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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Catheter-related sepsis in the neonate: thinking critically about a persistent problem.

Catheter-related sepsis (CRS) is a clinical problem gaining increasing attention in the literature. Before strategies for reducing the incidence of CRS can be identified, a consistent definition of the problem must be developed. Critical thinking is an intellectual process used to reflect upon a topic of interest. The critical thinking process provides a framework for comprehensive analysis of patient care problems. The article describes the critical thinking process and proposes a model of critical thinking for practicing nurses. This model is applied to the development of comprehensive definitions for CRS that may be used by neonatal nurses for clinical and research purposes.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗
PubMed2024

Metagenome-based diversity and functional analysis of culturable microbes in sugarcane.

UNLABELLED: Sugarcane is a key crop for sugar and energy production, and understanding the diversity of its associated microbes is crucial for optimizing its growth and health. However, there is a lack of thorough investigation and use of microbial resources in sugarcane. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of culturable microbes and their functional features in different tissues and rhizosphere soil of four diverse sugarcane species using metagenomics techniques. The results revealed significant microbial diversity in sugarcane's tissues and rhizosphere soil, including several important biomarker bacterial taxa identified, which are reported to engage in several processes that support plant growth, such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and the production of plant hormones. The Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) studies identified unique microbial communities in different parts of the same sugarcane species, particularly Burkholderia, which exhibited significant variations across the sugarcane species. Microbial analysis of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) indicated that genes related to sucrose metabolism were mostly present in specific bacterial taxa, including Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Paraburkholderia, and Chryseobacterium. This study improves understanding of the diversities and functions of endophytes and rhizosphere soil microbes in sugarcane. Moreover, the approaches and findings of this study provide valuable insights for microbiome research and the use of comparable technologies in other agricultural fields. IMPORTANCE: This work utilized metagenomics techniques for conducting a comprehensive examination of culturable microbes and their functional characteristics in various tissues and rhizosphere soil of four distinct sugarcane species. This study enhances comprehension of the diversity and functions of endophytes and rhizosphere soil microbes in sugarcane. Furthermore, the methodologies and discoveries of this work offer new perspectives for microbiome investigation and the use of similar technologies in other agricultural fields.

Saccharum↗
PubMed1987

A comparative chromosome banding analysis of the Ursidae and their relationship to other carnivores.

Trypsin G-banded karyotypes of eight species of Ursidae were prepared from retrovirus-transformed skin fibroblast cultures. The banding patterns of all bears are highly conserved, even though their diploid numbers range from 42 to 72. A comprehensive analysis of the homologous banding patterns within the Ursidae and with a hypothesized ancestral carnivore karyotype permitted the reconstruction of three significant chromosomal reorganization events that occurred during the evolution of the modern ursids. The first was a multichromosomal fissioning away from the biarmed (2n = 44) primitive carnivore karyotype, leading to six species of the Ursinae subfamily (2n = 78). The second was a comprehensive chromosome fusion in the lineage that led to the Ailuropodinae (giant panda) subfamily (2n = 44). The third event was a second, independent, but less extensive, centromeric fusion occurring in the line that led to the Tremarctinae (spectacled bear) subfamily (2n = 52). Ursidae karyotypes are not only highly conserved within the family but also exhibit extensive chromosome banding homology with other carnivore families.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Molecular characterization and interstrain variability of pHPS1, a plasmid isolated from the Sydney strain (SS1) of Helicobacter pylori.

