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Results for “DENTAL PULP”

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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effects of bradykinin and thrombin on prostaglandin formation, cell proliferation and collagen biosynthesis in human dental-pulp fibroblasts.

Bradykinin and thrombin caused a time- and dose-dependent stimulation of prostanoid biosynthesis in human dental-pulp fibroblasts, as assessed by the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (the stable breakdown product of prostacyclin). The stimulatory effect of bradykinin and thrombin on PGE2 biosynthesis was maximal within 5-10 min. The concentration of bradykinin producing half-maximal stimulation (EC50) of PGE2 and prostacyclin formation was 10 nM. EC50 for thrombin-induced formation of PGE2 and prostacyclin were 0.05 and 0.2 U/ml, respectively. Bradykinin analogues with affinity to the bradykinin B2 receptor, but not those with affinity to the B1 receptor, caused a burst of PGE2 formation. The stimulatory action of bradykinin and thrombin on PGE2 biosynthesis was abolished by two structurally different cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors and significantly reduced by two corticosteroids. Thrombin dose-dependently enhanced the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA in pulpal fibroblasts by a mechanism that was unrelated to the effect on prostanoid biosynthesis. Bradykinin did not affect thymidine incorporation. Thrombin, but not bradykinin, stimulated the biosynthesis of type 1 collagen in the pulpal fibroblasts. The stimulatory effect of thrombin on collagen biosynthesis was not affected by cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. These data show that human dental-pulp fibroblasts are equipped with receptors for bradykinin and thrombin linked to enhanced prostanoid biosynthesis. Occupancy of the thrombin receptors also leads to a prostaglandin-independent stimulation of cell proliferation and collagen biosynthesis.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1998

The relationship between Universal Dental Anchorage System (UDA) pins and the dental pulp chamber, in vitro.

PURPOSE OF STUDY: The Universal Dental Anchorage (UDA) System incorporates the use of pins inserted into enamel and dentine to retain a pontic. The pins are placed horizontally into teeth in the region of the contact area and so are potentially placed close to the dental pulp. This study aims to investigate and measure this relationship to assess if the pulp may be placed at risk during pin hole preparation or UDA pin placement. METHODS: Teeth were assessed radiographically and pins placed according to manufacturer's instructions. The teeth were subsequently sectioned through the pin position and measurements from the pin tip to the pulp chamber made at 4X magnification. RESULTS: In the majority of the teeth the pins were in close proximity to the pulp chamber (mean +/- sd = 0.8 +/- 0.7 mm). Two pins were in direct communication with the pulp chamber. Seven pins were separated from the pulp chamber by only 0.1-0.5 mm and six pins by 0.6-1.0 mm. Three pins were more than 1.0 mm from the pulp chamber. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the use of 2.1 mm UDA pins would, in many cases, represent a risk to pulpal health.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Biological effects of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 on the dental pulp cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biological effects of the new nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 biological composites (nHA-PA66) on the dental pulp cells. METHODS: After interaction with the nHA-PA66 eluate, the growth, proliferation, and function of the in vitro cultured human dental pulp cells were studied by cell culture technique, inverted phase-contrast microscope observation, MTT assay, flow cytometry, ALP activity assay and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS: The cultured pulp cells grew well and showed no morphological variation. Moreover, this material had no negative effects on the proliferation, cell cycle, ALP activity and the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) mRNA of the pulp cells. CONCLUSION: As a new nano-biomaterial, nHA-PA66 has good biocompatibility to the pulp cells, but no obvious bioactivity.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1990

Pharmacological and biochemical study on the mechanism of enkephalin production in rat dental pulp.

