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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Cleaning efficiency of nickel-titanium GT and .04 rotary files when used in a torque-controlled rotary handpiece.

This study determined if the cleaning efficiency of nickel-titanium rotary files in an endodontic electric handpiece using a no-torque control setting was superior to that obtained when using the torque-control feature. Fifty extracted human anterior teeth with straight canals were divided into two groups of 20 and two control groups of 5. Canals were instrumented with GT and .04 ProFile nickel-titanium files until a size 35 advanced to working length. Samples were sectioned and the apical 6 mm of the canal was photographed (x20) and projected onto a 3- x 4-foot grid with squares measuring 0.5 inches each. Total debris was the percentage of the number of squares containing debris versus the total number of squares. The teeth in the torque-controlled group showed an average of 24.99% debris versus 15.55% for the teeth in the no-torque group. The difference was not statistically significant; therefore, no difference can be said to exist between the two torque settings in terms of cleaning efficiency.

Dental Alloys↗
PubMed2004

In vitro comparison of shaping abilities of ProTaper and GT rotary files.

This study analyzed the abilities of ProTaper and GT Rotary files to shape the curved canals of extracted mandibular molars. Twenty mesial canals with curvatures ranging from 23 to 54 degrees (Weine analysis) were radiographically selected from a group of 58 molars. The specimens, divided into two groups, were instrumented using the two systems according to the manufacturer's guidelines. Using a radiographic platform and a contrast medium, reproducible preinstrumentation and postinstrumentation radiographs were taken. A computer analysis allowed magnification and superimposition of the images to measure the preparation asymmetry and the linear amount of dentin removal at five points along the canals and to detect canal aberrations. Instrument failures, working time, and working length changes were recorded. The dentin removal and the mean asymmetry showed no significant differences between the two systems. Neither aberrations nor significant changes in working length resulted, but two instruments separated in each group. Working time was shorter for ProTaper files (p < 0.05).

Dental Instruments↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of apical debris removal using various sizes and tapers of ProFile GT files.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preparation taper using size #20 or size #40 ProFile GT files on the ability to introduce irrigant and remove debris from root canals. Forty-eight bilaterally matched pairs of extracted teeth were instrumented using.04-,.06-,.08-, and.10-tapered files with one tooth of each pair enlarged to size #20 and the other to size #40. The teeth were sectioned at 1 mm and 3 mm from the apex, and the amount of remaining debris was calculated as a percentage of the total lumen area. The following variables were evaluated: apical preparation size, preparation taper, total volume of irrigation, depth of irrigation needle penetration, and number of instrument changes needed to reach working length. Compared with the size #40 preparations, a significantly greater percentage of remaining debris was observed in the size #20 preparations at the 1-mm level for all tapers except the.10 taper group in which there was no significant difference (p = 0.982). There were no significant differences between any groups at 3 mm. Results suggest that debris is more effectively removed using.04,.06, and.08 ProFile GT instruments when the apical preparation size is larger (size #40) compared with size #20 apical preparations. When a taper of.10 can be produced at the apical extent of the canal, there is no difference in debris removal between the two preparations sizes.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Patient followup after radical prostatectomy by Internet medical file.

PURPOSE: The development of the Internet and the need for regular followup of patients often living a long way from the hospital led us to develop a followup dossier for those with localized prostate cancer treated with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This feasibility study was based on 140 patients who agreed to test this system. The website was opened on a server specifically devoted to this project with all required computer security. The website is composed of pages comprising the hospital discharge summary, and operative and histology reports. A quality of life questionnaire based on the assessment of urinary continence and sex life, and a prostate specific antigen (PSA) assay form are also included. RESULTS: The patient is able to enter his PSA data and complete the questionnaire at home. Results are then sent to the treating physician. A contact page allows the patient and physician to exchange information by text. Of these 100 patients 92 connected regularly to the site with a mean connection rate of 8 per patient (range 1 to 22). Of the patients 98% were satisfied with the various sections of the site, 95% were satisfied with the medical file, 11% noticed connection problems and 14% reported technical problems essentially attributable to incorrect PSA data entry or incorrect functioning of videos due to the absence of appropriate software. CONCLUSIONS: This type of Internet medical service for patients who have undergone surgery requiring regular followup appears to be a useful approach for the future by allowing the maintenance of close contact between the patient and physicians, while avoiding problems related to hospital visits regardless of the patient place of residence. It also provides general practitioners with access to the patient file with patient permission.

Feasibility Studies↗
PubMed2002

Steady-state properties of single-file systems with conversion.

We have used Monte Carlo methods and analytical techniques to investigate the influence of the characteristic parameters, such as pipe length, diffusion, adsorption, desorption, and reaction rate constants on the steady-state properties of single-file systems with a reaction. We looked at cases when all the sites are reactive and when only some of them are reactive. Comparisons between mean-field predictions and Monte Carlo simulations for the occupancy profiles and reactivity are made. Substantial differences between mean-field and the simulations are found when rates of diffusion are high. Mean-field results only include single-file behavior by changing the diffusion rate constant, but it effectively allows passing of particles. Reactivity converges to a limit value if more reactive sites are added: sites in the middle of the system have little or no effect on the kinetics. Occupancy profiles show approximately exponential behavior from the ends to the middle of the system.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Molecular traffic control in single-file networks with fast catalysts.