The 5846-bp circular plasmid pHPS1 of Helicobacter pylori Sydney strain, SS1, was cloned, sequenced, and structurally characterized. The SS1 strain is widely used in animal studies of H. pylori infection. The sequence of pHPS1 revealed three open reading frames (ORFs), all of which are transcribed. Two ORFs encode putative plasmid replication proteins, RepA and RepB, similar to replicases resident on theta plasmids. In contrast, the function of ORF2 remains cryptic due to the absence of sequence similarity with any known protein in sequence databases. In addition, species specificity of these three coding regions was shown using DNA dot blot hybridization in 57 diverse clinical H. pylori isolates and 32 Helicobacter and Campylobacter strains. RepA appears to be the predominant plasmid replication protein of H. pylori and the deduced amino acid sequence was highly conserved (76-96%) in 8 H. pylori isolates, including SS1. RepB was detected in 3 H. pylori isolates examined in this study, 2 of which possess only the repB gene. Analysis of the protein sequences of these two replicases, together with previously characterized H. pylori plasmid replication proteins, supports the formation of a distinct class of H. pylori plasmid proteins. Moreover, comprehensive analysis of the whole genome sequence of H. pylori strain 26695, pHPS1, and other H. pylori plasmid sequences that are available revealed interesting insights as to the occurrence of plasmid-mediated recombination within H. pylori. Common regions between plasmids and chromosome sequences of H. pylori were identified in this study which could only have arisen by genetic recombination, thus providing the first line of evidence, albeit indirectly, of the contribution of H. pylori plasmids in generating an extensive genetic heterogeneity characteristic of this important gastroduodenal pathogen.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1999

DNA chip technology ante portas.

The recent popularity of DNA chip technology has been fostered by the increasing demand for new diagnostic tools which allow the simultaneous analysis of large numbers of nucleic acid hybridization experiments in a timely fashion. The development of DNA chip-based assays has been strongly driven by modern approaches aiming at the comprehensive analysis of multiple gene mutations and expressed sequences. The broad range of current DNA chip applications include the detection of pathogens, the measurement of differences in the expression of genes between different cell populations, and the analysis of genomic alterations such as sequence and copy number alterations in disease-related genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms. We present an overview of the impact of DNA chip technology on the field of molecular medicine and discuss developments that can be expected in the near future.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiologic studies demonstrating increased morning incidence of sudden cardiac death.

To determine if sudden cardiac death shows a circadian variation, the mortality records of the Massachusetts population and the Framingham Heart Study were analyzed. The Massachusetts mortality data analysis revealed an increased morning incidence for out-of-hospital cardiac deaths similar to that previously described for nonfatal myocardial infarction. The records of the Framingham Heart Study allowed more comprehensive analysis of the time of sudden cardiac death. In this study, a prominent circadian variation was also identified in which frequency of sudden cardiac death increased sharply between 6 A.M. and 9 P.M.; distribution was fairly even throughout the rest of the day. This circadian pattern may be explained in part by physiologic changes that increase the likelihood of ventricular fibrillation or increase the risk of thrombosis in the morning hours. The possible role of the morning increase in physical and mental activity as a trigger of sudden cardiac death requires further investigation.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of neuroblastoma: analysis of a single institution.

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma is the fourth most frequent cancer among all pediatric neoplasms Epidemiological studies may shed more light on the disease and aid in improving treatment of patients with neuroblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Epidemiology data are presented for 333 children with neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma and 11 children with ganglioneuroma who were treated at the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw, Poland, from 1962 to 1996. RESULTS: Analysis of the stage of the disease, age, sex and survival of children with neuroblastoma demonstrated comparable distribution of good and intermediate stages versus the stages with a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive analysis of epidemiological data on the stage of cancer, age, sex and survival in patients with neuroblastoma provides a basis for better prognosis of the disease and cost-efficient treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The problems of the rational use of the medical staff in industrial health care complexes.

The awareness of resources scarcity in the occupational health care makes one analyze allocation in the selected institutions of occupational health service in Poland. The principal issue was to find out the differentiation in medical staff use and the costs involved. Such conclusions resulting from inputs and outputs evaluation are expected to be a basis for economic rationalization of resources allocation. An attempt to make such analysis has been made in Industrial Health Care Complexes (IHCCs) in Poland. Mainly, the costs of work of medical staff have been considered as an element of wider empirical study and comprehensive analysis of resources usage.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1999

Prevalent expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors and FGF2 in human tumor cell lines.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) has potent mitogenic and angiogenic activities that have been implicated in tumor development and malignant progression. The biological effects of FGF2 and other members of the FGF ligand family are mediated by 4 transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFRs). To better understand the roles of FGFRs in cancer, the expression of FGF2 and each of the 4 FGFRs was assessed by RNase protection analysis of 60 human tumor cell lines, representing 9 tumor types. Expression of at least one FGFR isoform was detected in 90% and FGF2 mRNA in 35% of the cell lines. Our comprehensive analysis of FGF2 and FGFR expression in human tumor cell lines provides evidence that FGF signaling pathways are active in a majority of human tumor cell lines, and lends support to the development of anti-tumor strategies that target FGFRs.

