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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Amelanotic malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva with local metastasis to the eyelid.

Conjunctival melanomas are uncommon. The amelanotic variety is extremely rare. We describe a patient with an amelanotic melanoma of the superior conjunctiva that was primarily excised, followed by extensive conjunctival resection and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy applied to the tumour bed. Eight months later a local metastatic lesion was noted in the lower eyelid. Eyelid metastasis in conjunctival melanoma is uncommon but may occur owing to the rich lymphatic vasculature within the conjunctiva.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Optimization of methodology and extension of indications for beta therapy of neoplasms of the eyelids, conjunctiva and cornea].

The paper offers a theoretical foundation and results after clinical approbation of the method developed by the authors for beta therapy by enlarged single doses using, if necessary, a speeded-up fractionating and split courses of radiation. Beta therapy was used in 220 patients with tumors of the eye lids, conjunctiva and cornea, single doses of radiation, 40 Gr daily or each other day. By their morphologic type the tumors were mostly malignant epithelial and pigmented new-formations (sarcoma, melanoma). In the follow-up period, from 1 to 6 years, the following results were recorded: the treatment proved effective for epithelial tumors in 97%, melanocytic--in 73%; recurrences appeared in 3%; the number of postradiation complications made up 6.6%, of them disturbances in visual functions--2%: death from metastases in melanoma--8.7% of cases. The proposed method of radiation allowed to increase indications for beta therapy of this pathology to 5-6 mm of the tumor protrusion, to decrease the number of complications and terms of treatment. As a result of computer analysis of clinical results, a new method for calculation of optimal summary doses of beta radiation was worked out, that can be used by practitioners in conducting beta therapy for tumors of the eye lids, conjunctiva and cornea.

Beta Particles↗
PubMed1988

Expected contamination of the orthopedic surgeon's conjunctiva.

Likely contamination of a surgeon's conjunctiva by patients' body fluids is surprisingly frequent. Blood and fat are the most common agents but cellular implantation may occur. Possible contamination was documented in 37 of 60 orthopedic procedures. Power tools, hammering and the use of rongeurs are the main culprits in producing a forced spray most likely to cause contamination. Reduction of the hip at the time of replacement arthroplasty is often associated with propulsion of blood. Not a single case of possible contamination resulted from the pumping action of a severed vessel. Since orthopedic surgeons work in a high-risk environment, safety glasses are recommended to prevent contraction of viral diseases such as hepatitis B and acquired immune deficiency syndrome by way of the conjunctiva. The glasses will also protect the surgeon from bacterial and cellular conjunctival contamination, in addition to preventing physical damage secondary to propelled bone and cement.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1988

Invasion of the guinea pig conjunctiva by Toxoplasma gondii.

Although interactions of Toxoplasma gondii with host cells have been studied extensively in vitro, relatively little is known about the initial interactions of Toxoplasma with mucosal surfaces in vivo. We therefore studied the onset of a Toxoplasma infection in guinea pig conjunctiva. Toxoplasma were inoculated onto the conjunctival epithelium. The tissue was fixed 15 min to 48 hr after inoculation and examined by electron microscopy. Guinea pigs similarly inoculated were maintained in the laboratory for 2 to 8 weeks and tested for antibody by the Toxoplasma dye test. We found that parasites invaded both epithelial and goblet cells within minutes of inoculation. Replication occurred within 4 hr of inoculation and took place mainly in epithelial cells. Within 48 hr, the organisms were found beneath the basal lamina of the epithelium. The host developed an inflammatory response consisting first largely of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and later largely of macrophages. The parasites also replicated in macrophages, showing their ability to evade host defenses in nonimmune animals. Inoculated guinea pigs kept in the laboratory for 8 weeks survived and developed elevated antibody titers against Toxoplasma. The guinea pig conjunctiva is a suitable tissue for studying the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva arising from precancerous melanosis, prognosis and treatment].

A 68-year-old white female with lentigo malignans of the right conjunctiva and lid developed recurrent malignant melanomas of the conjunctiva 16 years after, lesions were treated by local excision and cryotherapy on several occasions. The prognosis of the three different histologic types of malignant melanoma described by Clark: nodular melanoma, superficial spreading melanoma, and lentigo malignans melanoma is discussed. Histologic features associated with the height of the tumor are important factors for prognosis, patients with lentigo malignans melanoma appearing to have a better systemic prognosis than those with superficial spreading or nodular melanoma. Possible therapeutic approaches to this condition are exenteration of the orbit, excision combined with cryotherapy, and excision combined with radiotherapy. The advantages of each of these treatments, and their indications, are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Lichen of the conjunctiva].

