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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Zinc gluconate lozenges for common cold. A double-blind clinical trial.

In a double-blind clinical trial, a total of 463 volunteers were enrolled in a study designed to compare the effects of zinc gluconate lozenges (4.5 mg zinc) and a placebo for common cold. The tablets were to be taken every 1-1 1/2 waking hours at the first symptoms and for the following days until the common cold was over, but for no longer than 10 days. During the winter months of 1987 and 1988, 145 experienced a common cold and 130 completed the study. For final analysis, 61 patients in the zinc lozenge group and 69 patients in the placebo lozenge group were evaluated. Based on the patients' records the duration and severity of the common cold were compared. No statistically significant differences were found between the patient groups. Two recent studies using a five-time higher zinc dose per lozenge for common cold showed a significant, positive effect, but associated with frequent side-effects, first of all taste distortion. In the present study there was a weak tendency (not statistically significant, p = 0.12) towards more patients in the zinc lozenge group than in the placebo lozenge group reporting side-effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A fast spheroplast formation procedure in some 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate- and 2-keto-L-gulonate- producing bacteria.

Calcium 2-keto-L-gulonate (Ca-2-KLG, a key intermediate in vitamin C synthesis) is produced from calcium 2,5-diketo D-gluconate (Ca-2,5-DKG) by a variety of bacteria. A few bacterial species which efficiently convert glucose to Ca-2,5-DKG have been isolated in our laboratory. Our bacterial collection included species that possess the genes for production of Ca-2-KLG from Ca-2,5-DKG; however, the yield of the former is poor. A procedure for the preparation of spheroplasts in Ca-2,5-DKG- and Ca-2-KLG-producing bacteria was developed for the construction of recombinants (fusants), combining the genes for conversion of glucose to Ca-2-KLG efficiently by protoplast fusion. The standard procedure for spheroplast formation in Gram negative bacteria by the Tris-sucrose-EDTA-lysozyme system did not work in the organisms under investigation. The need for an alternative method was necessary. Our results show that, while the Tris-NaCl-EDTA-lysozyme system (pH 8.3) worked very well with bacterial strains of Gluconobacter oxydans (ATCC9937) and Acetobacter melanogenus (NCIM2259), the Tris-sucrose-EDTA-lysozyme system worked well for Erwinia herbicola (ATCC21998), Pseudomonas chlororaphis (NCIM2041) and Corynebacterium species (ATCC31090). However, none of these systems produced spheroplasts in Brevibacterium ketosoreductum (ATCC21914), for which a separate system is under development.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

Low doses of zinc gluconate for inflammatory acne.

The effect of zinc on acne is unclear. In this study, only patients with an inflammatory acne were included in a double-blind trial using low doses of zinc gluconate (200 mg/day, corresponding to 30 mg zinc metal). We obtained a significantly different result between zinc and placebo groups in the inflammatory score (p less than 0.02). This efficiency could be explained by the action of zinc on inflammatory cells, especially granulocytes.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1986

[Crystalline inclusions of the mouse thyroid. Effect of chronic treatment with lithium gluconate].

Intracytoplasmic crystalline bodies of various sizes are found in thyroid cells of 10-month-old mice and in younger animals under chronic lithium treatment. They are frequently surrounded by small microvesicles and dense bodies or enclosed in larger vesicles having a dense content. The crystalline skeleton is a network of protein fibers assembled in a characteristic axis with a periodicity of 8 nm. A deficiency of thyroid cell metabolism related to aging or lithium gluconate treatment would lead to an accumulation of substances of a crystalline pattern.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparative study of the formation of 2-keto-D-gluconic acid by free and immobilized cells of Pseudomonas putida].

The effect of glucose, oxygen and 2-keto-D-gluconic acid (2KG) concentrations on the 2KG production by free and immobilized cells of Pseudomonas putida was studied. The effect of these factors was found to be similar in case of both free and immobilized cells, but the rate of the 2KG production by the free cells was a little higher as compared to the immobilized cells.

Cell Movement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the medium composition on the accumulation of 2-keto-D-gluconic acid in Pseudomonas putida cultures].