The production of enkephalin (EK) in the rat dental pulp was studied in pharmacological and biochemical aspects of EK-producing enzyme, EK precursor protein and the regulation of EK production. The EK precursor protein was primarily distributed in the microsomal fraction, and a common precursor protein (Mr about 58,000) was partially purified by Sephadex G-100 chromatography. Since the EK-producing enzyme, however, was mainly localized in the lysosomal fraction, and was found to be a cysteine proteinase, the lysosomal cysteine proteinases, cathepsins H, B and L, were separated by CM Sephadex C-50 ion exchange chromatography, and identified in respects to substrate specificity, pH optimum and inhibitor sensitivity. The EK-producing activity of the cathepsin B was demonstrated using the partially purified EK precursor protein from the pulp tissue as a substrate. The cathepsin B was further purified by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration to a 400-fold purity, and SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme showed a distinct homogeneity (Mr about 23,600). The purified enzyme cleaved BAM-12P, a met-EK-containing peptide from bovine adrenal medulla, to met-EK-Arg6, but did not convert met-EK-Arg6 to met-EK, suggesting an endopeptidase activity of the enzyme. On the other hand, a concentration-dependent activation of the enzyme by bradykinin (BK) and des-Arg9-BK was found to be mediated through B1 receptor in intact pulp tissue. It was also demonstrated that intact structure of lysosomes and Ca++ were necessary for the activation of the enzyme by BK.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical evidence for the occurrence of endothelin in the vascular endothelium of normal and inflamed human dental pulp.

The occurrence and distribution of the regulatory peptide endothelin in normal and inflamed human dental pulp was studied by immunocytochemistry. Endothelial cells in both normal and inflamed pulp displayed endothelin-like immunoreactivity. Neither pulp cells nor dental nerves were immunoreactive. No significant change in the distribution of endothelin immunoreactivity could be detected in the samples of inflamed pulp tissue, the immunoreactive material being detectable only within the endothelium. However, the intensity of the immunostaining was less intense in the samples of inflamed pulp. It is reasonable to presume that endothelin, produced and released locally by endothelial cells, may participate via a paracrine mechanism in the regulation of blood pressure and flow in normal and pathological human dental tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Effects of topical Catalase application on dental pulp tissue: a histopathological evaluation.

OBJECTIVES: recently, the role of antioxidant enzymes in wound healing and their therapeutic potential has been a subject of interest in medical sciences. However there is restricted knowledge on the results of topical application, optimal therapeutic dosage and carrier types. The purpose of this study was to investigate the wound healing response of dental pulp after direct pulp capping with an antioxidant enzyme; Catalase (C-40). METHODS: three mongrel dogs were used in this study. A total of 32 perforated Cl V preparations were treated with either 0.8mg (n=16) or 1.6mg (n=16) Catalase (C-40) which was incorporated in gelatin carriers whereas 16 control teeth had carriers without Catalase. One millimeter thick Teflon disks were placed over the gelatin pellets and the cavities restored with silver amalgam. Short term and long term histopathologic reactions were evaluated after 7 and 90 days. RESULTS: there were no statistically significant differences between the inflammatory cell responses of control and either dosage groups of Catalase at the 7-day evaluation period. However, after 90 days, better tissue healing was observed in the teeth treated with Catalase, resulting in significant differences with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: it can be concluded that the results of this study encourage the topical use of antioxidant Catalase as a pulp-capping agent. However, further studies are required to determine optimal antioxidant dosages.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1978

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern in normal and inflamed human dental pulp.

Enzyme variants may serve an adaptive role in providing the correct vectorial properties for the metabolism of a tissue, or broadening its environmental tolerance range. To determine if the LDH isoenzyme pattern of human dental pulp changes during inflammation, supernatants from normal and inflamed dental pulp homogenates were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Inflamed pulps had a higher M subunit content and a markedly increased enzyme activity. These results might reflect adaptive changes at the enzyme level associated with a partial shift towards anaerobic metabolism during inflammation of the pulp.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Stimulation of reparative dentin formation by ex vivo gene therapy using dental pulp stem cells electrotransfected with growth/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11).

