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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Observational data collection using computer and manual methods: which informs best?

Computer and manual systems were used simultaneously to record observations of nursing home residents with dementia during a study designed to improve their dressing performance. This article differentiates the overlapping and unique features of the two data collection systems and discusses the clinical and research utility of each system. Although the computer system was more suited to clinical research and the manual system to clinical practice, when used in tandem each system provided data about the residents' performance that could be used for both clinical research and clinical practice, and complemented or expanded upon data generated by the other system.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

Systematic medical data collection of intentional injuries during armed conflicts: a pilot study conducted in West Bank, Palestine.

AIMS: A study was undertaken on implementing medical data collection as a tool to assess the relative number and character of intentional injuries before and during an armed conflict. METHODS: Data on hospital contacts due to intentional injury were collected retrospectively at two hospitals in West Bank, Palestine, and classified by ICD10 and the new International Classification of External Causes of Injuries (ICECI). A three-month period prior to the current Intifada, June-August 2000 and two three-month periods of the Intifada, September-December 2000 and June-August 2001 were chosen. RESULTS: The number of contacts increased from 23 in the period prior to the Intifada to 740 during the first and 199 during the second period of the Intifada. During the period before the Intifada the victims were men, and no one was younger than 10 years. During the Intifada 9% were women, 3% below 10 years, and 9% aged 10-14 years. Prior to the Intifada all injuries were caused by blunt force. During the Intifada 65% of the injuries were caused by firearms or explosives, 19% by beating and 6% by gaseous substances. Among children most lesions were localized to the head, including eye and brain damage, and were mostly caused by firearms. CONCLUSIONS: Injury registration by ICD10 combined with ICECI codes facilitates analyses of correlations between characteristics of armed conflicts and injuries. Medical data collection is an important instrument in documentation of the effects of weapons and in surveillance of violations of humanitarian law, particularly as to the worrying magnitude of young children being seriously victimized.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The weekly return as a practical instrument for data collection in office based research.

This report describes the advantages and limitations of one approach to concurrent data collection required for investigations of primary care in one or more practices even when those practices are separated by large distances. The weekly return provides useful data and is a practical means of data retrieval well-accepted by clinicians.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of velocity-log data collected using impeller and electromagnetic flowmeters.

Previous studies have used flowmeters in environments that are within the expectations of their published ranges. Electromagnetic flowmeters have a published range from 0.1 to 79.0 m/min, and impeller flowmeters have a published range from 1.2 to 61.0 m/min. Velocity-log data collected in five long-screened production wells in the Pleasant Valley area of southern California showed that (1) electromagnetic flowmeter results were comparable within +/-2% to results obtained using an impeller flowmeter for comparable depths; (2) the measured velocities from the electromagnetic flowmeter were up to 36% greater than the published maximum range; and (3) both data sets, collected without the use of centralizers or flow diverters, produced comparable and interpretable results. Although either method is acceptable for measuring wellbore velocities and the distribution of flow, the electromagnetic flowmeter enables collection of data over a now greater range of flows. In addition, changes in fluid temperature and fluid resistivity, collected as part of the electromagnetic flowmeter log, are useful in the identification of flow and hydrogeologic interpretation.

Electromagnetic Phenomena↗
PubMed1995

Format-independent data collection forms.

Good form design is generally acknowledged to be a key element of clinical trials and follow-up studies. Although some data are collected directly from automated equipment, most measurements, examination findings, and interview responses require at least one manual transcription, either onto paper forms or directly into a computer. Regardless of the transcription method adopted, there is broad agreement that the quality of study data depends strongly on the format and layout of the data collection instruments. The task of form design and production is complicated by two facts: first, a series of different forms is needed even when the period of follow-up is short; and second, form design is an ongoing process that starts before the first person is enrolled and continues over the course of the trial. This paper (1) presents a concept (format independence) aimed at simplifying the design and revision of data collection forms; (2) explains how a feature (styles) present in most word processing software can be used to implement the concept; (3) discusses the advantages and disadvantages of a format-independent approach as compared to more traditional form development tools; and (4) describes the environment that prompted this approach to form development.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Development of a data collecting tool to explore the consuming patterns of Chinese and Western medicines in Hong Kong.

Chinese and Western medicines are both consumed by citizens in Hong Kong. Safe medication practice, however, whether or not it is conducted by Hong Kong citizens, remains unknown. A data collecting tool was developed to explore the consuming patterns of medicines adopted by Hong Kong citizens. It is hoped that by using this tool, baseline information about the ways in which Hong Kong citizens consume their medicines can be explored. It is also hoped that the information will contribute to the educational planning of community-based safe medication practice. The objectives of this paper were thus to report the development of this data collecting tool and to discuss the use of the tool for the promotion of community-based safe medication practice.

