Cyclosporin A-induced hair darkening.
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Aged↗
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Results for “Hair Color”
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Poliosis circumscripta associated with scalp naevi: a report of four cases.
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Adolescent↗
Green hair: causes and management.
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Copper↗
Laser hair removal.
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Clinical Trials as Topic↗
Evaluation of factors associated with skin self-examination.
Early detection and excision of thin lesions may be important in reducing mortality from melanoma. Periodic skin self-examination may be beneficial in identifying thin lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors associated with skin self-examination. The study population was comprised of 549 Caucasian residents of Connecticut 18 years of age or older who were selected as controls as part of a population-based case-control study on skin self-examination and melanoma conducted during 1987-1989. Personal interviews were conducted to obtain information on skin self-examination, demographics, history of cancer, phenotypic characteristics, sun exposure habits, and screening and health behaviors. Nevus counts were performed by trained nurse interviewers. Logistic regression was used to model the relationship between the variables of interest and skin self-examination. Female gender was identified a priori as a predictor of skin self-examination, and thus all analyses were stratified by gender. Age, education, and marital status were also identified a priori as important predictor variables and were selected for inclusion in the final models. Skin awareness was a strong factor associated with skin self-examination for both females and males. For females, previous benign biopsy or the presence of an abnormal mole was identified as important for future skin self-examination using our criteria. A family history of cancer, physician examination, and change in diet to reduce cancer risk increased the likelihood of skin self-examination in males but not females. In women, light hair color may increase the likelihood of performing skin self-examination. Older age and college or postgraduate education was associated with a decreased likelihood of performing skin self-examination in both males and females. Identifying factors associated with skin self-examination will enable health care providers to target individuals who may not be performing skin self-examination but who are at increased risk for developing melanoma.
Adolescent↗
Temporary hair loss using the long-pulsed alexandrite laser at 20 milliseconds.
Facial hypertrichosis presents an enormous psychological burden for women. Temporary hair removal (waxing, plucking, etc.) and electrolysis are prolonged and unsatisfactory methods of treatment. For a few years several laser systems with varying wavelengths, pulse durations and energy fluences have been used successfully in laser epilation. In the retrospective study on hand, we report on results of 30 female patients with hypertrichosis in the facial area treated with the long pulse alexandrite laser at 20 msec (Cynosure PhotoGenica LPIR/Apogee; 755 nm; 20 msec; up to 30 J/cm2; 10 or 12.5 mm beam diameter) over an 18 month treatment period. After an average of 8 treatments, an average clearance rate of 75% could be achieved. Fair hair (white/blond/red) only showed a clearance rate of 10%. Hypo- and hyperpigmentation did not appear. The most frequent adverse effects were the occasional appearance of scattered crusting (17%), which healed without consequences, and folliculitis (13%). The average post-treatment observation time lasted 3.25 months. The long-pulsed alexandrite laser at a pulse duration of 20 msec is an effective and safe method of treatment of hypertrichosis in the facial region of women. Black hair responds considerably better to the laser treatment than fair hair. A longer post-treatment observation time is necessary, though, in order to provide evidence for the permanence of the success of the method.
Adult↗
Representation of facial expressions of emotion.
Inversion interferes with the encoding of configural and holistic information more than it does with the encoding of explicitly represented and isolated parts. Accordingly, if facial expressions are explicitly represented in the face representation, their recognition should not be greatly affected by face orientation. In the present experiment, response times to detect a difference in hair color in line-drawn faces were unaffected by face orientation, but response times to detect the presence of brows and mouth were longer with inverted than with upright faces, independent of the emergent expression (neutral, happy, sad, and angry). Expressions are not explicitly represented; rather, they and the face configuration are represented as undecomposed wholes.
Adult↗
Normalisation of hair follicle morphology in C3H/HeJ alopecia areata mice after treatment with squaric acid dibutylester.
Alopecia areata is a non-scarring, reversible disorder, presumably caused by an autoimmune attack on anagen hair follicles. Treatments are numerous, and most of these are ineffective. However, the elicitation of contact dermatitis on the affected skin is commonly associated with hair regrowth. A major advance in the study of alopecia areata has been the introduction and characterisation of the C3H/HeJ mouse model that exhibits many features of the human disease. In this study we examined the effects of squaric acid dibutylester treatment on hair follicles and the associated leukocyte infiltrate in alopecia areata mice by light and transmission electron microscopic analysis. This was compared with unaffected normal mice and alopecic untreated mice. Experimental mice were treated unilaterally with the contact allergen squaric acid dibutylester and the skin was assessed after hair regrowth. The characteristic pathological picture of alopecia areata was observed in alopecic but not normal mice. Nine of eleven experimental mice regrew hair on the treated side only and this was associated with a reduction in peri/intrafollicular inflammatory cell infiltrates, hair follicle dystrophy, melanin incontinence/clumping, and an increase in the numbers of hair follicles in full anagen. This normalisation of hair follicle status after treatment reflects the successful reversal of disease in these mice. The mechanism of action of topical immunotherapy with a potent contact allergen such as squaric acid dibutylester still needs to be elucidated, but an altered immune milieu is suspected. This study further validates the C3H/HeJ mouse model of alopecia areata in the search for therapeutic interventions in this common hair follicle disorder.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Interaction of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genotypes and malignant melanoma.
