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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Parental mental illness and psychiatric disorders in "at risk" children.

Data are reported from psychiatric evaluations of a large group of communication disordered children and their parents who presented to a community speech clinic. Systematic psychiatric evaluations involving the use of standardized interviews, questionnaires, and DSM-III diagnostic criteria reveal that approximately 50% of the children have definable DSM-III psychiatric disorders and approximately the same percentage of children have at least one psychiatrically ill parent. Comparisons of children with psychiatrically ill parents and children with psychiatrically well parents show that parental psychiatric disorder is associated with increased psychopathology in the children. However, other factors, particularly psychosocial stress, are more strongly correlated with the presence of childhood psychopathology. There are few correlations between the types of parental psychiatric disorders and the types of childhood disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

(S)-emopamil, a novel calcium and serotonin antagonist for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. 1st communication: pharmacological profile.

(S)-Emopamil ((2S)-2-isopropyl-5-(methylphenethylamino)-2-phenylvaleronitril e hydrochloride) is a novel compound of the phenylalkylamine group of calcium antagonists. (S)-Emopamil was tested in comparison to verapamil and gallopamil for calcium and serotonin antagonism and for cerebroprotective activity in acute hypoxia/ischemia. In receptor binding studies with (S)-3H-devapamil, (S)-emopamil exhibited distinct affinity to the verapamil binding site of the calcium channel. In rat cerebrocortical membranes, its affinity (Ki = 38 nmol/l) equalled that of verapamil and gallopamil (Ki = 49 and 27 nmol/l, respectively), whereas it was somewhat weaker in guinea pig skeletal muscle membranes. Comparing (S)-emopamil to its (R)-enantiomer, there was no clear stereoselectivity. Additionally, (S)-emopamil showed very high affinity to the cerebral serotonin S2 receptor; its Ki value (4.4 nmol/l) for 3H-ketanserin displacement being substantially lower than that of verapamil and gallopamil (Ki = 177 and 242 nmol/l, respectively). This feature is clearly stereoselective; (S)-emopamil's affinity was distinctly higher than that of the (R)-enantiomer (Ki = 58 nmol/l). The functional significance of (S)-emopamil's receptor affinity was tested in rat aortic strips. (S)-Emopamil's serotonin antagonistic efficacy (EC50 = 4.5 nmol/l) was an order of magnitude higher than that of verapamil and gallopamil. (S)-Emopamil has a less potent calcium antagonistic effect (EC50 = 270 nmol/l) on the aorta than verapamil and gallopamil (EC50 = 35 and 14 nmol/l, respectively). In isolated electrically driven (1 Hz) left atria of guinea pigs, (S)-emopamil inhibited contractile force at a much higher concentration (EC50 = 29 mumol/l) than verapamil and gallopamil (EC50 = 1.1 and 0.19 mumol/l, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of speech and language disorders on raters' perceptions.

Using semantic differential scales with nine trait pairs, 465 students at two universities rated five descriptions, one portraying an individual without a disorder and four depicting communicative disorders. Statistical analyses indicated that the descriptions with no disorder and with a language disorder were rated significantly lower in ambition than those depicting stuttering, voice, or articulation disorders. Other differences emerged when the raters were divided by geographical location and age. Location was a significant factor in the responses for the traits of social adjustment, employability, and ambition. Age of respondent correlated significantly with ratings of tension and employability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Communication, functional disorders and lifestyle changes after total laryngectomy.

Functional changes after total laryngectomy, including voice quality, hyposmia and dysgeusia, nasal discharge, swallowing and smoking habits were studied by means of a structured interview with 63 laryngectomized patients. Eighty per cent of the patients reported that they were satisfied with the quality of their voice including speaking on the telephone. Significant correlations were found between the quality of the voice and fatigue, frequency of making telephone calls and anxiety about speaking (P < 0.01). Vocal rehabilitation was achieved in the majority of patients (78%) with the indwelling Provox voice prosthesis. Forty-five per cent of the patients complained about annoying eructation. Hyposmia was reported by 52% of the patients, while 15% experienced dysgeusia. A significant correlation was found between hyposmia and dysgeusia (R = 0.43, P < 0.001). All patients with a taste problem also reported a poor sense of smell. Daily nasal discharge was reported by 38% of the patients. Due to difficulties in swallowing solid food, about one quarter of the patients changed their diet. All but one patient had been heavy smokers pre-operatively. Only 9% continued to smoke post-operatively. These results, along with the previously reported respiratory problems resulting from total laryngectomy, should be taken into account in counselling patients who are candidates for this surgical procedure.

Aged↗