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Results for “Health Status Indicators”

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PubMed1987

Working conditions and the relationship between schooling and health.

This paper's main objective is to investigate an occupational linkage in the empirically observed positive relationship between schooling and health. Combining results from the health economics literature and labor economic studies of occupational choice, a theoretical model is developed which allows schooling to affect health directly and indirectly, through choice of work environment and other market inputs in health production. The model is estimated using data from the 1980 Health Interview Survey, combined with occupational information from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. The empirical results indicate the existence of a small occupation effect in the schooling-health relationship, but this effect is conservatively estimated and biased downward given the presence of unobserved differences in individuals' initial health status. The general findings highlight the importance of investigating the health effects of occupational hazards using longitudinal data and comprehensive measures of hazards which include stress at work.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1981

Geographic distribution of occupational therapists.

This paper reports the findings of a recent study conducted to determine whether there is an appropriate distribution of occupational therapists in the United States. A method for an analysis of requirements for occupational therapists was developed to assess whether, given requirements indicators in each county, the current distribution is appropriate. As a final stage of the analysis, three groups of counties were singled out for special attention: 1. those with no occupational therapists; 2. those with low levels of relative supply of occupational therapists; and 3. those with high levels of relative supply of occupational therapists. These groups were compared in order to determine whether differences exist in demographic characteristics and health status indicators that might be associated with differences in the supply of occupational therapists in each group of countries. Conclusions and discussion of potential policy implications were drawn from the descriptive and analytic findings.

Health Services Needs and Demand↗
PubMed1997

Prospective versus retrospective measurement of change in health status: a community based study in Geneva, Switzerland.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare prospective and retrospective measurements of change in health status. DESIGN: Health status was measured using a French language version of the short form 36 (SF-36) health survey on two occasions one year apart--in 1992 and 1993. Differences in SF-36 scores measured prospectively were compared with the patients' single item retrospective evaluation of change in health (transition item). SETTING: This was a community based study among members of two health insurance plans in Geneva, Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS: Altogether 831 young adults (mean age 30 years at baseline). MAIN RESULTS: Health status remained stable on average during the study period. The retrospective rating correlated well with changes in health measured prospectively: those who said in 1993 that their current health was "much worse" than in 1992 experienced an average decrease of 1.06 SD on the eight SF-36 scales, while those who said that their health was "much better" recorded an average improvement of 0.43 SD. The associations between prospective and retrospective assessments of change were approximately linear for all scales but physical functioning. The transition item also discriminated between time periods: transition reported for 1991-92 did not correlate with changes recorded for 1992-93. Relative validity analyses indicated that the transition item was better suited to capture changes in general health than changes in purely physical or mental aspects of health. CONCLUSIONS: The concordance between retrospective and prospective measures of change in health suggests that both are sensitive, to some extent, to true changes in health status. Using both types of assessment may improve the reliability of measurements of change.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

"Good jobs" to "bad jobs": replicated evidence of an employment continuum from two large surveys.

The goal of this study was to offer an expanded conceptualization of the employment continuum and test its utility by examining the association of different employment statuses with physical health and depression. Using data from two large cross-sectional surveys we develop five different employment categories (i.e., "optimal", "economically good", "psychologically good", "barely adequate", and "inadequate" employment) in addition to unemployment to form an employment continuum. Evidence from these studies indicates that less than optimal forms of employment are not randomly distributed throughout the population, and that a substantial number of adults are working in "inadequate or "barely adequate" jobs. Moreover, our analyses revealed a consistent association between less than optimal jobs and poorer physical and mental health among adults. We conclude our paper by discussing important policy implications of these findings and offering suggestions for future research.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lack of stress-health relationships: a base rate problem?

The lack of relationship between psychological or social stressors and various health indices is common. This paper presents stress and health data collected from nurses at 10 different hospitals and from food processors at eight different sites. Correlations computed in samples constructed so that the number of people affected by a particular illness is approximately equal to those not so affected were consistently higher than similar correlations computed for the entire sample of 1,934 respondents. Because correlations are affected by the base rate of the phenomenon one is studying, it is suggested that other indices such as simple percentages in affected and unaffected groups are more appropriate.

