Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Dapsone”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Antimicrobial activities of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, used singly or in combination with dapsone, against Mycobacterium ulcerans.

Development of new treatments against Mycobacterium ulcerans infection has become crucial because of its wide-scale prevalence throughout the world. The effects of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, used either singly or in combination with dapsone against M. ulcerans were evaluated in vitro. When used singly, epiroprim was the most potent, with MICs between 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L, while trimethoprim was totally ineffective. The MICs of K-130 and brodimoprim ranged from 1.0-2.0 mg/L for the former to 2.0-16.0 mg/L for the latter. When combined with dapsone, synergic effects were observed with epiroprim. These results indicate the great potential of epiroprim in treating M. ulcerans infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Dapsone in rheumatoid arthritis.

After a preliminary period of observation, 71 patients with consistently active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were given dapsone 50 mg daily for one week, then 100 mg daily. There was a significant improvement in subjective clinical state and there were significant falls in serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and the ESR; the Rose-Waaler titre (RW) did not fall. The results were compared with those in 78 patients who had gold. Subjective clinical improvement was slower with gold, but from six weeks the pattern of changes in clinical score, CRP and ESR was similar for both drugs. The RW fell during gold treatment. The results suggest dapsone is effective in RA; over-all it appears to be slightly less effective than gold but much less toxic.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Bilateral upper-lobe cavitary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient on dapsone prophylaxis.

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) presenting as bilateral upper-lobe cavitary disease is rare. Isolated upper-lobe involvement has traditionally been associated with aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. Dapsone is a cheap and effective prophylactic agent against P carinii in patients who cannot tolerate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This is a case of a man who presented with bilateral upper-lobe cavitary P carinii pneumonia despite being on dapsone prophylaxis. Bronchoalveolar lavage was negative for P carinii. Transbronchial biopsy was positive for P carinii. The patient improved significantly with radiological resolution on specific treatment for P carinii. PCP should be included in the differential diagnosis of upper-lobe cavitary lung disease, and a transbronchial biopsy should be performed when the diagnosis is suspected.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1995

Aerosolized pentamidine, cotrimoxazole and dapsone-pyrimethamine for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmic encephalitis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of three regimens for primary prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) and to evaluate their effect on survival in patients with HIV infection. DESIGN: Randomized, open label, prospective trial. SETTING: A single Infectious Diseases Department in Italy. PATIENTS: HIV-infected patients (n = 197) with a CD4 count < 200 x 10(6)/l and without previous PCP or TE. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to receive (1) aerosolized pentamidine (AP; 300 mg monthly), (2) cotrimoxazole (CTX; 160 mg trimethoprim and 800 mg sulfamethoxazole every other day), or (3) dapsone-pyrimethamine (DP; 100 mg weekly dapsone and 25 mg biweekly pyrimethamine). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PCP, TE, death, and drug-limiting toxicity. Considering difference in PCP occurrence the trial was interrupted on June 1992. Observation was prolonged until June 1994 for TE and survival. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis yielded PCP rates of 10.2 per 100 person-years in the AP, 2.0 in the CTX, and 32.1 in the DP group [adjusted relative risk of DP versus CTX: 17.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.2-139.6; P = 0.007]. TE rates in patients with positive Toxoplasma serology were 25.6 per 100 person-years in the AP, 8.9 in the CTX and 9.4 in the DP group. In 'on treatment' analysis, no episode of TE developed in the DP group, and rates were 34.7 per 100 person-years in the AP and 2.5 in the CTX group (AP versus CTX: P = 0.01; AP versus DP: P = 0.004). The adjusted risk of mortality for the DP group was 2.8 times that of the CTX group in the first part of the study (95% CI, 1.1-7.3; P = 0.037), and 1.8 times (95% CI, 1.1-2.9; P = 0.02) in the prolonged follow-up. No significant difference in the occurrence of serious adverse reactions was observed between the three treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent CTX was more effective than low-dose DP and showed a slight but not significant advantage on AP for primary PCP prophylaxis. DP was associated with a shorter survival. Both CTX and DP resulted in a significant reduction in the risk of TE.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

High-performance liquid chromatography determination of pyrimethamine, dapsone, monoacetyldapsone, sulfadoxine, and N-acetyl-sulfadoxine after rapid solid-phase extraction.