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2↗
PubMed1998

An analysis of the concept of countertransference.

A knowledge of countertransference is a necessary step in using it therapeutically in the nurse-patient relationship. However, this concept, which has its roots in psychoanalytic theory, has been applied to nurses and nursing situations in an unhelpful and ambiguous manner. In fact, the term is often used to denigrate nurses without providing clarity as to what the components of countertransference are and how they might be understood and used therapeutically. As such, it is necessary to delineate the meaning of countertransference in its entirely as a concept suitable for nursing practice. Positive countertransference, negative countertransference, and empathy are the composite parts of the concept of countertransference. Through concept analysis, by using methods outlined by Rodgers (1989), Journal of Advanced Nursing, 14, 330-335, it is suggested that countertransference is an inescapable factor in the nurse-patient relationship. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the concept of countertransference will assist nurses in recognizing it when it occurs and may enhance the use of the understanding gained to the benefit of the nurse-patient relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

13C-methacetin breath test parameter S for liver diseases diagnosis.

The mechanism of 13C-methacetin breath test is set forth clearly with the analysis of pharmacokinetics mode, and the measuring method of 13C-methacetin breath test and its clinical applications in the diagnosis of liver diseases are reported in detail. On the basis of comprehensive analysis of the clinical test data, the advanced diagnostic parameter S is of important significance for the application and development of breath test.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1997

Analysis of protein domain families in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The Caenorhabditis elegans genome sequencing project has completed over half of this nematode's 100-Mb genome. Proteins predicted in the finished sequence have been compiled and released in the data-base Wormpep. Presented here is a comprehensive analysis of protein domain families in Wormpep 11, which comprises 7299 proteins. The relative abundance of common protein domain families was counted by comparing all Wormpep proteins to the Pfam collection of protein families, which is based on recognition by hidden Markov models. This analysis also identified a number of previously unannotated domains. To investigate new apparently nematode-specific protein families, Wormpep was clustered into domain families on the basis of sequence similarity using the Domainer program. The largest clusters that lacked clear homology to proteins outside Nematoda were analyzed in further detail, after which some could be assigned a putative function. We compared all proteins in Wormpep 11 to proteins in the human, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Haemophilus influenzae genomes. Among the results are the estimation that over two-thirds of the currently known human proteins are likely to have a homologue in the whole C. elegans genome and that a significant number of proteins are well conserved between C. elegans and H. influenzae, that are not found in S. cerevisiae.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2026

Identification of Freezing-Responsive microRNAs and Their Targets in Chinese Jujube by Small RNA and Degradome Sequencing.

The jujube tree fruit remains a primary fruit in northern China, yet its geographical distribution and yield are significantly constrained by freezing stress during winter. Numerous studies have highlighted the pivotal regulatory function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plant responses to low-temperature stress. Nevertheless, the specific miRNAs involved in the response to low temperatures and their associated gene networks in Ziziphus jujuba Mill are not well understood. In this investigation, we utilized high-throughput sequencing to analyze small RNA libraries from branches subjected to temperatures of 4 °C and -30 °C. Our analysis identified a total of 342 miRNAs, comprising 123 known miRNAs and 219 novel miRNAs. The differential expression analysis revealed that under low-temperature conditions, 177 miRNAs underwent significant changes. Among them, specific upregulation of miR319 in the less cold-resistant variety and miR6483 in sensitive variety was observed. By employing degradome sequencing, we identified a total of 1551 target genes corresponding to 3059 unique miRNA target interaction pairs involving 299 miRNAs. Functional analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways indicated that these target genes are primarily associated with transcriptional regulation, metabolic pathways, and genetic information processing. Through a comprehensive analysis, we pinpointed 11 genes corresponding to 9 miRNAs that are implicated in jujube tree cold stress, and 7 target genes of 7 miRNAs were confirmed by 5'-RACE analysis. These miRNAs are likely to exert crucial regulatory functions in the context of jujube tree cold stress. This study is the first to systematically identify miRNAs and their target genes in the response of Ziziphus jujuba Mill to low-temperature stress, which provides important resources for in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanism of jujube tree cold resistance and for cold-resistant breeding.

