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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

A Rorschach comparison of psychopathic and nonpsychopathic conduct disordered adolescents.

Forty-eight male subjects who met the DSM-IV (APA, 1994) criteria for conduct disorder (CD) were assessed for psychopathy level using a modified version of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R, Forth, Hart, & Hare, 1990). Rorschach variables associated with self-perception, affects, and object relations, early behavioral problems and history of violence were compared between psychopathic and nonpsychopathic CD adolescents. Psychopathic CD subjects were significantly more self-centered and violent than nonpsychopathic CD subjects. Decreased attachment and anxiety were found in both CD groups. Our study adds empirical support to the heterogeneity noted among CD adolescents (PCL-R), supports the utility of the Rorschach for detecting individual differences among CD subjects, and extends the empirical work of Gacono and Meloy (1994) to adolescent psychopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

An update on the use of lithium carbonate in aggressive children and adolescents with conduct disorder.

Although some knowledge has been gained concerning indications, therapeutic dose range, and safety of lithium in aggressive children and adolescents with conduct disorder, only a few double-blind and placebo-controlled studies have been conducted. A survey of the literature indicates that the four major studies are in disagreement as to lithium's ability to reduce aggression. Differences in duration of treatment, subject status, and subject selection may account for the differences in results. Methodologic issues that need to be addressed in future clinical trials involving this population are commented on and include the measurement and subtyping of aggression and assessment of psychosocial factors. Such research is needed to establish not only the role and efficacy of lithium in the treatment of aggression but also the effectiveness of this psychoactive agent in clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Heart conduction disorders in acute maprotiline poisoning].

A case is reported of self-poisoning with maprotiline followed by prolonged disorders of intraventricular conduction. The cardiotoxicity of tetracyclic antidepressants was well established, but few cases were reported. Maprotiline pharmacokinetics explained the duration of the cardiovascular side-effects. The severity of maprotiline overdoses should not be underestimated.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Attributional style in clinically depressed and conduct disordered adolescents.

We tested the reformulated learned helplessness theory of depression with adolescent inpatients (N = 63) who were diagnosed by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980) criteria as depressed, or conduct disordered, or both. Adolescents with major depression diagnoses differed from nondepressed adolescents with significantly lower attributional style scores for positive events. The study also evaluated the relation of self-reported depression, anxiety, and social maladjustment to attributional style. Subjects who reported more severe depression had a significantly lower composite score for internal, stable, and global attributions for positive events. The composite of internal, stable, and global attributions for negative events was not significantly related to either diagnosed or self-reported depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the Q wave in leads II, III and aVF. II. Impulse conduction disorders , hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle, pre-excitation, focal and diffuse changes in the cardiac muscle and other causes].

The authors present a brief account of contemporary findings in the literature on the evaluation of the Q wave in the electrocardiogram in leads II, III and aVF in disorders of the conduction of impulses (also combination with focal lesions of the heart muscle), in preexcitation of various extent, in hypertrophy and different focal and diffuse changes of the heart muscle. They mention briefly also other cardiac and extracardiac causes of the development and persistence of the Q wave in leads, II, III, aVF. They reached the main conclusion that isolated evaluation of this phenomenon only from the electrocardiogram can lead to erroneous conclusions, therefore they advocate comprehensive evaluation of the clinical condition of these patients (in indicated cases with extension of the range of ECG examinations by vectorcardiography and mapping of electric potentials of the heart on the body surface; echocardiography and scintigraphy may prove valuable).

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1989

[Conduction disorders in aortic periprosthetic abscesses].

Active infective endocarditis (AIE) involving native and especially prosthetic aortic valve is often complicated by conduction abnormalities. These conduction disturbances are considered to represent extension of infection from the valve to the annulus and surrounding myocardium. The authors report their experience of conduction disorders in 6/8 patients in whom the aortic prosthetic valve infection was complicated by periprosthetic abscess. They underline the importance of conduction abnormalities as early markers of severe complication in patients with AIE. In fact, their detection is a useful tool in revealing severe complications since clinical, laboratory and other noninvasive examinations do not always allow early diagnosis of the extension of infection to the surrounding myocardium.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

[Sudden death in patients with intraventricular conduction disorders in myocardial infarct].

Examination of 900 patients with acute myocardial infarction was carried out, in 110 of them disorders of intraventricular conduction were revealed. Atrioventricular block of grade III-IV developed in 13 patients within the first 3 days of the disease. Nine patients died: asystolia developed in 4 of them, progressive cardiac insufficiency in 3, cardiogenic shock in 1, paroxysm of ventricular tachycardia followed by ventricular fibrillation in 1 patient.

Bundle of His↗
PubMed2006

Efficacy profiles of psychopharmacology: divalproex sodium in conduct disorder.

Little is known about how deeply medication treatment penetrates different levels of the mind/brain system. Psychopathology consists of relatively simple constructs (e.g., anger, irritability), or complex ones (e.g., responsibility). This study examines the efficacy of a specific compound, divalproex sodium (DVPX), on the various levels of psychopathology, utilizing a previous study in which 71 youth with conduct disorder were enrolled in a randomized controlled 7-week clinical trial. We examined weekly slopes of "emotional cognitions" of varying degrees of complexity obtained by Weinberger Adjustment Inventory (WAI), measuring more basic states, such as anger, depression, happiness and anxiety, and complex states, such as impulse control, consideration of others, responsibility and self-esteem. Intent-to-treat analyses showed significant associations between assignment to the active treatment and improvement in depression and impulse control. This is a rare clinical trial, which provides preliminary evidence for the different profiles of efficacy of medication treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Diagnostic consistency in assessing conduct disorder: an experiment on the effect of social context.