A solid-phase extraction procedure and a corresponding high-performance liquid chromatographic technique based on methods previously published by Edstein et al. (Edstein M. Quantification of antimalarial drugs. I. Simultaneous measurement of sulphadoxine, N4acetylsulphadoxine and pyrimethamine in human plasma. J Chromatogr 1984;305:502-7; Edstein M. Quantification of antimalarial drugs. II. Simultaneous measurement of dapsone, monoacetyldapsone and pyrimethamine in human plasma. J Chromatogr 1984;307:426-31) were developed for simultaneous determination of either dapsone (DDS), monoacetyldapsone (MADDS), and pyrimethamine (PYR) or sulfadoxine (SDX), N-acetyl-sulfadoxine (NAS) and pyrimethamine in plasma. Solid-phase extraction was achieved using C-18 extraction columns. An ionpair chromatography was performed on a C-18 analytical column (mu Bondapak C-18, 300 x 3.9 mm I.D.). Gradient elution with methanol, acetonitrile, PIC B6 reagent (1-hexanesulphonic acid), and water as mobile phase was applied. Ultraviolet detection was done at 210 nm for PYR, at 254 nm for SDX and NAS, and at 295 nm for DDS and MADDS. The extraction recoveries averaged 92.1% for PYR, 87.6% for DDS, 87.5% for MADDS, 91.2% for SDX, and 92.4% for NAS. The limit of quantification using 1.0-ml plasma samples was 15 ng/ml for PYR, DDS, MADDS, NAS, and 25 ng/ml for SDX (precision < 15%).

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1994

Oxidative activation of proguanil and dapsone acetylation in Thai soldiers.

The prevalence of putative poor metaboliser (PM) phenotypes of proguanil oxidation in Caucasian populations is 3-10%. The PM frequency in Oriental populations is unknown. In this study the plasma metabolic ratios of proguanil and dapsone to their principal metabolites cycloguanil and monoacetyldapsone were determined in Thai soldiers receiving antifolate drug combinations for malaria prophylaxis. The distribution ratio of proguanil to cycloguanil (PROG/CYC) was highly skewed with no evidence of bimodality. Assuming subjects with a PROG/CYC ratio greater than 10 are PMs from studies in Caucasians, the incidence of PMs in the soldiers would be 18% (30 of 170). The mean PROG/CYC ratio for PMs in the Thai soldiers was 31.2 +/- 28.9 (n = 30) compared with 25.5 +/- 2.5 (n = 3) in a study of Caucasians. The corresponding values for putative EMs were 5.4 +/- 2.1 (n = 140) and 2.4 +/- 0.2 (n = 134). Similar to other Oriental populations, Thais were found to be predominantly (76%, 173 of 228) rapid acetylators of dapsone.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1976

The ultrastructural changes in the skin in dermatitis herpetiformis after withdrawal of dapsone.

The development of skin lesions in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis after the withdrawal of their dapsone therapy was studied with the electron microscope. In control biopsies from patients prior to cessation of treatment, membrane-bound vacuoles were found beneath the basal lamina of the epidermis as previously described. After dapsone withdrawal, there was an apparent increase in the number of vacuoles and occasionally several vacuoles appeared to have coalesced forming an early blister. At this stage, the basal lamina and associated hemidesmosomes were normal although in places there were small discontinuities in the basal lamina. Where the reaction was more intense, vacuoles and cells, mainly eosinophils, were embedded in fibrin de posits. Above this, the basal lamina was usually disrupted with involvement of the basal epidermal cells. These results suggest that the vacuoles do play a part in the formation of the pathological lesion in dermatitis herpetiformis. In addition, the basal lamina is shown to be only secondarily involved. The nature of the vacuoles has still to be elucidated.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Dapsone in the treatment of lupus erythematosus.

Dapsone yielded excellent therapeutic results in certain forms of lupus erythematosus (LE), whereas discoid lesions and the maculo-papular rash of the systemic and disseminated chronic forms of discoid LE remained uninfluenced by the drug. On the basis of these observations, we suggest the following indications for dapsone treatment in LE: (1) Vasculitic urticaria. (2) Oral ulceration. (3) Non-scarring form of chronic LE. (4) Chloroquine intolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of potassium iodide, colchicine and dapsone on the generation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived oxygen intermediates.

The effects of potassium iodide, colchicine and dapsone on the in vitro generation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-derived oxygen intermediates were investigated. These three drugs have beneficial effects on those conditions in which PMNs play an important pathogenetic role. Three oxygen intermediates, superoxide anion (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH.) and chemiluminescence were included in assay studies. Dose response studies were performed with therapeutic doses of the drugs (10 microM--mM). We found that both potassium iodide and dapsone significantly suppressed the generation of oxygen intermediates, except for O2-. Colchicine decreased OH. production. Our results show tha these agents to some extent exert their anti-inflammatory effects by interfering with the PMN-dependent production of oxygen intermediates, thus conferring protection from auto-oxidative tissue injury. This may account for their clinical efficacy in many PMN-mediated dermatological diseases.