The effect of the composition of the culture medium and the age of the culture on the activities of the enzymes involved in accumulation of 2-ketogluconic acid by Pseudomonas putida was studied. The activities of glucose and gluconate dehydrogenases that are responsible for direct oxidation of glucose to 2-ketogluconic acid, were 2-3 times higher during the active growth of the culture than in the stationary phase. The activities of 2-ketogluconokinase and 2-keto-6-phosphogluconate reductase, enzymes converting 2-ketogluconic acid, increased 2-4-fold on the glucose exhausting. The latter enzymes were not active when the culture was grown on nitrogen or phosphorus deficient media, and in this case 2-ketogluconic acid was accumulated in the medium.

Culture Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assay of calcium borogluconate veterinary medicines for calcium gluconate, boric acid, phosphorus, and magnesium by using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry.

An inductively coupled plasma spectrometric method is described for the determination of 4 elements (Ca, B, P, and Mg) in calcium borogluconate veterinary medicines. Samples are diluted, acidified, and sprayed directly into the plasma. Reproducibility relative confidence intervals for a single sample assay are +/- 1.4% (calcium), +/- 1.8% (boron), +/- 2.6% (phosphorus), and +/- 1.4% (magnesium). The total element concentrations for each of 4 elements compared favorably with concentrations determined by alternative methods. Formulation estimates of levels of calcium gluconate, boric acid, phosphorus, and magnesium salts can be made from the analytical data.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Calcitonin, calcium lactate-gluconate + potassium phosphate, calcium phosphate: changes induced in the biology of the patient with multiple fractures].

The effects of multiple injuries on the principle aspects of bone physiology are reviewed from the literature. In a clinical trial involving 14 patients with multiple fractures excluding cranial injuries, 5 were given porcine Calcitonin, two calcium gluconate-lactate with added potassium phosphate, and two calcium phosphate. Five patients acted as controls. The parameters under study were modified to varying degrees by the different substances. It was found that Calcitonin had no effect whatsoever on the healing of bone which remained virtually unaltered by the other compounds under trial.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

[Sequential renal scintiscanning with 99mTc calcium gluconate. Possibilities and limitations].

The methods used in the study of the kidney are discussed and sequential scintiscanning is suggested as a means of supplementing purely morphological data with morpho-functional data. An account of the modalities employed with a variety of radio-compounds and reasons are proffered for the choice of 99mTc calcium gluconate. Results obtained with this method are described. These include the acquisition of information concerning the function and shape of the renal parenchyma and urinary tracts. Organic classification of the results will be dealt with in a later paper. It is felt that the method proposed is a valuable diagnostic aid with interesting possibilities in the study of diseases of the urinary apparatus.

Calcium Gluconate↗
PubMed1984

Variations in cutaneous zinc concentrations after oral administration of zinc gluconate.

The assessment of zinc levels after oral administration of 100 mg of zinc gluconate was performed over a 72-hour period in 3 sectors: plasma, blister fluid and epidermis. The results show that zinc taken orally reaches the epidermis after 72 h and indicate the existence of an intermediary compartment between plasma and epidermis, represented by blister fluid, in which zinc concentration is 243.9 +/- 32.2 micrograms/l, that is, the ratio blister fluid/plasma = 0.33.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

The effects of zinc gluconate, vitamin A and caesium salts on colon carcinoma in mice.

Tests have been conducted using caesium salts, zinc gluconate and vitamin A on colon carcinoma ( C38 ) implants in BDF1 mice. Preliminary work suggested a correlation between the repression of tumour growth and the use of these compounds. Present data show a high degree of tumour repression when selected amounts of these compounds are used together in a treatment protocol.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Significance of the ability of Candida Berhout to assimilate D-glucuronic acid, D-glucono-delta-lactone and 5-keto-D-gluconate for systematics].

117 Candida strains representing 76 species and varieties were studied. Most of them readily assimilated glucono-delta-lactone with an exception of species which were imperfect analogues of Pichia spp. with round ascospores, Saccharomyces spp. and Kluyveromyces spp. The test for assimilation of 5-keto-D-gluconate can be used to differentiate varieties of C. guilliermondii, C. pelliculosa, and species C. zeylanoides and C. vinaria. The group of glucuronate-positive species belonging to the genus Candida comprises both ascomycetous and basidiomycetous organisms. The former lack the urease activity. Among the latter, C. curvata, C. humicola, C. marina and C. podzolica produce extracellular polysaccharides identical in the monosaccharide composition to polysaccharides of cryptococci. These four species should be included into the genus Cryptococcus.

