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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Ticks and fleas of shrews in Appalachian Georgia and North Carolina.

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) were recovered from 8 smoky shrews, Sorex fumeus Miller, and 9 northern short-tailed shrews, Blarina brevicauda (Say), trapped at elevations of 720-1,310 m in Macon and Jackson counties in western North Carolina and Union County in northern Georgia from April 1994 to August 1995. The ticks Ixodes angustus Neumann and Ixodes woodi Bishopp, and the flea Corrodopsylla curvata (Rothschild), were recovered from smoky shrews. The same 2 tick species, in addition to the fleas, Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes Baker and Doratopsylla blarinae Fox, were recovered from northern short-tailed shrews. New state records for I. angustus from Georgia and I. woodi from North Carolina are established.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Parasitic fleas in dogs from two Warsaw shelters, urban and suburban].

Dog's ectoparasites were collected from 3 different parts of the body (back of the ears, environs of the loins, and beginning of the tail) during seven months (1993/1994). Material originated from two dog's shelters: Paluch in Warsaw and Celestynów near Warsaw. All 50 inspected dogs had the fleas Ctenocephalides canis (CURTIS, 1826). 63% of fleas occupy back of the body, 31% the tail and 6% the ears. Number of the females was higher than males. The highest number of fleas was stated in November 1993 and April 1994.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The species composition of fleas (Siphonaptera) from northwestern Russia].

The check-list of fleas of the northwest of Russia, includes 56 species. Among them, 40 species have been actually recorded in the region in question, while the occurrence of rest 16 species is suggested according to their distribution in adjacent areas. The fleas of the northwest Russia belong to 7 families. All flea species of the region in question including recorded and suggested species are distributed among these families as follows: Pulicidae--5 species, Vermipsillidae--3, Ceratophyllidae--23, Leptopsyllidae--5, Ctenophthalmidae--11, Hystrichopsillidae--1, Ischnopsillidae--8.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Asymmetry of the chaetae in fleas (Citellophilus tesquorum) as a possible marker of their capacity for blocking].

The fluctuating asymmetry was studied according to two bilateral numeric features of chaetaxy in groups of female Citellophilus tesquorum fleas. One group included insects with the recorded gizzard block during infection with the virulent plague agent strain. The fleas with the block were characterized by considerably higher levels of fluctuating asymmetry as compared with those without fleas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Test results on the insecticidal activity of Oradelt and Omait against rodent fleas].

The paper presents the results of trials of the commercial agents oraldelt and omaita as an insecticide against rodent fleas. The agents were found to produce highly toxic effects on fleas. The field trials established the high poolecidal effectivity of oraldelt in the mountain suslik habitats. The commercial agent oraldelt containing 0.05% of decamethrin may be recommended for the control of fleas in the foci of suslik-type plague.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Development of quantitative real-time PCR assays to detect Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis, the causative agents of murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever.

Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis are the etiologic agents of murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever, respectively. We have constructed two quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to detect these pathogenic rickettsiae. The qPCR assays were developed utilizing unique sequences of the R. typhi and R. felis outer membrane protein B genes (ompB) to design the specific primers and molecular beacon probes. The assays were found to be species-specific and did not yield false-positive reactions with nucleic acid from other rickettsiae, orientiae, neorickettsiae or unrelated bacteria. In addition, the assays were sensitive enough to detect three target sequence copies per reaction and were capable of detecting R. typhi and R. felis nucleic acid in the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis. These results demonstrate that two sensitive and specific qPCR assays have been successfully developed to detect and enumerate R. typhi and R. felis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The phylogenetic relationships of "predatory water-fleas" (Cladocera: Onychopoda, Haplopoda) inferred from 12S rDNA.

Within the Cladocera, the water-fleas, four major taxa can be distinguished: Anomopoda, Ctenopoda, Haplopoda, and Onychopoda. Haplopoda and Onychopoda are called "predatory water-fleas." The Haplopoda is monotypic; its only representative, Leptodora kindtii, is common in palearctic and nearctic freshwater bodies. The Onychopoda show a remarkable geographic distribution. Most of the described species are restricted to the Caspian Sea, the Aral Sea, and peripheral areas of the Black Sea, including the Sea of Azov--all remnants of the Eastern Paratethys. The remaining onychopods are either freshwater inhabitants or marine animals, widespread in the world oceans. We present molecular evidence for a sister group relationship between Haplopoda and Onychopoda within the Cladocera. The Onychopoda and its three families are monophyletic. We suggest an independent invasion into the Ponto-Caspian basin at least three times, twice originating in the palearctic freshwater bodies and once starting from the world oceans.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Mites, lice and fleas. Ectoparasitoses in infancy and childhood].