The mu and theta classes of glutathione S-transferases (GST) may affect the development of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) by decreasing cellular oxidative stress in skin. These isozymes are absent in a large proportion of the population because of germ-line homozygous deletions in the genes encoding GSTM1 and GSTT1. To determine the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 homozygous deletions (GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null, respectively) and CMM, we studied 212 patients with CMM, 150 patients with CMM and dysplastic nevi (DN), 147 patients with DN alone, and 124 healthy persons without CMM or DN. Comparing CMM cases (n = 362) to participants without CMM (n = 271), we found no association with GSTM1 null [odds ratio (OR), 1.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86-1.6] or GSTT1 null (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.56-1.2), either independently or in combination (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.81-2.2), after adjusting for age. However, among the subset of participants with red or blond hair, those with CMM were twice as likely to carry GSTM1 null (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.2) and nearly 10-fold more likely to carry both GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null (OR, 9.5; 95% CI, 1.2-73) compared with those without CMM. These data suggest that among persons with hair colors traditionally associated with increased risk for melanoma, absence of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 may act to further elevate CMM risk.
Adult↗
Acquired ciliary circumscribed grey hair (ACCG).
Grey-haired areas usually occur due to aging or inheritance. A case is described of abrupt occurrence of a focal circumscribed grey-hair in the eyebrow region (a single hair) in a 27-year-old woman. The phenomenon was named acquired ciliary circumscribed grey-hair (ACCG). Qualitative and semiquantitative findings were obtained by microanalytical studies. In addition to morphological differences from control hair, the ACCG hair showed a high percentage of sulfur (99.8%) and absence of oligoelements.
Adult↗
The mouse pink-eyed unstable mutation: a DNA duplication revealed by genome scanning.
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Alleles↗
Thickness, medullation and growth rate of female scalp hair are subject to significant variation according to pigmentation and scalp location during ageing.
The biological importance and/or significance of human hair colour is unknown even though greying is obviously associated with ageing. In order to further characterise hair pigmentation in relation with hair growth variables we evaluated 3 scalp sites (top of the head (T): left and right and occipital(O)) in 12 untreated menopausal women (age range: 49-66 years: average 59.63 +/- 5.66) who presented complaining of hair loss and/or diffuse alopecia. Controls were 12 non menopausal sexually mature woman (7 age range 15-21 and 5 age range 38-48) not complaining of hair loss. One hair sample (whenever possible n = 60) was taken one month after clipping from T and O on each person; menopausal women were sampled twice. The following measures were performed with a light microscope: diameter (average min-max., microm), medulla (0% = absent to 100% = fully developed) and linear hair growth rate (mm/day). The hairs were categorised as pigmented (P) or non-pigmented (white, W) as compared with a black and white reference card. A total of 3343 hairs were analysed with 2-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). A global comparison (all hairs) showed that the average diameter of W hair (67.68 microm) exceeded that of P hair (57.41 microm) (p = 0.0001) and this was maintained on all 3 scalp sites. In addition, the medulla of W hair (23.91%) appeared more developed than the medulla of P hair (12.21%) (p = 0.0001) and was more expressed in W T hairs as compared with W O hairs (p = 0.0325). There was also a significant interaction between site and pigmentation (p = 0.0074). Growth rate of W hairs (0.38 mm/d) was higher than that of P hairs (0.35 mm/d) (p = 0.0001) and there was a significant variation according to scalp sites (p = 0.0001). There was also a significant interaction between site and pigmentation (p = 0.0062) with the following rank order: O W (0.40 mm/d), T W (0.37 mm/d), O P (0.37 mm/d) and T P (0.34 mm/d). Subgroups of W and P of paired thickness in the range of 50 to 80 pm consistently showed a 10% faster growth rate of W. Previous studies have shown that growth rate and diameter declines in age and alopecia i.e. in hair thinning. Our data shows that the reduced growth rate of terminal hairs is in fact limited to the pigmented hairs. The mechanisms by which white hairs are spared these ageing changes are not yet understood. Less pigmented hairs are usually undetected by photo- graphic techniques used for drug trials. The potential role of drug induced modifications of hair pigmentation should be taken into account during the interpretation of efficacy except if contrast-enhancement has been applied.
Aged↗
Microscopic high-resolution digital volumetric imaging of human hair fibers.