Candida↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Assimilation of glucuronic and gluconic acids and ketogluconates by Torulopsis species].

Yeast strains (75) of the Torulopsis genus belonging to 42 species and varieties were studied. Most of them readily assimilated glucono-delta-lactone, with the exception of species that were imperfect analogues of the species Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces. Only five of the species were capable of assimilating 5-keto-D-gluconate, and merely two of them, namely, T.ingeniosa and T. fragaria, assimilated D-glucuronic acid. These species have a basidiomycetic affinity in chemotaxonomic features.

Candida↗
PubMed1980

A pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of iron poly (sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex.

The pharmacokinetics of iron poly (sorbitol-gluconic acid) complex (IPSG) were studied following a single intramuscular injection of 59Fe-labelled IPSG to 4 iron deficient-patients. The results showed a more rapid uptake of iron from the site of injection than that reported with iron dextran while there was a lower urinary excretion than found with iron sorbitol citrate. A clinical study was carried out in 11 patients with iron deficiency anaemia. Patients were allocated at random to receive IPSG as either 250 mg or 500 mg elemental iron per week for 8 weeks. A satisfactory response to therapy was obtained with each regimen whether measured by an increase in haemoglobin concentration or in serum ferritin concentration. Few side-effects were encountered but discomfort and staining at the injection site was found on the higher dose schedule.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1980

Complexes of technetium with hydroxycarboxylic acids: gluconic, glucoheptonic, tartaric, and citric.

Technetium complexes of several hydroxycarboxylic acids are used for medical imaging. To determine the oxidation state of technetium in these agents, we studied the reduction of pertechnetate (Tc-99) in 0.1 M solutions of four hydroxycarboxylic acids, using polarography and amperometric titration with Sn(II). In D-gluconate below pH 6, Tc(III) and Tc(V) complexes were identified with certainty, Tc(IV) questionably; at pH 6 to 10, Tc(IV) and Tc(V) were formed; above pH 10, Tc(III), Tc(IV), and Tc(V). In D-glucoheptonate below pH 6, Tc(III) and Tc(V) were formed, and questionably Tc(IV); at pH 6 to 10, Tc(V); above pH 10, Tc(III), Tc(V), and probably Tc(IV). In L-tartrate below pH 6, Tc(III), Tc(IV), and Tc(V) were formed; above pH 6, Tc(IV) and Tc(V). In citrate below pH 10, Tc(III), Tc(IV), and Tc(V) were formed; above pH 10, Tc(IV) and Tc(V). For all four ligands the initial product of reduction by Sn(II) at pH 3 to 9 was Tc(V). In freshly prepared tin-labeled imaging agents of this class, the oxidation state is probably Tc(V). Lower stable oxidation states exist, attainable by using reducing agents stronger than tin; these may show altered imaging properties.

Carboxylic Acids↗
PubMed1995

Inhibition of mouse-killing behaviour in magnesium-deficient rats: effect of pharmacological doses of magnesium pidolate, magnesium aspartate, magnesium lactate, magnesium gluconate and magnesium chloride.

Magnesium deprivation induced interspecific aggressive behaviour (muricidal behaviour) in rats undoubtedly attributable to magnesium deficiency since magnesium chloride, by correcting magnesium deficiency, suppressed it. Inhibition of magnesium deficiency-induced behaviour by various magnesium salts should enable the classification of the therapeutic effects of these salts. Consequently we compared the effects of various magnesium salts used therapeutically on the inhibition of the acute muricidal behaviour induced by magnesium deficiency. All the magnesium salts used (chloride, pidolate, aspartate, gluconate, lactate) suppressed the muricidal behaviour. There was no significant difference in the duration of the treatment needed to inhibit this comportment for each of the salts studied. In contrast, significant differences appeared, concerning the different phases of muricidal behaviour. Magnesium pidolate significantly increased the attack latency (P < 0.05). By repeating the muricidal assays, we showed that magnesium pidolate treated rats had a muricidal behaviour rate which was lower than that of the other magnesium salt-treated rat groups. Consequently, it can be assumed that all the magnesium salts used had an acute anti-muricidal, perhaps anti-stress, effect and that magnesium pidolate presented, on this experimental model the greatest efficacy.

Aggression↗