Ectoparasitoses or epizoonoses are skin disorders caused by animal parasites living on the body surface. Worldwide they are among the most frequent dermatoses, particularly in infancy and childhood. Distinguishing between conditions caused by permanent and temporary ectoparasites is important for the course and the required therapy. Permanent ectoparasites, such as scabies mite and head louse, spend all their life in or on the skin and have to be killed on the patient with suitable acaricides or pediculicides. In contrast, temporary ectoparasites, as animal mites or fleas, attack humans only for feeding. Symptomatic topical therapy is usually sufficient, eventually in combination with decontamination measures in the environment. This article summarizes skin conditions caused by mites, lice and fleas with special emphasis on distinctive features in children.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Detection of a gypsy-like sequence in the genome of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché 1835).

The gypsy virus of Drosophila melanogaster is the first identified retrovirus of insects. Its infectious properties have been reported, and it is able to cause diverse mutations of the phenotype in the fruit fly. As a typical endogenous retrovirus, it is transmitted vertically as part of the host genome, but horizontal transmission has also been shown for the D. melanogaster gypsy virus. Using polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers designed from the gypsy element of Drosophila subobscura, a gypsy-like sequence was amplified from the genome of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis in a pool of laboratory and field strains. High identities with other gypsy-like sequences of Drosophila spp. can be detected. In contrast to some of these gypsy sequences, the 410-bp fragment of C. felis possesses two deletions, which are localised in the env gene region. Because of these deletions and the lack of virus particles in C. felis, the criteria for host infectivity are not fulfilled. Nevertheless, the general detection of a gypsy-like sequence in C. felis and the capability of the ectoparasite to act as transmitter of viral diseases can be of importance for the cat flea's position in the epidemiology of diseases, which are accompanied by a higher rate of mutation.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Male-produced aggregation pheromone compounds from the eggplant flea beetle (Epitrix fuscula): identification, synthesis, and field biossays.

Volatiles from the eggplant flea beetle, Epitrix fuscula Crotch (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), feeding on host foliage, were investigated. Six male-specific compounds were detected and were identified through the use of mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, chiral and achiral gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, electrophysiology (gas chromatography-electroantennography, GC-EAD), and microchemical tests. The two most abundant of the six compounds were (2E,4E,6Z)-2,4,6-nonatrienal (1) and (2E,4E,6E)-2,4,6-nonatrienal (2). The other four compounds, present in minor amounts, were identified as himachalene sesquiterpenes; two of these, 3 and 4, were hydrocarbons and two, 5 and 6, were alcohols. All four sesquiterpenes were previously encountered from male flea beetles of Aphthona spp. and Phyllotreta cruciferae. Synthetic 1 and 2 matched the natural products by GC retention times, mass spectra, and NMR spectra. Sesquiterpenes 3-6 similarly matched synthetic standards and natural samples from the previously studied species in all ways, including chirality. Both natural and synthetic 1 and 2 gave positive GC-EAD responses, as did sesquiterpenes 3, 5, and 6. Field trials were conducted with a mixture of 1 and 2, and the baited traps were significantly more attractive than control traps to both male and female E. fuscula. The E. fuscula pheromone has potential for monitoring or controlling these pests in eggplants.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Arthropod ribosomes. Integrity of ribosomal ribonucleic acids from aphids and water fleas.

The 28 S aphid rRNA differs from those of the other insects in two points: (1) it lacks the primary nick; (2) it is larger by 0.2 - 106 daltons. The 28 S rRNA from water fleas also, like that from crayfish, is larger than those from comon insects by 0.2 - 106 daltons. These crustacean 28-S rRNAs were shown to contain the primary nick, which is probably not located in the central point. The 18-S rRNAs from aphids and water fleas had molecular weights significantly larger than 0.7 - 106, the common vaalue for the eukaryotic 18 S rRNA. It was was suggested that the 3'-terminal base sequences of these RNAs are different from the common sequences of these RNAs are different from the common sequence proposed for the 18 S rRNAA of eukaryotes. These exceptional characteristics of the rRNAs from the parthenogenetic animals may provide a probe for general functions of the rRNA in the eukaryotic ribosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The water flea (Daphnia magna) as a sensitive indicator for the assessment of toxicity of synthetic detergents.

The water flea (Daphnia magna) was used as a sensitive indicator for assessing the toxicity due to synthetic detergents. Acute and chronic toxicity of detergents to the water flea was studied under laboratory conditions by following the median tolerance limit (TLM) at 48 hr and the rate of survival. A significant decrease in the rate of reproduction (number of hatching and neonates produced) were found at 21 days. During acute toxicity studies behavioural changes were also noticed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The role of basophils in the immunopathogenesis of hypersensitivity to fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) in dogs.

Biopsies taken of skin test sites from 10 dogs allergic to fleas were fixed in Karnovsky's fixative and embedded in methacrylate. One micron sections were stained with acid Giemsa for identification of basophils. This cell was identified in most biopsies taken at intervals from 1 hour to 48 hours post-injection. The proportion was highest between 4 hours and 18 hours and had substantially fallen by 48 hours. The highest number of basophils recorded as a percentage of the inflammatory infiltrate was 22.1%, with biopsies from 7 of the 10 dogs showing in excess of 10% basophils at some point. The results suggest that cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity may play an immunopathogenic role in flea-bite hypersensitivity in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Mortality in calves, lambs and kids caused by severe infestation with the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché, 1835) in Israel.