Drug Therapy↗
PubMed2004

"A bit more truthful": the validity of adolescent sexual behaviour data collected in rural northern Tanzania using five methods.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of sexual behaviour data collected from African adolescents using five methods. METHODS: 9280 Tanzanian adolescents participated in a biological marker and face to face questionnaire survey and 6079 in an assisted self-completion questionnaire survey; 74 participated in in-depth interviews and 56 person weeks of participant observation were conducted. RESULTS: 38% of males and 59% of females reporting sexual activity did so in only one of the two 1998 questionnaires. Only 58% of males and 29% of females with biological markers consistently reported sexual activity in both questionnaires. Nine of 11 (82%) in-depth interview respondents who had had biological markers provided an invalid series of responses about sex in the survey and in-depth interview series. Only one of six female in-depth interview respondents with an STI reported sex in any of the four surveys, but five reported it in the in-depth interviews. CONCLUSION: In this low prevalence population, biological markers on their own revealed that a few adolescents had had sex, but in combination with in-depth interviews they may be useful in identifying risk factors for STIs. Self-reported sexual behaviour data were fraught with inconsistencies. In-depth interviews seem to be more effective than assisted self-completion questionnaires and face to face questionnaires in promoting honest responses among females with STIs. Participant observation was the most useful method for understanding the nature, complexity, and extent of sexual behaviour.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

An IBM-PC based data collection system for recording rodent sexual behavior and for general event recording.

A microcomputer (IBM-PC) based data collection system for the acquisition and analysis of male rodent copulatory behavior and its reflexive components has been developed. This software features ease of data entry, flexibility across experimental protocols, and built-in tutorials. The program for the recording and analysis of sexual reflexes of the male is readily adapted for recording other behavior patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Assessing exposures in the United Kingdom's Armed Forces--a review of systems that collect data useful for exposure assessment.

The ability to assess the exposure of individuals or groups is a critical element in any effective health surveillance system, as it provides the opportunity to identify the causes of ill health, the levels of exposure resulting in ill health and, through controlling exposures, to protect the health of Service personnel. As part of a wider programme to enhance the health surveillance capabilities of the Defence Medical Services, a project was undertaken to assess the collection and retention of data for exposure assessment in the United Kingdom's Armed Forces. The systems investigated include those for health, safety and environment policy, personnel and pay, medical records, environmental and occupational monitoring and historical records. It was found that the use of many systems for exposure assessment would be hampered by inconsistencies in the data collected, poor accessibility and linkage, and variability in the retention of the data. This paper highlights some of the problems that limit the usefulness of the record systems for exposure assessment and summarizes the principal recommendations made for enhancing the systems to better facilitate health surveillance.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2007

Estimation of exposure to food packaging materials. 3: Development of consumption factors and food-type distribution factors from data collected on Irish children.

There are many initiatives in Europe trying to refine the exposure assessment for food packaging migrants. In the USA, the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) uses food consumption and food-type distribution factors to aid the exposure assessment process and generate more realistic estimates of exposure. The present study developed food-consumption factors and food-type distribution factors for Irish children aged 5-12 years from data collected as part of a National Children's Food Survey (NCFS) completed in Ireland in 2003-04, combined with data from the 2003-05 Irish Food Packaging Database and from literature data on surface area-to-weight ratios for food packaging. Consumption factors are defined as the fraction of a person's diet likely to contact a specific food-contact material, while food-type distribution factors reflect the fraction of all food contacting each material that is aqueous, acidic, alcoholic or fatty. In this study, it was found that 'total plastics' had the highest consumption factor of 0.83, while 'total paper and board' had a factor of 0.13 and 'total metal and alloys' had a factor of 0.06. Although it is tentative to compare the US FDA factors with the factors derived in the current study, as the US FDA data are for the total US population, the consumption factor for 'total plastics' in the present study (0.83) was similar to that used by the US FDA (0.79). However, a large difference existed for the consumption factor for 'total metal and alloys' in the Irish data (0.06) and the US FDA data (0.2). In terms of the type of materials used for foods, glass was used mainly for acidic foods (0.67), while plastic was uniformly used for all food types. The food-contact area for plastic packaging for all foods consumed by children was 10.67 dm2/child day(-1), which is slightly lower than the proposed value for the average European consumer of 12.4 dm2/person day(-1). However, this should be expected, as children do not consume as much food as adults. When scenario exposure estimates were made, it was found that when using European Union assumptions, estimates were much larger than when using consumption factors and food-type distribution factors in the exposure assessment, even when conservative assumptions were employed for the consumption factor. This study highlights the potential use of consumption factors and food-type distribution factors in the refinement of the exposure assessment process and how these factors can be calculated using data collected as part of a national food survey.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Quality assurance for screening mammography data collection systems in 22 countries.

OBJECTIVES: To document the mammography data that are gathered by the organized screening programs participating in the International Breast Cancer Screening Network (IBSN), the nature of their procedures for data quality assurance, and the measures used to assess program performance and impact. METHODS: A detailed questionnaire covering multiple aspects of quality assurance in screening mammography was mailed to IBSN representatives in 23 countries. RESULTS: Countries collect a wealth of screening mammography data, much of it computerized. Most countries have designated staff for data quality assurance. All provide staff training, and most have documentation requirements for data collection. Nearly all have one or more procedures to maintain data confidentiality. Countries are heterogeneous in collecting and assessing data to monitor screening program performance and impact. CONCLUSIONS: Demonstrating that population-based screening mammography reduces breast cancer mortality requires collection of high-quality data on key aspects of the multi-step screening process. Assuring the quality of data collection systems for screening mammography programs is an important and evolving area for IBSN countries.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Time needed for data collection in clinical studies on fixed prosthodontics.

