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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Dosimetric evaluation of the effect of dental implants in head and neck radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine the dose enhancement from scattered radiation at bone-dental implant interfaces during simulated head and neck radiotherapy. STUDY DESIGN: Four cylindrical titanium dental implants with 3 different sizes and lengths were implanted into a human mandible in 4 different positions. Ionization measurements for 6 MV X, 25 MV X, and Co-60 gamma rays were done. Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD 100 ) chips were used to measure radiation dose enhancement due to the scattered electrons from titanium and electronic disequilibrium at the tissue-metal interface. RESULTS: The results showed that for Co-60, there is a 21% maximum increase in dose to alveolar mandibular bone at the close proximity to the titanium. For 6-MV x-rays the dose enhancement increase was almost the same or slightly lower than for Co-60, while for 25-MV high-energy x-rays, dose enhancement was lower than that of others. This increase in dose enhancement fell off rapidly and became insignificant at 2 mm from the interface. CONCLUSION: Total dose that may lead to osteoradionecrosis risk of the mandible is slightly but not significantly affected by the scattered dose of the dental implants of lower jaw in the radiation field exposed to 3 different radiation beams.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2004

[Dental implants in tooth grinders].

Bruxism (tooth grinding and clenching) is generally considered a contraindication for dental implants, although the evidence is usually based on clinical experience only. So far, studies to the possible cause-and-effect relationship between bruxism and implant failure do not yield consistent and specific outcomes. This is partly due to the large variation in the technical and the biological aspects of the investigations. Although there is still no proof that bruxism causes overload of dental implants and their suprastructures, a careful approach is recommended. Practical advices as to minimize the chance of implant failure are given. Besides the recommendation to reduce or eliminate bruxism itself, these advices concern the number and dimensions of the implants, the design of the occlusion and articulation patterns, and the use of a hard nightguard.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1999

Rehabilitation with dental implants of oral cancer patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the risks and complications of rehabilitation with dental implants after tumour surgery and radiotherapy. After a disease-free survival of 18 months, 29 patients who had undergone oral cancer treatment were rehabilitated with dental implants. The complication rate of implants in irradiated, non-irradiated and grafted bone was analyzed at least 3 years after implant placement. In the healing period, 28.6% of the implants in irradiated bone and 8.4% in non-irradiated bone showed soft tissue complications. Of the implants, 26.7% in the irradiated and 14.7% in the non-irradiated mandibular bone were lost in the first 36 months after placement. Thirty-one point two percent of implants inserted in non-irradiated bone grafts were affected and did not osseointegrate. Of 109 inserted implants, 70 were suitable for prosthetic rehabilitation. There are high complication rates after implant placement in oral cancer patients. Irradiation adversely affects soft tissue healing. Osseointegration is frequently disturbed, especially when implants were placed in non-vascularized bone grafts.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Tissue-engineered injectable bone regeneration for osseointegrated dental implants.

The present study investigated a correlation between osseointegration in dental implants and an injectable tissue-engineered bone, using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Initially, the teeth in the mandible region were extracted and the healing period was 1 month. Bone defects on both sides of the mandible were prepared with a trephine bar. The defects were implanted with graft materials as follows: PRP, dog MSCs (dMSCs), and PRP, autogenous particulate cancellous bone and marrow (PCBM), and control (defect only). Two months later, the animals were evaluated by histology, and at the same time dental implants were installed. Two months later, the animals were sacrificed and nondecalcified sections were evaluated histologically and histometrically. According to the histological observations, the dMSCs/PRP group had well-formed mature bone and neovascularization, compared with the control (defect only) and PRP groups, as was the same for the PCBM group. A higher marginal bone level was observed around implants with PRP, PCBM, and dMSCs/PRP compared with the control. Furthermore, the values describing the amount of bone-implant contact (BIC) at the bone/implant interface were significantly different between the PRP, PCBM, dMSCs/PRP, and control groups. Significant differences were also found between the dMSCs/PRP and control groups in bone density. The findings of this experimental study indicate that the use of a mixture of dMSCs/PRP results in good results such as the amount of BIC and bone density comparable with that achieved by PCBM.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Space-providing expanded polytetrafluoroethylene devices define alveolar augmentation at dental implants induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier.