Dental pulp progenitor/stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into odontoblasts and they provide a potential for dentin repair and regeneration by gene therapy. To develop a successful ex vivo gene therapy to induce reparative dentin formation rapidly and effectively after treatment of caries, we developed a three-dimensional pellet culture system of pulp cells electrotransfected with growth/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11). The viability after electrotransfection was more than 85%, and the efficiency was about 70% as determined by flow cytometry. After 10 days of culture, the total amount of type I and type III collagen was 3-fold higher in the pEGFP-Gdf11-transfected pellet than in the control. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of markers of odontoblast differentiation (alkaline phosphatase, dentin matrix protein 1 [Dmp1], dentin sialophosphoprotein [Dspp], enamelysin, and phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on X-chromosome [Phex]) was increased in the pEGFP-Gdf11-transfected pellet compared with the control on day 14. On the basis of this in vitro evaluation, an in vivo investigation in the dog was performed. Autogenous transplantation of Gdf11-transfected cells cultured as a pellet on amputated pulp stimulated reparative dentin formation. Thus, Gdf11 gene therapy may be potentially used in endodontic treatment in dentistry.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1999

Histochemical localization of hyaluronan and versican in the rat molar dental pulp.

The distribution of hyaluronan and versican in the dental pulp of the young rat was mapped histochemically. The pattern of staining showed considerable variation between different teeth and different specimens. The most common pattern was a strong reaction for hyaluronan and a weak reaction for versican in the subodontoblastic region, with the reverse deeper in the pulp. This was not an entirely consistent pattern and there was considerable regional variation in the staining intensity for both molecules. The localization of these molecules at similar sites could thus indicate related roles in the connective tissue matrix rather than any chemical bonding between them.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Human dental pulp and gingival tissue after static magnetic field exposure.

The aim of this intra-individual study was to examine human dental pulp and gingival tissue after exposure to static magnetic fields generated by orthodontic samarium-cobalt magnets. In seven individuals, aged between 11.5 and 17.5 years, the maxillary first premolars and immediately adjacent gingival tissues were exposed to a static magnetic field from a bonded magnet on one side (test) and a demagnetized magnet was used as a control on the contralateral side. After a period of 8 weeks the test and control teeth were clinically examined regarding gingival conditions, then biopsies of the buccal gingival tissues were taken and the maxillary first premolars were extracted. The teeth and the tissue biopsies were examined histologically. The static magnetic field exposure (flux density) of the coronal pulp sections on the test sides ranged between 100 and 150 Gauss, and the exposure of the buccal gingival tissues ranged between 200 and 900 Gauss. The contralateral control tissues were exposed to flux density values at the level of the natural magnetic field on earth (0.3-0.6 Gauss). Static magnetic fields produced by orally placed orthodontic rare earth magnets did not result in any change in human dental pulp or gingival tissue adjacent to the magnets. There was no difference in clinical gingival conditions between test and control sites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Immunoelectron microscopic observation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive nerves in the dental pulp of rat molars.

The ultrastructure of nerves containing immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was investigated in the dental pulp of rat molars. The immunoreactivity was recognized predominantly in unmyelinated nerve fibers, and sparsely in a few myelinated fibers. It was localized throughout the axoplasm, as well as in the large cored vesicles. Small clear vesicles and mitochondria were free of the immunoreaction. The CGRP-immunoreactive nerves were frequently observed to terminate, being devoid of Schwann cell investment, in the vicinity of blood vessels in the coronal pulp, suggesting that CGRP may be involved in the regulation of pulpal blood flow. Moreover, CGRP-immunoreactive axon terminals containing numerous small clear vesicles, a few large cored vesicles and mitochondria were recognized in contact with the cell bodies of odontoblasts and their processes in the dentinal tubules. Although specialized synaptic ultrastructures were not recognizable, a functional association of CGRP nerves and odontoblasts was suggested. Thus, CGRP in the dental pulp appears to have multiple functions, including vascular regulation and sensory transduction.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Modulation by presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors of noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerves in human dental pulp.

