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PubMed1994

[Injection sclerotherapy in acute peptic ulcer hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal system].

In the last 7 years the author has used urgent endoscopy together with injection sclerotherapy with 1% Aethoxysklerol at 172 times on 153 acute bleeding peptic ulcers patients. He has successfully ceased the bleeding at 92.9% of the active bleeding patients. Only 11 patients had to be operated on in acute bleeding. Repetitive bleeding occurred at 9.15%, most of them could be overcome by resclerosing. The mortality among the patients treated by injection sclerotherapy was 4.92%, among the operated and partly repetitive bleeding patients 27.2%. The total mortality rate of the 153 patients was 6.5%. In his essay the author discusses the indications and contraindications of the injection sclerotherapy, the marking of correct time limit between the injection sclerotherapy and consideration of operation, the questions of acute bleeding peptic ulcer patients admission to hospital and hospitalizing.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1996

[Gastrointestinal system tumors in Italian emigrants].

In this paper we present the risk of death for stomach, colon, rectum and pancreas cancers in Italian migrants to Canada, Argentina, Australia, France and England and Wales. Estimations of relative risks (RR) in Italian migrants, in residents in Italy and in Southern Italy relative to the local born in the host country are shown. Relative risks in Italian migrants to Australia were analysed also by duration of stay in the host country. The Italian migrants' cancer profile in intermediate between the origin and the host population: a reduction of risk of death for stomach cancer and an increase of risk for colorectal cancers are the main results. The results are discussed taking into account the analysis by duration of residence and the pattern of food prevalent in the different countries considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

General pharmacological profile of the novel cholecystokinin-A antagonist loxiglumide.

The general pharmacological properties of a novel cholecystokinin-A antagonist, loxiglumide ((+/-)-4-(3,4-dichlorobenzamido)-N-(3-methoxypropyl)-N-pentylgl utaramic acid, CR 1505, CAS 107097-80-3) on central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, cardio-respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, hematological and miscellaneous systems were investigated in experimental animals. 1. Central nervous system: At a dose of 30 mg/kg, i.v. loxiglumide showed ptosis in one of 6 mice, but at doses of 3 and 10 mg/kg, i.v. no change on gross behavior in mice. Loxiglumide had no effect on locomotor activity and thiopental-induced hypnosis, anti-convulsive activity, analgesic activity in mice and rectal temperature changes in rats. 2. Autonomic nervous system: In vitro, loxiglumide at concentrations of 10(-4) and 3 x 10(-4) mol/l slightly inhibited agonist-induced contractions in the isolated guinea pig ileum and spontaneous rhythmic contractions in the isolated non-pregnant rat uterus. But loxiglumide had no effect on oxytocin-induced contraction in isolated non-pregnant rat uterus. 3. Cardio-respiratory system: Loxiglumide had no effect on heart rate and electrocardiogram in anesthetized dogs. But it slightly increased blood pressure and decreased the frequency of respirations at a dose of 30 mg/kg, i.v. Furthermore, loxiglumide slightly decreased femoral arterial blood flow at doses of more than 3 mg/kg, i.v. On the other hand, it had no effect on contractile force or contraction rate in the isolated guinea pig atrium and resting tension in the isolated rabbit aorta. 4. Gastrointestinal system: Loxiglumide increased bile secretion at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.v. in anesthetized rats and at doses of 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.v. in anesthetized dogs. However, total bile acid output was not affected by loxiglumide. On the other hand, loxiglumide had no effect on pancreatic secretion, gastric secretion and gastric emptying in rats and intestinal transport activity in mice. 5. Hematology: In vitro, in the case of samples without bovine serum albumin, at concentrations of more than 1.9 x 10(-3) mol/l loxiglumide showed hemolysis, while in the case of samples with bovine serum albumin, at concentrations of more than 6.9 x 10(-3) mol/l loxiglumide showed hemolysis, and its maximal potency was weak compared to albumin-free conditions. On the other hand, in vivo, loxiglumide had no effect on hemolysis. In addition, it had no effect on platelet aggregation, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. 6. Miscellaneous pharmacological actions: Loxiglumide had no effect on local anesthetic activity in guinea pigs and renal function in mice. These results suggest that loxiglumide seems to produce no serious side effects on the central nervous system, autonomic nervous system, cardio-respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, hematological and miscellaneous systems at pharmacologically effective doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Comparative developmental aspects of selected organ systems. II. Gastrointestinal and urogenital systems.