BACKGROUND: Surgical implantation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (ACS) significantly enhances bone regeneration in horizontal alveolar defects; however, sufficient quantities of bone for implant dentistry are not routinely obtained. PURPOSE: The objective of this proof-of-principle study was to evaluate the potential of a space-providing macroporous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) device to control volume and geometry of rhBMP-2/ACS-induced alveolar bone augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bilateral critical-size supra-alveolar periimplant defects were created in four Hound-Labrador mongrel dogs. Two turned and one surface-etched 10 mm titanium dental implants were placed 5 mm into the surgically reduced alveolar ridge creating 5 mm supra-alveolar defects. rhBMP-2/ACS (0.4 mg rhBMP-2) was placed around the exposed dental implants. Additionally, one jaw quadrant in each animal was randomly assigned to receive the dome-shaped macroporous ePTFE device. Mucoperiosteal flaps were advanced for primary wound closure. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks post surgery for histometric analysis. RESULTS: The space-providing macroporous ePTFE device defined the volume and geometry of rhBMP-2/ACS-induced bone formation, whereas bone formation at sites receiving rhBMP-2/ACS alone varied considerably. Vertical bone gain at turned dental implants averaged (+/-SD) 4.7 +/-0.2 mm at sites receiving rhBMP-2/ACS and the ePTFE device compared with 3.5 +/-0.9 mm at sites receiving rhBMP-2/ACS only. The corresponding values for rhBMP-2/ACS-induced bone area were 9.6 +/- 0.7 mm2 and 7.5 +/-6.2 mm2. There was a highly significant correlation between induced bone area and the space provided by the ePTFE device (p <.001). There was no difference in induced bone density or bone-implant contact between the two technologies. These observations were consistent with those observed at surface-etched dental implants. CONCLUSIONS: The data from this study suggest that a space-providing macroporous ePTFE device defines rhBMP-2/ACS-induced alveolar augmentation to provide adequate bone quantities for implant dentistry. The dental implant surface technology does not appear to substantially influence bone formation.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2005

Influence of implant/abutment joint designs on abutment screw loosening in a dental implant system.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of implant/abutment joint designs on abutment screw loosening in a dental implant system, using nonlinear dynamic analysis of the finite element method (FEM). This finite element simulation study used two dental implant systems: the Ankylos implant system (Degusa Dental, Hanau, German) with a taper joint (taper joint-type model), and the Bränemark implant system (Nobel Biocare, Gothenburg, Sweden) with an external hex joint (external hex joint-type model). The nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed using three-dimensional finite element analysis. In comparing the movement of the taper type-joint model and external hex type-joint model, it was found that the external hex type-joint model had greater movement than the taper type-joint model. The external hex joint-type model showed rotation movement, whereas the movement of the taper joint-type model showed no rotation. It was concluded that the nonlinear dynamic analysis used in this study clearly demonstrated the differences in rotation of components in dental implant systems with taper or external hex joints.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1994

A comparison of the diagnostic advantages of panoramic radiography and computed tomography scanning for placement of root form dental implants.

This study evaluated the advantages of computed tomography (CT) in comparison to routine panoramic radiography for dental implant treatment planning. An in vitro validation study was performed to assess the accuracy of CT and panoramic radiography film images for measurement of anatomic structures and distances between anatomic structures. After correcting by a standard 25% magnification on the panoramic images, a significant difference in measurements was found between the CT and panoramic radiography images. Ten subjects requiring implants in compromised ridges were treatment planned with either CT and panoramic radiographs or panoramic radiographs alone. The ideal implant length was determined at surgery with direct digital radiography. The dentists were significantly more confident using CT and panoramic images than panoramic radiographs alone. Implant length treatment planned with panoramic radiography alone underestimated length significantly compared with the implant length determined to be ideal during surgery, whereas treatment planning with CT and panoramic radiography demonstrated no significant difference. The data indicate the CT may be of value in treatment planning for dental implants, especially when gaining maximum length is of critical importance.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Dental implant outcomes in postmenopausal women undergoing hormone replacement.