Anions↗
PubMed1984

The effect of corticosteroids, dapsone and gold upon plasminogen activator synthesis and secretion by human epidermal cells cultured with pemphigus antibody.

Human epidermal cells were cultured with pemphigus antibody in the presence of hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, dapsone and gold. Hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone reduced the production of the enzyme plasminogen activator but dapsone and gold had no effect. These results support the hypothesis that corticosteroids have dual effects on pemphigus through inhibition of plasminogen activator production by epidermal cells and suppression of pemphigus antibody production by B lymphocytes.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1991

Changes in Kaposi's sarcoma induced by dapsone.

The authors describe the clinical and histological changes in well-established classic Kaposi's sarcoma lesions during 2-years therapy with dapsone. Both the patients noted a great improvement in their symptoms. Clinical examination did not show significant modifications of the lesions. Histology showed a striking reduction in the spindle-cell component and an increase in the number of mature vessels. Immunohistochemistry with an endothelial cell marker (FVIIIRAg) confirmed the presence of an increased number of mature vessels after treatment. This study seems to confirm that dapsone can modify well-established lesions of classic Kaposi's sarcoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Dapsone-induced motor peripheral neuropathy in pemphigus foliaceus.

We describe a case of pemphigus foliaceus complicated by dapsone-induced motor peripheral neuropathy. This idiosyncratic dapsone side-effect, which is rare other than in leprosy patients, was noteworthy for both its rapid onset, occurring within a month of commencing treatment, and its profound and prolonged nature.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Rheumatoid papules treated with dapsone.

A patient with a long history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis presented with a progressive papular eruption on the trunk. A skin biopsy showed a neutrophilic and palisaded granulomatous dermatitis compatible with rheumatoid papules. The eruption failed to respond to topical and systemic corticosteroids and the patient was treated with dapsone with complete resolution of the rash. Rheumatoid papules are a rare disorder seen in a variety of collagen vascular diseases. The literature concerning the treatment of rheumatoid papules is scanty. In this patient, dapsone was an effective treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Gall-bladder perforation after long-term dapsone therapy.

A 65-year-old man on maintenance dapsone therapy for dermatitis herpetiformis for 30 years was admitted to hospital with acute abdominal pain and vomiting. Investigations revealed a Heinz body haemolytic anaemia. Worsening symptoms prompted an emergency laparotomy that revealed a perforated gall bladder with pigmented biliary calculi. In previous reviews of the haematological abnormalities associated with dapsone therapy, life-threatening cholecystitis has not been described.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1986

Dapsone-induced peripheral neuropathy.

A young man with dermatitis herpetiformis developed fatigue and neurologic complaints 4 years after he began oral dapsone therapy. Neurologic examination and nerve conduction studies confirmed the presence of a combined motor and sensory peripheral neuropathy. The symptomatic improvement reported by the patient was supported by improvement in the nerve conduction studies after cessation of dapsone therapy. Substitution of sulfapyridine did not adversely affect the resolution of his neuropathy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dapsone in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Fifty patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis were treated with dapsone (DDS) approximately 2 mg per kilogram body weight per day for 21 days. Forty patients (80%) were declared cured on the basis of clinical and pathologic criteria. Follow-up examination after 6 months revealed no recurrences. No major side effects were noted. In the control group of 15 patients not receiving the drug, no significant change was seen in the lesions. Dapsone thus was used successfully for the first time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Erythema dyschromicum perstans: response to dapsone therapy.

Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) is a rare disorder characterized by asymptomatic, slowly progressive, ash-gray macular pigmentation of the skin, which usually occurs from age 5 years through adult life. Most cases reported to date are of Latin American and Indian patients. Rare cases have been reported from Turkey. No treatment of choice is presently available. Various therapies have been tried, including sun protection, chemical peels, antibiotics, corticosteroids, vitamins, isoniazid, griseofulvin, and chloroquine, without any benefit. Some authors have suggested the therapeutic efficacy of clofazimine and dapsone on EDP. We report a case of EDP that responded remarkably well to treatment with dapsone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The penetration of dapsone, rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide into peripheral nerves.

1 Dapsone, rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide were shown to penetrate readily into the sciatic nerves of the dog and sheep. 2 These findings suggest that the continued persistence of viable drug-sensitive leprosy bacilli in the peripheral nerves of patients treated for long periods with either dapsone or rifampicin is not due to inadequate intraneural drug penetration.

Animals↗