Methods for examining cationic polymer deposition on hair are well known and polymers such as Polyquaternium-10 have enjoyed a significant commercial impact on shampoos and body washes as unique conditioning materials. It was recently reported that hair can be examined using a new microscopic called Digital Volumetric Imaging or DVI (10). By employing fluorescent dyes, deposition of cationic oligosaccharides onto damaged blond hair fibers was discussed. Because hair auto-fluorescences, the microscope allows for examination of hair fibers directly including viewing of the cuticle, cortex and melanin within the cortex and careful imaging even distinguishes the medulla of the hair fiber. In this paper, examination of six virgin hair types including: 1) Afro-American, 2) Asian, 3) European brown, 4) red, 5) blond and 6) gray was conducted looking for differences that each hair type brings to the visualizing technique. Digital manipulation of the fluorescent data allows for examination of interior hair fiber structures as well as the development of animated movies of three dimensional hair fiber structures.
Asian People↗
[Skin expansion. A new weapon in the therapeutic arsenal of plastic surgeons].
Skin expansion is a revolutionary technique for plastic surgery. Its principle is based on the observation of clinical facts, such as pregnancy, in which the skin can readily become distended. The technique consists in implanting a silicon prosthesis, connected to a filling valve through a tube, under the skin. The inflation of this prosthesis takes 3 months. At the end of this time, good-quality skin with the same features as normal skin (color, hairs, sensation) is available. There are many indications for this technique, including substance losses, removal of congenital tumors and of scars, breast reconstruction or scalp surgery.
Alopecia↗
[Characteristics of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced anergy in transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow cells].
AIM: To investigate the characteristics of the SEB-induced anergy in transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow cells. METHODS: C57BL/J (recipients) and BALB/c (donors) mice were used in this study. The recipients were irradiated with 6.0Gy (60)Co-gamma ray followed by transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow cells (6x10(7)). The recipients treated with (60)Co-gamma-ray were then divided into 3 groups; group 1 treated with (60)Co-gamma-ray (RI control group), and group 2 (transplantation control group) and group 3 (SEB experimental group) received saline or 60 mug SEB after the transplantation of bone marrow cells. T cell subtypes and expression of MHC molecules were detected by flow cytometry. Proliferation of lymphocytes in response to ConA and allogeneic antigen were examined by MLR. RESULTS: (1) The recipients treated with and without SEB survived for at least 180 days and became chimeric with white hair color (the donors' color). (2) SEB inhibited proliferation of lymphocytes in the recipients in response to ConA but not to allogeneic antigen as compared with that in the Group 1 and Group 2 mice. (3) The CD4(+) T but not CD8(+) T cells in the recipients treated with SEB were decreased from day 30 to day 60 after transplantation. (4) With the treatment of SEB, frequency of CD3(+)/NK1.1(+) NKT cells was increased to 5.71% on day 180. In the recipients, the expression of donor's MHC H-2K(d) were enhanced 80.95% and of expression self MHC H-2K(b) was 1.45% only. CONCLUSION: SEB can induce a stronger anergy than that induced by irradiation. SEB-induced anergy is related with the reduction of CD4(+) T cells and increase of CD3(+)/NK1.1(+) NKT cells at the early phase of transplantation. T cells showed specific down-regulation in this study.
Animals↗
Aerosol spray can induced cold injury in a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon.
A 42-year-old woman with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon developed localized necrosis of her fingertip after using an aerosol can of spray hair color. Laboratory measurements indicated that while such products did not achieve freezing temperatures, they did become cold enough to potentially produce vasospasm. Patients with Raynaud's phenomenon should be cautioned that use of some aerosol products may result in a cold induced injury.
Adult↗
Segmented heterochromia in black scalp hair associated with iron-deficiency anemia. Canities segmentata sideropaenica.
A newly recognized disorder of black scalp hair is characterized by the irregularly alternating segmentation of hair into dark and light bands. A 15-year-old girl had segmented heterochromic scalp hair in association with iron-deficiency anemia. The clinical and laboratory investigations support the view that low serum iron levels play a critical role in reducing eumelanogenesis and in the possible failure of melanin transfer. The segmented heterochromic hair recovered completely after iron supplementation, which coincided with increased eumelanogenesis in the recovered hair. This clinical experience indicated participation of iron in the kinetics of melanogenesis within the follicular melanocytes.
Adolescent↗
Unreliability of self-reported burning tendency and tanning ability.
Burning and tanning histories were studied in 790 white students 18 to 30 years of age by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Only 325 cases (41.1%) were classifiable according to the Fitzpatrick scheme (skin types I to IV). Skin type I (always burn, never tan) was recorded only twice (0.3%). The minimal erythemal dose was measured in a subgroup of 197 students; these results showed no significant correlation with the self-reported burning tendency. In 508 students the burning-tanning histories were compared with eye and hair color, freckling tendency, and number of moles. The tanning ability showed a better correlation with skin complexion characteristics than the burning tendency. It is concluded that self-reported burning-tanning histories form an unreliable means of skin typing.
Adult↗