To determine if hormone supplementation reduces the risk of failure for osseointegration of dental implants in postmenopausal women, the treatment outcomes of 116 women older than age 50, treated with 450 endosseous dental implants, were analyzed in this retrospective study. The findings indicated that hormone replacement therapy may not be linked with improved outcomes of endosseous dental implant treatment in postmenopausal women. Smoking, however, appears to significantly increase the implant failure rate in the group observed in this study.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Marginal tissue response adjacent to Astra Dental Implants supporting overdentures in the mandible.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal tissue response adjacent to implant supported overdentures. Twenty edentulous patients had 2 Astra Dental Implants placed in the canine region of the lower jaw. New overdentures were retained by individual ball attachments in 11 patients and by a bar attachment in 9 patients. Periodontal registrations were recorded 0 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after the overdentures were inserted. One of the 40 fixtures was lost at the stage of abutment connection. No fixtures were lost during the 2- to 4-year observation period and no fixtures showed any periodontal signs of failure. At the 2-year examination, no pocket depths adjacent to the implants exceeded 4 mm and no bone loss exceeded 3 mm. The mean annual bone loss was less than 0.2 mm during the first 2 years. The preliminary results from this limited study were promising and showed that two osseointegrated Astra Dental Implants could successfully retain an overdenture in the lower jaw. However, long-term observation is needed for a definitive evaluation of this treatment concept.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Electronic monitoring of dental implant osseointegration.

BACKGROUND: The methods for evaluating dental implant osseointegration can be limited in their effectiveness. The authors developed a new noninvasive electronic instrument to test implant stability and improve the assessment process. METHODS: Using the new instrument, which was based on impulse testing and fast Fourier transform, or FFT, technology, the authors tested implant stability under real-time clinical conditions. The clinical procedure involved a weekly test of two placed implants, from the first-stage insertion point to the completion of the integration. This longitudinal monitoring spanned eight months. RESULTS: The authors verified clinical implant integration electronically and that it closely matched mathematical predictions. They also observed changes in implant stability during the integration process. CONCLUSIONS: Implant stability can be monitored electronically using FFT testing. A theoretical integration prediction also can be formulated. Like a "dental electrocardiogram," integration is assessed by waveform shape analysis. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Electronic measurement of implant stability may help clinicians noninvasively diagnose the suitability of implants for restoration and aid in postrestorative monitoring.

Dental Implants↗
PubMed2001

Treatment of aggressive periodontitis by osseointegrated dental implants. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Generalized aggressive periodontitis is described as a clinical entity affecting both deciduous and permanent dentition with extensive alveolar bone loss, mobility, and exfoliation of all or many teeth. Controversy exists on dental implant use to restore missing dentition in younger patients. METHODS: This case report presents a patient diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis who has lost all but 4 of her teeth. Her personal and functional desires led us to include implant therapy in her treatment plan. The hematological data are presented with an analysis of the immunological profile. RESULTS: Dental implants were placed, and following 3 months of osseointegration, an implant-supported prosthesis was completed. The patient was followed up for 36 months. CONCLUSIONS: This case report presents an alternative treatment for rehabilitating dentition in a young patient treated for aggressive periodontitis. Similar case studies may help eliminate some of the controversy that exists regarding the use of dental implants in aggressive periodontitis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A clinical and radiographic assessment of a porous-surfaced, titanium alloy dental implant system in dogs.