As a model for molecular traffic control we investigate the diffusion of hard core particles in crossed single-file systems. We consider a square lattice of single-files being connected to external reservoirs. The (vertical) alpha channels, carrying only A particles, are connected to reservoirs with constant density rho(A). B particles move along the (horizontal) beta channels, which are connected to reservoirs of density rho(B). We allow the irreversible transition A-->B at intersections. We are interested in the stationary density profile in the alpha and beta channels, which is the distribution of the occupation probabilities over the lattice. We calculate the stationary currents of the system and show that for sufficiently long channels the currents (as a function of the reservoir densities) show in the limit of large transition rates nonanalytic behavior. The results obtained by direct solution of the master equation are verified by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

Single-file transport of water molecules through a carbon nanotube.

Recent molecular dynamics simulations of water transport through the interior channel of a carbon nanotube in contact with an aqueous reservoir showed that conduction occurred in bursts with collective water motion. A continuous-time random-walk model is used to describe concerted transport through channels densely filled with molecules in a single-file arrangement, as also found in zeolites, as well as ion channels and aquaporins in biological membranes. Theoretical predictions for different collective properties of the single-file transport agree with the simulation results.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed2002

New Powder Diffraction File (PDF-4) in relational database format: advantages and data-mining capabilities.

The International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) is responding to the changing needs in powder diffraction and materials analysis by developing the Powder Diffraction File (PDF) in a very flexible relational database (RDB) format. The PDF now contains 136,895 powder diffraction patterns. In this paper, an attempt is made to give an overview of the PDF-4, search/match methods and the advantages of having the PDF-4 in RDB format. Some case studies have been carried out to search for crystallization trends, properties, frequencies of space groups and prototype structures. These studies give a good understanding of the basic structural aspects of classes of compounds present in the database. The present paper also reports data-mining techniques and demonstrates the power of a relational database over the traditional (flat-file) database structures.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2002

The Powder Diffraction File: present and future.

The International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD) produces the Powder Diffraction File (PDF). This paper discusses some of the seminal events in the history of producing this primary reference for powder diffraction. Recent key events that center on collaborative initiatives have led to an enormous jump in entry population for the PDF. Collective efforts to editorialize the PDF are ongoing and provide enormous added value to the file. Recently, the ICDD has created a new series of the PDF, designated PDF-4. These relational database structures are being used to house the PDF of the future. The design and benefits of the PDF-4 are described.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Use of a computer data file for storage of heat resistance data on bacterial spores.

The use of a computer data file to compile published heat resistance data on bacterial spores is described. Information relating to sporulation, heating and recovery of the spores, in addition to decimal reduction times at different temperatures has been stored. The data file was constructed using Minitab and an indexer program on a VAX 11/750 computer operating on VMS. Storage of the data in this way enables rapid manipulation and analysis of large quantities of information relating to heat resistance of bacterial spores.

Clostridium↗
PubMed1977

The Protein Data Bank. A computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures.

The Protein Data Bank is a computer-based archival file for macromolecular structures. The Bank stores in a uniform format atomic co-ordinates and partial bond connectivities, as derived from crystallographic studies. Text included in each data entry gives pertinent information for the structure at hand (e.g. species from which the molecule has been obtained, resolution of diffraction data, literature citations and specifications of secondary structure). In addition to atomic co-ordinates and connectivities, the Protein Data Bank stores structure factors and phases, although these latter data are not placed in any uniform format. Input of data to the Bank and general maintenance functions are carried out at Brookhaven National Laboratory. All data stored in the Bank are available on magnetic tape for public distribution, from Brookhaven (to laboratories in the Americas), Tokyo (Japan), and Cambridge (Europe and worldwide). A master file is maintained at Brookhaven and duplicate copies are stored in Cambridge and Tokyo. In the future, it is hoped to expand the scope of the Protein Data Bank to make available co-ordinates for standard structural types (e.g. alpha-helix, RNA double-stranded helix) and representative computer programs of utility in the study and interpretation of macromolecular structures.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

Non-selective conductance in calcium channels of frog muscle: calcium selectivity in a single-file pore.