PURPOSE: Realistic appraisals of time and costs are crucial for research grants and financing of clinical studies by sponsors, but little is known about the time actually needed for clinical data collection in dental studies. This survey evaluated the net time of patient contact necessary for collection and documentation of clinical data to establish an empirical base for more efficient study management and budgeting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The time needed for the clinical examination of 41 prosthodontic patients in systematic follow-up was recorded. Examination covered dental status, oral hygiene status, and quality assessment of restorations by modified CDA criteria. Completion of the case report forms, data check, and provisions for data retrieval were also included. The recorded times were analyzed to obtain empirical estimates of the time actually needed for specific examination blocks and to detect potential variables of influence. RESULTS: Predominant time records were 5 to 10 minutes for dental status (according to status complexity) or hygiene. The time needed for CDA ranking showed a linear correlation to the number of units, approximately 1 minute each. Documentation times were similar to the total contact times of all examination blocks, between 15 and 30 minutes per patient. CONCLUSION: The overall time for collection and documentation of retrievable data is considerable (about 30 minutes, up to 1 hour). The data provide an empirical base for sound managing and budgeting of follow-up periods in clinical investigations, which is of major importance for the quality of clinical data, and thus for the success and value of clinical investigations.

Crowns↗
PubMed1994

Five viral peptide-HLA-A2 co-crystals. Simultaneous space group determination and X-ray data collection.

We prepared and crystallized five complexes of the human histocompatibility molecule HLA-A2 with peptides derived from human immunodeficiency virus type 1, human T lymphotropic virus type 1, influenza A virus and hepatitis B virus proteins. Each HLA-A2 complex was refolded in vitro from insoluble proteins produced in bacteria; to crystallize, two of the complexes required seeding with microcrystals of another complex. Maintained at -160 degrees C, single co-crystals of each of the five peptide-HLA-A2 complexes yielded complete X-ray diffraction data sets to a resolution of approximately 2.5 A. After a sufficient number of diffraction peaks were acquired during data collection, the direct analysis of integrated intensities established the point group of the co-crystal, thus allowing an efficient data collection strategy to be designed. The subsequent examination of systematic absences revealed that the five peptide-HLA-A2 co-crystals formed in space groups P1, P2(1), or P2(1)2(1)2(1). Molecular replacement structure solutions yielded unambiguous protein electron density maps, thus confirming the space group determinations. The system of obtaining HLA-A2 co-crystal structures described here is applicable to other crystallographic problems where structures of several related molecules from uncharacterized single crystals are required.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

The 1996 National Pilot Data Collection Project of the Association of Schools of Allied Health Professions.

In summary, it is evident that there is a great need for the collection of much more definitive data. I believe these data are essential to those in decision making positions and ASAHP would be an appropriate organization to collect and disseminate these data. I would urge you all, when you receive a survey from ASAHP asking for manpower related data, to be certain that the survey is completed, is accurate, and is returned. We will try to insure that the instructions are clear and precise. Perhaps we need to make our data collections state specific. We certainly need to include information regarding the level of managed care in each institution's area so that we can begin to examine the effects of managed care on the placement of our graduates. I also believe it is important to identify trends in employment because this makes possible rational decisions about program size and discontinuation and also insure the provision of programs that will benefit our graduates and the communities we serve. Although data from this survey were not presented in this article, the author would like to express her profound gratitude to Ms. Soon Merz, Director of Institutional Research and Planning and Ms. Amy Rhoads, Associate Director of Institutional Research and Planning at Kansas University Medical Center for their considerable work in analyzing and summarizing the data.

Allied Health Occupations↗
PubMed1998

Stationary crystal diffraction with a monochromatic convergent X-ray source and application for macromolecular crystal data collection.

A diffraction geometry utilizing convergent X-rays from a polycapillary optic incident on a stationary crystal is described. A mathematical simulation of the resulting diffraction pattern (in terms of spot shape, position and intensity) is presented along with preliminary experimental results recorded from a lysozyme crystal. The effective source coverage factor is introduced to bring the reflection intensities onto the same scale. The feasibility of its application to macromolecular crystal data collection is discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

Combining qualitative and quantitative sampling, data collection, and analysis techniques in mixed-method studies.

Researchers have increasingly turned to mixed-method techniques to expand the scope and improve the analytic power of their studies. Yet there is still relatively little direction on and much confusion about how to combine qualitative and quantitative techniques. These techniques are neither paradigm- nor method-linked; researchers' orientations to inquiry and their methodological commitments will influence how they use them. Examples of sampling combinations include criterion sampling from instrument scores, random purposeful sampling, and stratified purposeful sampling. Examples of data collection combinations include the use of instruments for fuller qualitative description, for validation, as guides for purposeful sampling, and as elicitation devices in interviews. Examples of data analysis combinations include interpretively linking qualitative and quantitative data sets and the transformation processes of qualitizing and quantitizing.

Data Collection↗