A new endosseous dental implant system incorporating a porous-surface geometry with a tapered, truncated-cone shape was placed bilaterally in edentulous areas of dog mandibles in a two-stage procedure. All implants had been stabilized by bone ingrowth by the time of the second procedure (insertion of a transgingival collar and implant-supported bridge). The transgingival collar had a porous-surface geometry on its apical one-third, and was meant to encourage gingival connective tissue ingrowth and attachment, but in fact provided an excellent milieu for bacterial contamination. As a consequence, many of the implants showed clinical and radiographic signs of impending failure by eight months. Only those implants for which the porous coat, including that of the transgingival collar, was completely submerged in bone were observed to be successful. This study reports on the radiographic and clinical assessment of this implant system in dogs during the period of function.

Alloys↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of osseointegration between hydroxyapatite-coated and uncoated threaded titanium dental implants placed into surgically-created bone defect in rabbit tibia.

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of osseointegration between hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated and uncoated threaded titanium dental implants placed into a surgically created bone defect with or without an expanded polytetrafluorethylene (ePTFE) membrane. A conventional implant site was prepared and either a HA-coated or an uncoated implant was placed in each tibia of 12 rabbits (conventional group). A bone defect approximately 3 mm in width was created on the distal end of the conventional site and either a HA-coated or an uncoated implant was placed there (bone defect group). For another group, the same procedure was performed as in the bone defect group, except the implant sites were covered with ePTFE membranes (ePTFE group). After 4 months, the rabbits were sacrificed. Specimens were prepared and examined histometrically. The results demonstrated that HA-coated threaded titanium dental implants consistently showed a greater amount of osseointegrated surface either in the conventional site or defect region with and without ePTFE membranes in this animal model. In conclusion, a HA-coated threaded titanium implant may be the choice of dental implants to establish greater osseointegration with the defect or conventional site.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Oral squamous cell carcinoma around dental implants.

It is well documented that oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is related to risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption as well as premalignant lesions and conditions such as leukoplakia, oral lichen planus (OLP), and previous malignancy of the upper respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract. Osseointegrated dental implants are rarely reported in association with OSCC. This article presents 2 cases of OSCC adjacent to dental implants in patients at risk for oral cancer--1 was a heavy smoker with OLP; the other had a history of previous oral and colon cancer. Six additional cases of malignancy adjacent to dental implants were retrieved from the literature; the majority of cases had at least 1 recognized risk factor for oral cancer. Although such cases are rarely reported, patients at risk for oral cancer, especially those with multiple existing risk factors, that present with failing dental implants should be thoroughly evaluated to rule out the presence of malignancy disguised as peri-implant disease.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed1997

Veterans Administration Cooperative Dental Implant Study--comparisons between fixed partial dentures supported by blade-vent implants and removable partial dentures. Part V: Comparisons of pretreatment and posttreatment dietary intakes.

PROBLEM: Good scientific evidence is lacking on the impact of improvement in masticatory function after prosthodontic restoration of missing teeth. PURPOSE: This study compares 1-week dietary intakes of 218 healthy, male patients, 111 patients restored with mandibular unilateral or bilateral distal base extension removable partial dentures and 107 patients with fixed partial dentures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Dietary logs recorded before the initiation of treatment and 6-months after the baseline period after partial denture treatment were analyzed for 30 nutritional variables of food intakes including total calories, fats, carbohydrates, proteins, fiber, and a number of vitamins and minerals. RESULTS: Both before and after treatment, intakes of various nutrients were more than 25% above or below the RDAs for approximately half of the patients in both groups. No significant differences were observed between the mean scores of the two groups for any of the 30 variables either before or after treatment. However, beneficial treatment effects were seen in subsets of patients with low and high caloric intakes at entry. Both treatments increased the intakes of calories and 27 nutrients in the low caloric group and decreased the intakes of calories and 27 nutrients in the high caloric group. The decreases in the caloric intake and eight nutrients, including total protein, fat, carbohydrates, and cholesterol, were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the fixed partial denture group than those in the removable partial denture group. CONCLUSIONS: These beneficial effects of partial dentures, if verified by other studies, may have profound clinical implications for the undernourished and obese patients.

Adult↗