Lichen planus may occasionally involve the conjunctiva or other mucous membranes. Three new cases are described. Generally, white ridges appear on the palpebral conjunctiva, histological examination revealing inflammatory infiltration of the basal membrane, which is eroded by the infiltrate. The disease could be more frequent than indicated by the literature, but its treatment is usually disappointing.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Ruthenium 105-applicator for radiation treatment of carcinoma in situ of the cornea and conjunctiva].

Intraepithelial neoplasias of cornea and conjunctiva are rare epibulbar tumors. In this report we describe the cases of two male patients, aged 37 and 80 years, each with histologically confirmed carcinoma in situ of the cornea and conjunctiva affecting one eye. Both carcinomas recurred in spite of complete surgical excision of the tumor. One patient had additional cryotherapy. Both recurrences were treated once with radiotherapy using a conventional 106Ru applicator. The applicator was fixed to the sclera adjacent to the corneal limbus. A 100 Gy radiation dose was delivered with 2mm tissue penetration. No complications were observed post-operatively. The 2-year follow-up examinations showed no further recurrences. Brachytherapy with 106 Ru applicator was thus effective in achieving local tumor control. These findings suggest brachytherapy of the anterior segment using the 106 Ru applicator as the first-line procedure in the early stages of epithelia dysplasia or carcinoma in situ.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Actinic keratosis and dysplasia of the conjunctiva: a clinicopathological study of 45 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize precancerous conjunctival intraepithelial tumours on file at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). DESIGN: Chart review. SETTING: Registry of Ophthalmic Pathology of the AFIP. NUMBERS: Forty-five patients with intraepithelial neoplastic lesions of the conjunctiva followed for at least 2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Extent; papillomatous pattern; degree of parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis and atypia; and amount of solar elastosis. RESULTS: Based on their histologic appearance, 24 cases were classified as actinic keratosis and 21 cases as dysplasia. Clinically, lesions classified as actinic keratosis tended to be focal and leukoplakic, whereas those classified as dysplasia tended to be diffuse and gelatinous. Two of the lesions classified as actinic keratosis recurred, compared with 13 of the lesions classified as dysplasia. In one patient with dysplasia locally invasive squamous cell carcinoma developed after numerous recurrences, requiring orbital exenteration. The degree of atypia was not correlated with recurrence in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Most intraepithelial neoplastic lesions of the conjunctiva can be readily diagnosed by the ophthalmic pathologist as either actinic keratosis or dysplasia.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1995

Epitheloid cell malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva.

Primary malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva is an uncommon neoplasm comprising only 2% of the malignant tumors of the eye. The tumors are usually composed of epitheloid, spindle or mixed cells and classified according to the predominant cells. Recently we encountered a conjunctival malignant melanoma occurring in a man. After full clinical and laboratory investigations, a clinical diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva in the left eye was entertained. The tumor was resected under local anesthesia and upon histological examination, the case was confirmed as a conjunctival malignant melanoma. Approximately one month after resection, orbital exenteration was carried out. The patient was followed-up for more than a year with no signs of metastasis or recurrence.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1996

[Changes in the conjunctiva and cornea in dialyzed patients].

The author examined 119 patients having regular dialyzation treatment and a control group of 90 healthy subjects, divided into groups by decades. Depending on the intensity of pathological changes, they created four categories; the fifth comprised normal findings. The prepared from the bioptic material of the conjunctiva of two patients preparations which were examined for calcium and amyloid deposits. Pathological changes were found in 74.8%. The authors try to explain the cause of conjunctival and corneal changes, consistent with the theory of hastened ageing in chronic renal failure of patients treated by regular haemodialysis. The so far unique findings of amyloid of the conjunctiva could be possibly used in future for the diagnosis of amyloidosis instead biopsies.

Adult↗
PubMed1962

A carrier state of mumps virus in human conjunctiva cells. I. General characteristics.

Mumps virus produced a carrier state in human conjunctiva cells that was maintained for more than 100 subcultures over a period of 3 years. Antiserum in the medium was not required. The virus had little apparent effect on the cells which grew at a rate similar to uninfected control cells. Mumps virus was regularly found in the culture medium at levels about 0.9 log higher than the cell-associated virus. When first tested after 30 subcultures, the virus was found to have lost its cytopathogenicity for cells ordinarily susceptible to mumps virus, but was identifiable as mumps virus by neutralization with specific antiserum. Use of fluorescein-labeled antiserum revealed that 80 to 95 per cent of cells in the carrier cultures contained mumps virus antigen. The antigen was concentrated in a few sharply circumscribed, discrete masses in the cell cytoplasm rather than in many granules throughout the cytoplasm as is characteristic of cell infection by cytopathogenic mumps virus. The carrier cultures were resistant to the destructive effect of a cytopathogenic line of mumps virus, but showed little resistance to the cytopathogenic effect of vesicular stomatitis, Sendai, or Newcastle disease viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

A carrier state of mumps virus in human conjunctiva cells. II. Observations on intercellular transfer of virus and virus release.