This study was undertaken to test for the presence of presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors on sympathetic nerves in human dental pulp and, if present, to investigate the subtype. Pulp was excised from freshly extracted teeth, incubated with [3H]-noradrenaline (0.6 micromol/l) and subsequently superfused with Krebs solution. Sympathetic nerves were stimulated at 5 Hz for 100 sec. The non-specific beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline (1.0 micromol/l), and the selective beta2-agonist salbutamol (10 micromol/l) facilitated the release of [3H]-noradrenaline; isoprenaline, but not salbutamol, also facilitated this release in the presence of desipramine (DMI, 0.3 micromol/l), corticosterone (10 micromol/l) and rauwolscine (0.1 micromol/l). BRL 37344 (1.0 micromol/l), a beta3-agonist, had no effect on [3H]-noradrenaline release. The facilitatory effects of isoprenaline and salbutamol were inhibited by the non-specific beta-antagonist propranolol (1.0 micromol/l), while that of salbutamol was inhibited in the presence of ICI-188,551 (1.0 micromol/l), a selective beta2-antagonist, as well. The beta1-antagonist atenolol (1.0 micromol/l) potentiated the facilitatory effects of isoprenaline in the presence of DMI and corticosterone. Neither propranolol nor ICI-188,551 alone affected the release of [3H]-noradrenaline. These results establish the presence of presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors on sympathetic nerves in human dental pulp. It is suggested that they are of the beta2-subtype, although a greater range of agonists and antagonists needs to be used to clarify the nature of the the beta-adrenoceptors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Evidence for presynaptic cholinergic receptors in sympathetic nerves in human dental pulp.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether presynaptic cholinergic receptors are present in sympathetic nerves in human dental pulp. Pulp was incubated with [3H]noradrenaline (0.6 mumol/l) for 30 min and then superfused with Krebs' solution at 1.0 ml/min. Electrical stimulation (100 sec, 5 Hz) increased the overflow of [3H]noradrenaline into the superfusate. Carbachol (10 and 100 mumol/l), an agonist of muscarinic receptors, decreased the stimulation-induced (SI) overflow of 3H, an effect blocked by atropine but not hexamethonium. Carbachol, atropine and hexamethonium had no effect on the resting overflow. Nicotine (10 mumol/l) increased the resting overflow and inhibited the SI overflow, although the inhibition was variable. Cytisine, another agonist of nicotinic receptors, also increased the resting overflow, but did not affect the SI overflow. To ascertain whether the actions of nicotine and electrical stimulation were influenced by the release of nitric oxide (NO), the effects of an NO donor and two NO-synthase inhibitors were examined. With the exception of one of the NO-synthase inhibitors (L-NAME), the agents were without effect on the overflow of 3H in the absence or presence of nicotine. It was concluded that sympathetic nerves in human dental pulp possess (a) presynaptic muscarinic receptors that inhibit the SI release of noradrenaline, and (b) nicotinic receptors that evoke the release of noradrenaline and that inhibit the SI release of the transmitter. The results do not point to a significant role for NO in the effects of stimulation or nicotine on the overflow of 3H.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Medication of the dental pulp: a review and proposals.

For years, dentists have desired to treat the intact dental pulp. Since it is well-known that many substances, including some drugs, are capable of permeating dentin, we believe it is possible to treat certain types of pulpitis by applying drugs at the base of cavity preparations. Useful drugs include local anesthetics to block pain transmission, glucocorticoids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIA) to treat inflammation, NSAIA or narcotic analgesics for pain control, and antibiotics to treat infection. The literature is reviewed and proposals are presented to study medication of the dental pulp.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DENTAL PULP HEMOGRAM.

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Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1994

Dense innervation of human radicular dental pulp as revealed by immunocytochemistry for protein gene-product 9.5.

Protein gene-product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) is a novel neurone-specific protein. At light- and electron-microscopic levels, human radicular dental pulp was heavily innervated by PGP 9.5 nerve fibres. Thick nerve bundles showing intense PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity ascended in the centre of the pulp, with some nerve fibres extending from the trunk towards the peripheral pulp at regular intervals. However, the fibres did not form a plexus (of Raschkow) beneath the odontoblast cell layer. The PGP 9.5-positive nerve fibres penetrated into the predentine and dentine beyond the odontoblast cell layer where some nerves terminated. In the predentine, PGP 9.5-positive nerve fibres were densely distributed. In tangential sections along the pulpodentinal border, the nerve fibres ran in contact with odontoblast processes. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that all nerve fibres were immunoreactive for PGP 9.5 in the radicular predentine and dentine, and terminated in contact with the odontoblast cell processes. The distribution pattern and terminal formation of predentinal and dentinal nerves were identical to those of coronal pulp, as reported previously. The dense innervation in radicular dental pulp, overlooked in previous reports, might be responsible for dentine hypersensitivity.

Adolescent↗