The major objective of the diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (see, e.g., the 4th ed., American Psychiatric Association, 1994) has been to achieve better diagnostic consistency. This has proved to be an elusive goal, because the diagnostic criteria and their rules for application can be ambiguous. This study mailed systematically varied case vignettes of conduct disorder to a nationally representative sample of 1,500 mental health clinicians in order to examine the effect of social context on diagnostic consistency. It found that consistency of diagnosis was modest and that it was affected by context and varied by profession.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Boarding and public schools: Navajo educational attainment, conduct disorder, and alcohol dependency.

Many critics of United States government operated boarding schools for American Indians have asserted that the boarding school experience has lasting deleterious effects on personality development. Specifically, it has been suggested that a boarding school education is likely to lead to problems with alcohol in adulthood. To examine that assertion, data from interviews with over 1000 Navajos are analyzed concerning schooling, conduct disorder and the history of alcohol use. Consistent with data on the U.S. population generally, Navajo high school dropouts reported greater problems with alcohol than did graduates. Contrary to expectations, Navajos with a history of alcohol dependency were no more likely to have attended boarding schools than those who did not report patterns of alcohol dependency.

Achievement↗
PubMed1990

Effects of methylphenidate on adolescents with aggressive conduct disorder and ADDH: a preliminary report.

The effect of methylphenidate on aggression in adolescents diagnosed with both aggressive conduct disorder and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity was assessed in nine male adolescents. After three open trials, a placebo controlled double-blind design was used. During methylphenidate treatment of the six double-blind subjects, there was a significant reduction of aggressivity (p's less than 0.05), as measured by the Adolescent Antisocial Behavior Checklist. Conners Teacher Rating Scale Hyperactivity and Aggression scores were in the predicted directions, but the differences were not statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Valvulo-muscular kinetics of the heart in some rhythm and conductivity disorders].

To study the valvulo-muscular kinetics of the heart in the presence of various rhythm and conductivity disorders 20 patients were examined by means of ultrasonic valvulocardiography, electrokimography, oesophagoatriography and rheography. It was found that in cases of left venous ostium stenosis complicated by atrial fibrillation the opening of the mitral valve during the diastole occurs in 0.03--0.04 sec following the beginning of the II sound, and in cases of cardiosclerosis complicated by atrial fibrillation -- in 0.08 sec following the beginning of the II sound of the phonocardiogram. In cases of atrioventricular block, stage I and II, a lagging of the perisystolic signal was noted on the ultrasonic cardiogram after the termination of the P--wave of ECG by 0.02--0.08 sec, with the period of the perisystolic signal growing up to 0.01 sec. In cases of an incomplete atrioventicular block, stage III, the perisystolic signal during the blocked perisystole was found to last as long as 0.18 sec. In cases of complete atrioventricular block the perisystolic signal was found to lagg behind after the termination of the P--wave on ECG by 0.06--0.08 sec. In cases of ventricular extrasystole early movements of the mitral valve were noted, preceeding the extrasystolic complex on ECG by 0.08 sec.

Atrial Fibrillation↗
PubMed1998

Adrenal androgens and aggression in conduct disorder prepubertal boys and normal controls.

BACKGROUND: The evidence for a role of androgens in human aggression is less convincing than in animals. We examined the relationship between androgens and aggression in prepubertal boys who were diagnosed as suffering from severe aggression and antisocial behavior. METHODS: Plasma levels of testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were measured in 15 boys with a conduct disorder (CD) and 25 normal control (NC) boys. Parents and teachers of the children rated the intensity of aggression and delinquency over the last 6 months. RESULTS: CD boys had significantly higher levels of DHEAS and marginally significantly higher levels of A; there were no differences in T. Moreover, DHEAS levels were significantly positively correlated with the intensity of aggression and delinquency as rated by both parents and teachers. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that adrenal androgen functioning plays an important role in the onset and maintenance, of aggression in young boys.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does anxiety mitigate the behavioral expression of severe conduct disorder in delinquent youths?

The purpose of this article is to examine the purported attenuating effects of comorbid anxiety on conduct disturbance in a sample of youths exhibiting severe Conduct Disorder (CD). Further, we examined the differential expression of CD and comorbid anxiety in male and female youths. Seventy-nine incarcerated youths between the ages of 12 and 19 were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. Youths were identified who exhibited CD and CD plus an anxiety disorder. In contrast to previous findings with younger, less seriously disturbed male subjects, no overall differences were found between CD anxious and CD nonanxious youths in terms of age of first offense and overall number and severity of delinquent acts. Moreover, no differences were found between males and females, and gender did not moderate the effects of comorbidity anxiety on outcome measures. Findings suggest purported mitigating effects of anxiety on conduct disturbance may be attenuated in severe forms of CD and support the notion that comorbidity across internalizing and externalizing domains of child and adolescent psychopathology may differentially impact clinical presentation of disordered behavior depending on the severity of externalizing behavioral disturbance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Behavior of conduct disordered children in interaction with each other and with normal peers.

This study investigated the behavior of children with conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder (CD/ODD) in interaction with each other and with normal control (NC) children in a semi-standardized setting over a period of 25 minutes. This short time turned out to be sufficient to demonstrate the behavioral manifestations of CD/ODD in children's interactions with peers. In addition, the role of the interactional partner on antisocial behaviour of CD/ODD children became apparent.

Aggression↗