Mumps virus in a carrier culture of human conJunctiva cells (C-M cultures) persisted through 5(1/2) months of cultivation in a medium containing sufficient specific antiserum to keep the fluid free of infectious virus. Cells from the C-M cultures were cloned under antiserum with an efficiency equal to control, uninfected cultures (40 to 100 per cent). Of 269 C-M cell clones examined, the cells of 262 contained antigen. Eight infected clones were grown into cultures sufficiently large to demonstrate that they released infectious virus and adsorbed erythrocytes in a manner similar to the original C-M cultures. Two uninfected clones were as susceptible to the effects of a cytopathogenic line of mumps virus as were uninfected control cells. In healthy, growing cultures of C-M cells 0.1 to 1.0 per cent of cells adsorbed erythrocytes to their surfaces, suggesting that these cells were releasing virus. Reduction of serum content of the medium to less than 3 per cent, depletion of the medium, or crowding of cultures resulted in hemadsorption by 50 to 90 per cent of cells and an increase of virus in the medium. In growing cultures hemadsorbing cells did not appear damaged. It was observed that cells could simultaneously exhibit hemadsorption and mitosis.

Antigens↗
PubMed1964

CONJUNCTIVA CONTAINS FACTOR INHIBITING GROWTH OF CANDIDA ALBICANS.

Intact conjunctiva and conjunctival extracts have a strong inhibitory effect upon Candida albicans. The fungistatic effect is not attributable to antimetabolic action and is not caused by lysozyme or tears, neither of which inhibit growth and viability of Candida albicans.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1999

Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the conjunctiva in children.

Benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the conjunctiva occurs infrequently in children, and its presentation, clinical course, and appropriate management are not well established. We describe 2 children with nasal conjunctival masses that on pathological examination demonstrated benign lymphoid hyperplasia. Local irradiation of residual tissue was deferred, and the lesions remained stable for 1 year in one case and for 3 1/2 years in the other case. No systemic involvement had occurred. Although the natural history of extranodal lymphoid hyperplasia in children is poorly documented, most cases of nodal lymphoid hyperplasia in children are at very low risk of malignant transformation. Careful observation for local and systemic disease is indicated for ocular adnexal lymphoid hyperplasia in children until a more complete understanding of its natural history is available.

Antigens, CD20↗
PubMed1975

Müller muscle-conjunctiva resection. Technique for treatment of blepharoptosis.

A new technique for resecting the Müller muscle and the conjunctiva for correction of blepharoptosis has been developed. The operation is performed on all patients in whom a 10% phenylephrine hydrochloride solution instilled in the conjunctival cul-de-sac will elevate the blepharoptotic eyelid to a cosmetically acceptable level. The results of the surgery have been satisfactory in 27 of 28 operated eyelids.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Repair of DNA in xeroderma pigmentosum conjunctiva.

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive disease with tumor formation on sun-exposed areas of the skin and eyes. Cells from most XP patients are deficient in repairing DNA damaged by ultraviolet (UV) light as shown by a reduced rate of tritiated thymidine (3HTdR) incorporation during their DNA repair synthesis. We have studied such repair synthesis in conjunctival cells from an XP patient with a conjunctival epithelioma and from normal cadaver conjunctiva. Cultured conjunctival cells were irradiated with UV light and then incubated with 3HTdR. Autoradiograms were prepared and showed that UV radiation induced a considerably slower rate of DNA repair synthesis in the XP cells than in normal cells. Many of the ocular abnormalities of XP, including tumor formation, may be the result of this defective DNA repair process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The conjunctiva in senile lens exfoliation.

Conjunctival biopsy specimens from both eyes of a series of seven patients with evidence of unilateral senile exfoliation of the lens were examined by electron microscopy. Exfoliation fibers were found in both eyes of each patient. This evidence suggests that the conjunctiva is an independent source of exfoliation that precedes the development of exfoliation in the lens.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Intraocular extension of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva.

The present case report illustrates the clinical and pathologic features of intraocular invasion by squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva. Cytologic study of aqueous humor aspirate is a useful technique for confirming the diagnosis of this unusual route of tumor extension.

Aged↗