A brief description of the basic patterns of mammalian organogenesis of the gastrointestinal and urogenital systems is presented based on events as they occur in human beings. The emphasis is not on the details of this development, but rather on its organization and timing, with tables of comparative development providing a comparison of similar events in man, rat, mouse, and chick.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

General pharmacology of cis-malonato[4R,5R)-4,5-bis-(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3- dioxolane]platinum(II).

The general pharmacological properties of cis-malonato-[(4R,5R)-4,5- bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1.3-dioxolane]platinum(II) (SKI 2053R, CAS 146665-77-2), a new potential anticancer agent, were investigated in mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats and dogs. Intravenous administration of SKI 2053R had no effect on the central nervous system. SKI 2053R had no effect on the autonomic nervous system and smooth muscles except that it slightly inhibited the spontaneous motility of isolated rabbit ileum at a concentration of 5 x 10(-5) g/ml. SKI 2053R did not adversely affect the respiratory-cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal system, neuromuscular junction, or renal function. SKI 2053R did not significantly alter the levels of serum glucose, serum free fatty acid and plasma lactate, and did not induce hemolysis. SKI 2053R did not affect blood coagulation mechanism and liver function. SKI 2053R did not exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. It was observed that SKI 2053R increased the formation of hemolytic plaque by spleen cells of sensitized mice at high doses (10 mg/kg and 35 mg/kg). Therefore, it is concluded from these general pharmacological studies that SKI 2053R at the doses showing antitumor activity does not induce severe adverse effects on the central nervous, autonomic nervous, respiratory-cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, peripheral nervous, and other systems in experimental animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Surgery and anesthesia for children who have cerebral palsy.

Cerebral palsy is a spectrum of signs and symptoms resulting from an injury to the brain during its developmental stage. Children with cerebral palsy have disorders that impact their anesthetic management. In particular, abnormalities of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, and neuromuscular system must be considered. There is emerging evidence for abnormalities in their neuromuscular junction that potentially increase their anesthetic risk. In addition, there are recent data explaining possible reasons for increased bleeding in these children.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1996

Anorexia during acute and chronic disease.

Anorexia is associated with disorders of all systems. Anorexia represents a consistent clinical manifestation during acute and chronic pathophysiological processes (infection, inflammation, injury, toxins, immunological reactions, malignancy and necrosis). Anorexia during disease can be beneficial or deleterious depending on the timing and duration. Temporary anorexia during acute disease may be beneficial to an organism since a restriction in the intake of micro- and macro-nutrients will inhibit bacterial growth. Long-term anorexia during chronic disease, however, is deleterious to an organism and may be associated with cachexia, which can ultimately result in death. Various mechanisms participate in the anorexia observed during disease, including cytokine action. Anorexia induced by cytokines is proposed to involve modulation of hypothalamic-feeding associated sites, prostaglandin-dependent mechanisms, modifications of neurotransmitter systems, gastrointestinal, metabolic, and endocrine factors. In addition, the anorexia-cachexia syndrome is multifactorial and may involve chronic pain, depression or anxiety, hypogeusia and hyposmia, chronic nausea, early satiety, malfunction of the gastrointestinal system, metabolic alterations, cytokine action, production of other anorexigenic substances and/or iatrogenic causes (chemotherapy, radiotherapy). Cachexia may result not only from anorexia and a decreased caloric intake, but also from malabsorption and losses from the body (ulcers, hemorrhage, effusions), or a change in body metabolism. Research has focused on potential interventions to modify anorexia during disease and the anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Nutritional modifications and the use of specific steroids (such as megestrol acetate) are being tested in the clinical setting. Understanding the specific mechanisms responsible for anorexia during disease as well as their interactions is essential to develop interventions for the control of anorexia (during a critical time in a specific disease), and to devise less toxic immunotherapeutic regimens using cytokines.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Iliac artery aneurysm in Behçet's disease: a case report.

Today, Behcet's disease is known as a multisystem disorder. Eye lesions, mouth and genital aphthous lesions, and skin lesions are accepted as major lesions. The disease also attacks the locomotor system, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system and also arteries and veins. According to available data, some 30% of the patients have vascular lesions; mostly thrombosis of the veins. Arterial thromboses have been rarely reported; and only a few number of arterial aneurysms are noted. Here we present an iliac artery aneurysm in a case of Behcet's disease.

Adult↗