Voltage-clamp studies were carried out to compare currents through Ca2+ channels (ICa) with Na+ currents (Ins) through a non-selective cation conductance blocked by micromolar concentrations of external Ca2+. The gating of both currents was found to have similar time and voltage dependence. The amplitudes of ICa and Ins varied widely, but Ins was always large in fibres with large ICa, and small in fibres with small ICa. Both ICa and Ins were blocked by the specific Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine, with half-blockage concentrations that were virtually identical (KD = 0.9 microM for ICa and 0.7 microM for Ins). ICa and Ins were also equally sensitive to block by diltiazem (KD = 80 microM). These parallels between Ins and ICa are most easily explained if Ins flows through Ca2+ channels. Apparently, Ca2+ channels bear high-affinity Ca2+-binding sites, and are highly permeable to monovalent cations when Ca2+ is absent. Ba2+ currents (IBa) and ICa were measured in external solutions containing mixtures of Ba2+ and Ca2+. IBa is blocked by Ca2+, as is Ins. Adding Ba2+ to Ca2+ produces only small or no increases in current, as if Ba2+ is only sparingly permeant when Ca2+ is present. Membrane currents in Ba2+/Ca2+ mixtures show anomalous mole-fraction behaviour, suggesting that Ca2+ channels are single-file, multi-ion pores. Complex current transients are observed under maintained depolarizations in Na+/Ca2+ and Ba2+/Ca2+ mixtures. They suggest that in ion mixtures, Ca2+ channels transport Ca2+ in preference to Na+ and Ba2+. Hence Ca2+ channels are selective for Ca2+, even though current amplitudes suggest that the Na+ or Ba2+ permeabilities in the absence of Ca2+ are as high as, or higher than, the Ca2+ permeability. We conclude that the selective permeability of Ca2+ channels depends on the presence of Ca2+. In model calculations, our observations are explained as a consequence of Ca2+ channels being single-file pores. It is proposed that Ca2+ channels derive much of their ion selectivity from high-affinity Ca2+ binding sites located in an otherwise unselective aqueous pore.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1996

NMR Studies of Single-File Diffusion in Unidimensional Channel Zeolites

Single-file diffusion is the restricted propagation of particles that cannot pass each other. The occurrence of this phenomenon should be reflected by a change in the time dependence of the mean particle displacement in comparison with ordinary diffusion. Although this process is considered to be the rate-controlling mechanism in a large variety of processes, so far no direct evidence of this phenomenon has been provided. Diffusion measurements made with pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in unidimensional pore systems (zeolites AlPO4-5 and Theta-1) reflect the expected time dependence of single-file diffusion.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Single-file diffusion of colloids in one-dimensional channels

Single-file diffusion, prevalent in many processes, refers to the restricted motion of interacting particles in narrow micropores with the mutual passage excluded. A single-filing system was developed by confining colloidal spheres in one-dimensional circular channels of micrometer scale. Optical video microscopy study shows evidence that the particle self-diffusion is non-Fickian for long periods of time. In particular, the distribution of particle displacement is a Gaussian function.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Maintenance and use of cumulative haematology files on a laboratory computer.

A system is described for the maintenance of cumulative haematology records for selected patients using a laboratory minicomputer with limited storage capacity. Records are indexed by the patient's name and location since, as in the majority of hospital laboratories, there is no unique numbering scheme which covers all patients. The computer system imitates the procedures of manual filing, listing uncertain record matches for human decision. Applications include the production of a regularly updated printing of of cumulative files, the preparation of graphs from cumulative blood count records, and the provision of a summary and follow-up service for general practitioners.

Computers↗
PubMed1993

On the influence of data source in aggregated data studies: a comparative study of suicide information based on death certificates and judicial files.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the differences in suicide data obtained from different database sources. DESIGN: Death certificate based data on suicidal deaths were compared with the information obtained from the non-natural death investigation files at the Public Prosecutor's Office. SETTING: The study was confined to the time period of 1981-1984 and to the residents of the district of Leuven (Belgium) who died in the district. MAIN RESULTS: Differences were found in the number of suicidal deaths reported as well as in the demographic variables, the distribution of suicide methods, and the place of death. Sixty percent of the records in both databases could be matched for all variables studied (age, gender, civil state, place of death, and suicide method), and another 10% if only place of death was allowed to differ. For 4.5% of the cases in the judicial files and for 8% of the records in the official statistics database no corresponding record from the other data source could be found. Based on simple probability statistics [P(missing record)+P(different information[present)] the possible minimum global information bias could be estimated to range from 7 to 42%. CONCLUSIONS: Different epidemiological pictures of suicide mortality may result from studying different data sources.

Belgium↗
PubMed1995

Developing a quality improvement database using health insurance data: a guided tour with application to Medicare's National Claims History file.

Health policy researchers are increasingly turning to insurance claims to provide timely information on cost, utilization, and quality trends in health care markets. This research offers an in-depth description of how to systematically transform raw inpatient and ambulatory claims data into useful information for health care management and research using the Health Care Financing Administration's National Claims History file as an example. The topics covered include: (a) understanding the contents and architecture of claims data, (b) creating analytic files from raw claims, (c) technical innovations for health policy studies, (d) assessing data accuracy, (d) the costs of using claims data, and (e) ensuring confidentiality. In summary, claims data are found to have great potential for quality of care analysis. As in any analysis, careful development of a database is required for scientific research. The methods outlined in this study offer health data novices as well as experienced analysts a series of strategies to maximize the value of claims data for health policy analysis.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The librarian as consultant and educator for personal file management software.

Librarians are encouraged to extend their information managing skills to include familiarity with personal file management software. Knowledge of automated solutions to overgrown manual reprint files can be valuable to the institution that a librarian serves. The capabilities of REFERENCE MANAGER, PRO-CITE, ASKSAM, and SCI-MATE are compared in a series of classes given for faculty and staff by the Medical College of Wisconsin Libraries reference staff.

Consultants↗