Health Status Indicators↗
PubMed1998

Trends in health services utilization in eight provinces in China, 1989-1993.

Continued pursuit of market-oriented reforms in China seems to have resulted in increasing income disparities. This has raised concerns about possible declines in the use of health services by the poor. Using data from three waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1989, 1991, 1993), we examine whether people age 20-45 in eight provinces became less likely to seek care when ill. We carried out three probit estimations of seeking care when ill; the predictor variables include individual and workplace characteristics, a measure of the severity of illness and community level factors. Health care is broadly defined to include basic level clinics as well as urban hospitals. We find no evidence that health care utilization is decreasing. Rather, for people in a community survey reporting mainly mild or moderate illness, health care continues to be accessible. We consider possible limits of our study and discuss extensively the implications of the use of illness reports from the three cross-sectional surveys as health status indicators.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Health situation of and health service provided for adult migrants--a survey conducted during school admittance examinations].

BACKGROUND: In spite of the increasing numbers of migrants in Germany, only few epidemiological studies have been carried out to investigate the health status of ethnic minorities in Germany. Results from national and international studies on the health of immigrants are inconsistent showing either increased or decreased morbidity in relation to native inhabitants. A survey was undertaken to study the self-reported health status, help-seeking behaviour, and health care utilization among immigrants and Germans. METHODS: 565 adults (276 immigrants and 289 Germans, 97% parents) in Bielefeld, Germany, were interviewed while they accompanied children who attended the pre-school medical examinations. In the analysis descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used. RESULTS: The self-reported general health status of the study population was good for Germans and immigrants. Germans utilized health care facilities and preventive programmes (e. g. screening programmes) more frequently than immigrants. Furthermore, Germans reported higher levels of satisfaction with health care and a higher level of knowledge about several diseases as compared to immigrants. Logistic regression models indicate that neither migration itself (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.4 - 1.1) nor socio-economic factors (OR for low vs. high social level = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.6 - 2.4) were significantly associated with physical diseases among the study population. CONCLUSIONS: We found no indications that immigrants are less healthy compared to Germans. Further investigations are needed to clarify the differences in patterns of health care utilisation and participation in preventive programmes among Germans and ethnic minorities.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Wine preference and related health determinants in a U.S. national sample of young adults.

This study examined relationships between wine preference and selected health determinants in a U.S. national sample of young adults to improve understanding of the association between light-moderate wine consumption and long-term morbidity and mortality risk. Interview data collected from 12,958 young adults who participated in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were analyzed to determine whether wine preference was related to educational, health and lifestyle characteristics that are predictive of long-term morbidity and mortality. Wine drinkers generally had more formal education, better dietary and exercise habits, and more favorable health status indicators (e.g., normal body mass) than other drinkers and non-drinkers. A larger proportion of wine drinkers were light-moderate drinkers compared to beer or liquor drinkers, and wine drinkers were less likely to report smoking or problem drinking than beer or liquor drinkers. These findings indicate that wine preference in young adulthood is related to educational, health and lifestyle characteristics that may help to explain the association between light-moderate wine consumption and morbidity, and mortality risk in later adulthood.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The preliminary assessment of the Social Transition in the North dataset: a comparison of STN survey and enumeration data for selected Northwest Alaskan communities.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the results from STN survey data with a mailback health study of the same communities to assess the reliability of the STN data. STUDY DESIGN. Sample characteristics and respondes to health questions were compared through secondary data analysis. Data from the STN sample was compared to an enumeration study for the same or similar questions, including demographic characteristics and health status indicators, were compared. METHODS: The STN study used the sample of 715 households in 18 Alaskan and Russian Far East communities to obtain data on the demographic transition, epidemiological transition and domestic transition of residents in northern communities. A study of the health and human service needs was conducted in Northwest Alaska using a mailback health questionnaire within a few years of the STN study. RESULTS: Both data sets appear to be taken from similar populations. Responses to health questions show marked similarities. CONCLUSION: The comparison strongly suggests that the STN data is representative of northern Alaska communities surveyed and can be a valuable source of reliable data on the health and welfare of northern communities. The data on the self-reported prevalence of health conditions may not be useful at the community level.

Alaska↗