subjects were grouped into 14 categories. Before beginning the paging, each child and one parent also reported, via survey, the number of hours and working distance for several visual activities. RESULTS: The usable (complete voicemail responses) response rate was 87.1%. The most commonly reported activity category was watching television (17.8%). Other common responses included distance activities (12.5%), reading/studying (12.2%) and sports/outdoor activities (12.0%). Of the total number of responses, 25% were near work activities (reading/studying, computer use, near hobbies and playing Game Boy). The mean working distance (+/-S.D.) reported was 40.4 +/- 36.9 cm for reading/studying, 232.9 +/- 127.1 cm for watching television, 354.7 +/- 345.8 cm for distance activities and 438.5 +/- 421.0 cm for sports/outdoor activities. When comparing the ESM to surveys, the only significant difference was for the amount of time estimated to be spent in talking/conversation (p < 0.0001). No differences were found for any of the near work activities. CONCLUSIONS: The ESM provides a feasible way to quantify daily near work tasks in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Cognitive, extrapyramidal, and magnetic resonance imaging predictors of functional impairment in nondemented older community dwellers: the Sydney Older Person Study.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the clinical correlates of functional incapacity in the community living "old-old." DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Community-based. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred six nondemented people aged 80 to 94. MEASUREMENTS: Participants were medically and cognitively assessed, underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning (MRI), and were interviewed regarding their functional status: activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs (IADLs), and the complex IADL functions of reading, hobbies, and socializing. RESULTS: Dependency in IADLs, but not ADLs, was present. After controlling for age, sex, and education, extrapyramidal (EP) signs were significantly associated with two of the three IADLs, with EP signs comprising a composite score of 10 EP signs (e.g., resting tremor) and a 5-meter timed walk. Cognitive test performance on a range of tests was also associated with functional status. A hierarchical model confirmed the association between the EP signs and cognitive test performance and functional scores, but no "pattern" of cognitive association emerged. Hippocampal volume was associated with socializing. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that many nondemented very old people living in the community are losing capacity to perform IADL functions and that areas of incapacity are associated with the presence of EP signs and impaired cognition. These results highlight the need for health workers to include an assessment of EP and cognitive status in their evaluation of older persons living in the community, even in the context of a lack of dementia diagnosis. Furthermore, it signifies the need to directly evaluate IADL function to identify need for intervention and support if required. This group of old-old individuals may now be considered the "survivors" of their cohort, and early detection of the difficulties they are experiencing will enable clinicians to respond appropriately, thus providing them a higher quality of life for their years to come.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical activity and postpartum well-being.

OBJECTIVE: To describe reported patterns of postpartum physical activity and to identify benefits or risks associated with postpartum physical activity at 6 weeks postpartum. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data collected prenatally and postpartum in a study of obstetric outcomes at a midwestern tertiary-care center and its ambulatory satellite and hospital clinics. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand three women completed a questionnaire at the 6-week postpartum clinic visit. Mean age was 29.7 years, and mean education level was 15.3 years. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Participation in vigorous exercise, change in postpartum activity level, postpartum weight retention, infant feeding method, maternal postpartum adaptation, and participation in activities for fun. RESULTS: Nearly 35% reported doing vigorous exercise with a modal frequency of three times per week. More active women had retained significantly less weight (8.6 lb [3.9 kg]) than their less active counterparts (11.3 lb [5.1 kg]). Vigorous exercisers demonstrated a consistent pattern of better scores on measures of postpartum adaptation and were more likely than nonexercisers to participate in fun activities, such as socializing, hobbies, and entertainment. Breastfeeding was not adversely affected by vigorous exercise. CONCLUSIONS: These exploratory results indicate that physical and psychologic benefits may accrue to postpartum women who are able to exercise vigorously and avoid decreasing their usual level of activity. A prospective randomized test of this relationship is warranted. Although positive outcomes of physical activity have been demonstrated in the population at large, exercise has rarely been an element in postpartum care plans. Nurses who care for women after childbirth should assess women's exercise goals and support them in their desired activities.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Maintenance of grip on life and goals of life: a valuable criterion for evaluating outcome in schizophrenia.

This article describes the evaluation of schizophrenia patients' maintenance of grip as a comprehensive assessment of the total psychosocial status of these patients. This evaluation was tested with new schizophrenic patients (DSM-III) who took part in a standardized interview at entry and after a 2-year follow-up. The interviews and examinations were conducted by the psychiatric teams responsible for the treatment of the patients. There was a clear positive correlation between the evaluation of maintenance of grip and interpersonal interaction, heterosexual development, hobbies, level of activity and productivity (working) of the patients, and a negative correlation with negative symptoms. The psychodynamically interpreted evaluation of the degree of regression correlated positively with maintenance of grip, but only after the 2-year follow-up. At entry the other variables describing the psychosocial status of the patient explained 22% of the variation in maintenance of grip, but 41% at the follow-up stage. The evaluation of maintenance of grip presented at baseline also predicted the coping of the patients during the follow-up stage. The authors recommend that the evaluation of maintenance of grip be used as an auxiliary tool in the assessment and treatment of schizophrenia patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Recently reported causes of contact dermatitis due to synthetic resins and hardeners.

This study is a survey of recent literature and my own observations concerning dermatological risks of processing and producing plastics. A plea for understanding and cooperation is directed to manufacturers, jurists, occupational physicians, safety engineers, toxicologists, allergologists, dermatologists, industrial and hobby workers, purchasers, consumers and other people involved in order to reach optimal knowledge about risks of processing, warnings and safety procedures.

Acrylamides↗