Heavy infestation of calves, lambs and kids with the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché, 1835), accompanied by severe anaemia and mortality, is described. Lambs and kids were affected more severely than calves. Flea infestation was more widespread in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. The clinical findings are discussed in the light of the pertinent literature.

Anemia↗
PubMed1993

Cloning and sequence analysis of the alpha subunit of the cat flea sodium pump.

We have cloned a cDNA that encodes the sodium pump alpha-subunit of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis. The deduced amino acid sequence of 1037 residues is 90% homologous with the Drosophila alpha-subunit sequence and shows 75% similarity to the sheep kidney alpha-subunit. One characteristic unique to the insect polypeptides is an extended sequence at the N-terminus. Northern blot analysis of C. felis RNA detects two alpha-subunit transcripts with lengths of 3.8 and 4.4 kb. Sodium pump alpha-subunit sequences were readily detected in homogenates of flea midguts and in cDNA synthesized from midgut RNA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

Identification and characterisation of the dopamine receptor II from the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (CfDopRII).

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a protein family with a wide range of functions. Approximately 30% of human drug targets are GPCRs, illustrating their pharmaceutical relevance. In contrast, the knowledge about invertebrate GPCRs is limited and is mainly restricted to model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Especially in ectoparasites like ticks and fleas, only few GPCRs are characterised. From the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis, a relevant parasite of cats and dogs, no GPCRs are known so far. Thus, we performed a bioinformatic analysis of available insect GPCR sequences from the honeybee Apis mellifera, the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and genomic sequences from insect species. Aim of this analysis was the identification of highly conserved GPCRs in order to clone orthologs of these candidates from Ctenocephalides felis. It was found that the dopamine receptor family revealed highest conservation levels and thus was chosen for further characterisation. In this work, the identification, full-length cloning and functional expression of the first GPCR from Ctenocephalides felis, the dopamine receptor II (CfDopRII), are described.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2004

The Eyam plague revisited: did the village isolation change transmission from fleas to pulmonary?

Back in the 17th century the Derbyshire village of Eyam fell victim to the Black Death, which is thought to have arrived from London in some old clothes brought by a travelling tailor. The village population was 350 at the commencement of plague, of which only 83 survived. Led by the church leaders, the village community realized that the whole surrounding region was at risk from the epidemic, and therefore decided to seal themselves off from the other surrounding villages. In the first 275 days of the outbreak, transmission was predominantly from infected fleas to susceptible humans. From then onward, mortality sharply increased, which indicates a changing in transmission pattern. We hypothesize that the confinement facilitated the spread of the infection by increasing the contact rate through direct transmission among humans. This would be more consistent with pulmonary plague, a deadlier form of the disease. In order to test the above hypothesis we designed a mathematical model for plague dynamics, incorporating both the indirect (fleas-rats-humans) and direct (human-to-human) transmissions of the infection. Our results show remarkable agreement between data and the model, lending support to our hypotheses. The Eyam plague episode is celebrated as a remarkable act of collective self-sacrifice. However, to the best of our knowledge, there were no evidence before that the confinement actually increased the burden payed by the commoners. In the light of our results, it can be said that the hypothesis that confinement facilitated the spread of the infection by increasing the contact rate through direct transmission is plausible.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Imidacloprid/moxidectin topical solution for the prevention of heartworm disease and the treatment and control of flea and intestinal nematodes of cats.

Sixteen controlled laboratory studies, involving 420 kittens and cats, were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topically applied formulations of imidacloprid and moxidectin for the prevention of feline heartworm disease, treatment of flea infestations and treatment and control of intestinal nematodes. Unit-dose applicators and the dosing schedule used in these studies were designed to provide a minimum of 10mg imidacloprid and 1mg moxidectin/kg. Treatments were applied topically by parting the hair at the base of the skull and applying the solution on the skin. Imidacloprid treatment alone did not display activity against Dirofilaria immitis or intestinal nematodes and moxidectin treatment alone provided little or no activity against adult Ctenocephalides felis infestations. The formulation containing 10% imidacloprid and 1% moxidectin was 100% efficacious against the development of adult D. immitis infections when cats were treated 30 days after inoculation with third-stage larvae. A single treatment with this formulation also provided 88.4-100% control of adult C. felis for 35 days. Imidacloprid/moxidectin was 100% efficacious against adult Toxocara cati and 91.0-98.3% efficacious against immature adults and fourth-stage T. cati larvae. The formulation provided 98.8-100% efficacy against adult Ancylostoma and immature adults and third-stage A. tubaeforme larvae. Monthly topical application with 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin is convenient, efficacious and safe for the prevention of feline heartworm disease, treatment of flea infestation and for the treatment and control of intestinal nematode infections of cats.

Administration, Topical↗