Ziziphus↗
PubMed1996

Characterization of arterial hemodynamics in rats with established hypertension.

In long-term hypertension, hemodynamic alterations are associated with functional and structural changes in the cardiovascular system. The technique of arterial impedance spectral analysis has long been used to characterize the arterial hemodynamics of steady and pulsatile components in human hypertension. Although rats with spontaneous hypertension (SHR) are the most common model for studies of primary hypertension, characterization of complete hemodynamic parameters has not been accomplished in this animal model. In the present experiment, aortic flow and pressure waves were recorded in anesthetized, open-chest and ventilated rats. Arterial impedance spectral analysis was employed to obtain steady and pulsatile hemodynamic parameters. A total of 26 SHRs (22-24 wk) and 22 age-matched normotensive WKYs was used. The purpose was to provide a comprehensive analysis of arterial hemodynamics in rats with established hypertension. The SHR had higher arterial pressure (50% increase over the control) than WKY. The total peripheral resistance was elevated by 57%. Stroke volume was decreased by 23% and heart rate increased by 18% without a significant change in cardiac output. The characteristic impedance was increased by 43%, while arterial compliance was decreased by 52%. There were also big rises in ventricular work and wave reflection. The results provide quantitative analysis of the alteration in arterial hemodynamics of steady and pulsatile components in rats with established hypertension. In long-term hypertension, the hemodynamics reflect functional abnormalities in the resistance and Windkessel vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in individual rat brain nuclei.

Previous studies have used new angiotensin II (AII) receptor subtype selective compounds to localize AII receptor subtypes within discrete rat brain nuclei. The purpose of this autoradiographic study was to extend these preliminary findings and provide a comprehensive analysis of AII binding sites in 22 rat brain nuclei and the anterior pituitary, to include estimates of the binding affinity for 125I sar1 ile8 AII (125I SIAII) at each nucleus, and determine the fractional distribution of each subtype at each nucleus. Estimates of KD in separate experiments revealed that AT1 nuclei had a consistently higher affinity for 125I SIAII than AT2 nuclei (0.66 vs. 2.55 nM). Displacement of subsaturating concentrations of 125I SIAII by 10(-8)-10(-4) M DuP753 (selective for the AT1 subtype) or PD123177 (selective for the AT2 subtype) indicated that approximately half of the brain regions surveyed contained predominantly AT1 sites and half contained predominantly AT2 sites. Binding was partially displaced by both compounds in several regions and two site analyses were performed to estimate the distribution of subtypes within each nucleus. The data were then corrected for differential occupancy by 125I SIAII. Brain nuclei associated with cardiovascular or dipsogenic actions of AII, e.g., subfornical organ, organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, median preoptic nucleus, nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema, contained pure, or almost pure, populations of AT1 receptors. The functions of AII in brain regions containing predominantly AT2 binding sites, e.g., thalamus, colliculi, inferior olive and locus ceruleus, remain undefined. Thus, AII binding sites in the rat brain have been differentiated into two subtypes with similar characteristics to those reported in peripheral tissues. However, the unexpected finding that they can be differentiated on the basis of their affinity for 125I SIAII raises questions concerning their coidentity with peripheral receptor subtypes.

1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2000

Cost analysis of an adult outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) programme. A Canadian teaching hospital and Ministry of Health perspective.

BACKGROUND: Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) programmes have become prevalent over the past 2 decades. From the US perspective, these programmes have been shown to reduce healthcare costs. No comprehensive analysis has been published from the Canadian perspective. OBJECTIVE: To describe a Canadian OPAT programme for the 3-year period since its inception and to conduct a treatment cost analysis. DESIGN AND METHODS: Demographics and resource utilisation data (health professional labour, laboratory and diagnostic tests, antimicrobials, delivery, home nursing care, catheters and catheter placement) were prospectively collected for enrollees in the OPAT programme over the evaluation period. Avoided hospital resource utilisation was estimated via retrospective chart review by the investigators. Costs were retrospectively assigned to each resource and total cost avoidance by the OPAT programme was determined from each perspective. PERSPECTIVE: A teaching hospital and a provincial Ministry of Health (MOH). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: 140 treatment courses were initiated for 117 adult patients (mean age 54 years) who were enrolled into the programme. Mean pre-OPAT length of hospital stay was 12 days, and mean OPAT duration was 22.5 days. Bone/joint (39%), skin and soft tissue (16%), cardiac (13%) and respiratory tract (12%) infections were the most common infections managed. The most commonly used antimicrobials were vancomycin (29%), cloxacillin +/- gentamicin (22%) and ceftriaxone +/- gentamicin (11%) 85% of enrollees successfully completed their planned antimicrobial treatment regimens. Premature discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy for various reasons occurred in the remaining 15% of courses. The mean cost per treatment course of OPAT was 1910 Canadian dollars ($Can) from the hospital perspective and $Can6326 from the MOH perspective. Assuming that patients would have otherwise completed their antimicrobial therapy in hospital, the mean cost per treatment course was estimated to be $Can14,271. The overall cost avoidance of the OPAT programme was $Can1,730,520 (hospital perspective) and $Can1,009,450 (MOH perspective) over the 3-year assessment period. Sensitivity analyses revealed the results to be robust to plausible changes. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis supports the premise that an adult OPAT programme can substantially reduce healthcare costs in the Canadian healthcare setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The identification and characterization of microsatellites in the compact genome of the Japanese pufferfish, Fugu rubripes: perspectives in functional and comparative genomic analyses.

Fugu rubripes (Fugu) has one of the smallest recorded vertebrate genomes and is an economic tool for comparative DNA sequence analysis. Initial characterization of 128 kb of Fugu DNA attributed the compactness of this genome, in part, to a sparseness of repetitive DNA sequence compared with mammalian genomic sequences. This paper describes a new and comprehensive analysis in which 501 theoretically possible microsatellites with a repeat unit of one to six bases were used to query two orders of magnitude more Fugu DNA (i.e. 11.338 Mb). A total of 6042 microsatellites were identified and categorized. In decreasing order, the 20 most frequently occurring microsatellites are AC, A, C, AGG, AG, AGC, AAT, AAAT, ACAG, ACGC, ATCC, AAC, ATC, AGGG, AAAG, AAG, AAAC, AT, CCG and TTAGGG. The 20 most frequently occurring microsatellites represent 81.79% of all microsatellites identified. Our results indicate that one microsatellite occurs every 1.876 kb of DNA in Fugu, 11.55% of the microsatellites are detected in open reading frames that are predicted protein coding regions. With respect to the proportion of microsatellites present in open reading frames and the total abundance (bp) of all microsatellites, the genome of Fugu is similar to the genome of many other vertebrate species. Previous estimates performed indicate that approximately 1% of many vertebrate genomes are comprized of microsatellite sequences. However, many differences prevail in the abundance and frequency of the individual microsatellite classes. Many of the frequently occurring microsatellites in Fugu are known to code in other species for regions in proteins such as transcription factors, whilst others are associated with known functions, such as transcription factor binding sites and form part of promoter regions in DNA sequences of genes. Therefore, it is likely that such repeats in genomes have a role in the evolution of genes, regulation of gene expression and consequently the evolution of species.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

A genome-wide analysis of the shared genetic risk architecture of complex neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Although neurological and psychiatric disorders have historically been considered to reflect distinct pathogenic entities, recent findings suggest shared pathophysiological mechanisms. However, the extent to which these heritable disorders share genetic influences remains unclear. Here we performed a comprehensive analysis of genome-wide association study data, involving nearly 1 million cases across ten neurological diseases and ten psychiatric disorders, to compare their common genetic signal and biological associations. Using complementary statistical tools, we demonstrate that a large set of common genetic variants impacts the risk of multiple neurological and psychiatric disorders, even in the absence of genetic correlations. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies on psychiatric disorders consistently implicate neuronal biology, whereas neurological diseases are associated with diverse neurobiological processes. Together, this study elucidates the genetic relationship between complex neurological and psychiatric disorders, indicating a larger degree of genetic pleiotropy than previously recognized. The findings have implications for disease classification, precision medicine and clinical practice.

Humans↗