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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Serous detachment of the ciliary body in Harada disease.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the involvement of the anterior ocular segment in Harada disease. METHODS: In a prospective study, ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed in 18 consecutive eyes of nine patients with Harada disease in its acute phase before and after onset of systemic corticosteroid therapy. Examination was repeated every 3 days until the resolution of serous retinal detachment. RESULTS: Serous detachment of the ciliary body was present in 11 (61%) of 18 eyes before treatment. The circumference of the ciliary body was detached in 10 of the 11 eyes. The height of ciliary detachment ranged from 20% to 250% of the scleral thickness. Ciliary detachment was more prominent in eyes with more extensive retinal detachment. There was no relation between the frequency of ciliary detachment and the severity of iritis. On day 3 of treatment, ciliary detachment had disappeared in seven eyes. In the other four eyes, it diminished in height to less than 10% of scleral thickness. Retinal detachment disappeared on days 6 through 17 (mean, day 11) of treatment. Two eyes of one patient showed very shallow anterior chambers. These eyes showed high ciliary detachment at 250% of scleral thickness. In another patient, both eyes developed -5.0 diopters of transient myopia. CONCLUSION: Ciliary detachment was a frequent finding in the acute stage of Harada disease. Its resolution was more prompt than that of serous retinal detachment after treatment. Ciliary detachment may be related to the development of a shallow anterior chamber.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Adenoma of the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body.

A 56-year-old man presented with a left ciliary body mass, anterior vitreous hemorrhage and a subluxed, cataractous lens. The clinical course included rapid enlargement of the mass, anterior uveitis, cataract progression and secondary glaucoma. Investigation included fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography and computed tomography. The eye was enucleated because of progressive enlargement with poor vision and uncontrolled secondary glaucoma. Histopathological examination showed an adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium with cystic areas of hyaluronidase-sensitive acid mucopolysaccharide. The mass distorted the iris, occluded the angle structures and produced a complete cataract. The basement membrane of the adjacent ciliary processes was extensively thickened. The authors discuss the clinical association with vitreous hemorrhage and the local damage caused by this benign tumour.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1980

Mechanical behavior of the iris-lens-zonule-ciliary body system.

The mechanical behavior of athe iris-lens-zonule-ciliary body (ILZC) system under intraocular pressure variations, measured with Scan A, is studied on a series of 20 rabbit eyes. The experiments indicate that the ILZC system behaves like a partition between the anterior and vitreous chambers and not like a supporting structural member. The observed behavior is related to previous clinical observations and to the biostructural model of the eye described in a previous paper by the authors.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[The macro-microscopic anatomy and topography of the area of the ciliary body in different segments of the eyeball].

Differences in parameters of ciliary body and Schlemm's canal in different meridians of the eyeball has been described using histotopographic methods on 20 eyeballs of human corpses. Circular stripe of sclera with the width to 2.1 mm from limb was a point of projection of Schlemm's canal, iridocorneal and iridociliary angles on the sclera surface. The projection of denticulate line was variable in limits of 1.6 mm to 5.5 mm from limb.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Silicone oil tamponade in the management of severe hemorrhagic detachment of the choroid and ciliary body after surgical trauma.

Eight patients with massive hemorrhagic choroidal and ciliary body detachment after surgical trauma leading to all signs of a beginning phthisis bulbi have been treated by means of silicone oil tamponade in conjunction with multiple subchoroidal drainage and vitrectomy. Almost complete reattachment of the retina and choroid was achieved in all eyes accompanied by improvement of visual function. However, hypotony was persistent in 3 eyes. Two eyes with postoperative hypotony worsened dramatically after silicone oil removal. After silicone refilling both eyes markedly recovered within 6 and 8 weeks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of muscarine receptors in rabbit ciliary body smooth muscle using propylbenzilylcholine mustard.

1. A piece of rabbit ciliary body was mounted in organ bath and used as a test organ containing muscarine receptors. 2. A concentration response curve of carbachol was completely inhibited by a 50 min treatment of the smooth muscle preparation with propylbenzilylcholine mustard(PrBCM; 10(-6) M). This treatment was reported to block PrBCM-sensitive muscarine receptors in intestinal smooth muscle completely. 3. It is suggested that an existance of only PrBCM-sensitive muscarinic receptors, though there are two subtypes of muscarine receptors; PrBCM-sensitive and -resistant ones in intestinal smooth muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Nuclear translocation of the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor in the iris--ciliary body of the rabbit.

The cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor of the iris--ciliary body of the rabbit has been shown to translocate to the cell nucleus within 30 min of an injection of cortisol. Over the next 2 1/2 hr the amount of receptor returns to the control value. The threshold of the loss of receptor from the cytosol was found at 0.04 mg of cortisol per kilogram body weight, with a maximal loss being reached at a cortisol dose of 0.5 mg/kg B.W. The inactive glucocorticoid tetrahydrocortisol and the major sex steroids, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, and progesterone, had little or no effect on this translocation, indicating the specificity of the cortisol effect. Thus this receptor appears to migrate to the cell nucleus in a manner similar to that found in other steroid-sensitive tissues and is consistent with the accepted mechanism whereby these hormones regulate differential gene expression in the nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body in black patients.

In a retrospective study of choroidal and ciliary body malignant melanomas in black patients, we found that the death rates due to metastatic melanoma after enucleation were equivalent for 39 blacks and 3,339 whites. When compared with a control group of whites, it was found that blacks were more likely to have secondary glaucoma and inflammation prior to enucleation. Of the histopathologic features analyzed, the presence of necrosis or mixed or epithelioid type cells within the tumor was associated with increased mortality in blacks. The histopathologic features of malignant melanomas in blacks and whites were similar, except that tumor necrosis and heavy pigmentation were found more frequently in tumors of blacks.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1989

Voltage-activated currents recorded from rabbit pigmented ciliary body epithelial cells in culture.

1. The whole-cell recording mode of the patch-clamp technique was used to investigate the presence of voltage-activated currents in the isolated pigmented cells from the rabbit ciliary body epithelium grown in culture. 2. In Ringer solution with composition similar to that of the rabbit aqueous humour, depolarizing voltage steps activated a transient inward current and a delayed outward current, while hyperpolarization elicited an inwardly rectified current. 3. The depolarization-activated inward current was mainly carried by Na+ and was blocked by submicromolar concentrations of tetrodotoxin. This current in many cells was sufficiently large to produce a regenerative Na+ spike. 4. The depolarization-activated outward current was carried by K+ and blocked by external TEA and Ba2+. Its activation appeared to be Ca2(+)-independent. 5. The hyperpolarization-activated inward current was almost exclusively carried by K+ and was blocked by Ba2+ and Cs+. For large hyperpolarizations below -120 mV, this current exhibited a biphasic activation with a fast transient peak followed by a slower sag, that appeared to be due to K+ depletion. 6. The voltage-dependent K+ conductances probably act to stabilize the cell membrane resting potential and may also play a role in ion transport. The function of the Na(+)-dependent inward current is unclear, but it may permit the electrically coupled epithelial cells of the ciliary body to conduct propagated action potentials.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1989

[Traumatic myopia due to ciliary body detachment].

A 20-year-old man developed myopia immediately after blunt trauma to the eye. The main finding was a shallow anterior chamber. Ultrasonography revealed anterior displacement of the iris lens diaphragm without change in lens thickness or axial length of the eye. After 1 week intraocular pressure decreased to a very low level, and edema of the optic disc and macula developed. Since hypotony and shallowness of the anterior chamber persisted for many months, we assume the cause to be detachment of the ciliary body. This is an uncommon mechanism for traumatic myopia, spasm of the ciliary body being more common.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The ciliary body and the suspension of the lens in rabbits. A scanning electron microscopy study.

The ciliary body in rabbits is dominated by the ciliary processes, which number about 165. Most of them are straight, regularly spaced and uniformly shaped, and they have an even surface when seen at low magnification. They are separated by deep valleys with almost vertical sides. Anteriorly, the ciliary processes end abruptly, and about every second process leads into an iridial process which run radially along the posterior surface of the iris. At higher magnification, the individual cells can be seen to be demarcated by furrows, with a pattern which is specific for the different parts of the surfaces studied. The lens is suspended in innumerable zonular fibers, forming a rather thick mat. They attach in one continuous belt at the anterior end of the ciliary processes, and directly on the lens equator. The anatomy of this part the rabbit eye differs in many respects from that found in primates.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of adrenergic agonists on eicosanoid output from isolated rabbit choroid plexus and iris-ciliary body.

Prostanoid production by rabbit choroid plexus (CP) and iris-ciliary body (ICB), and the effects of adrenergic agonists thereon, were studied in vitro. Immunoreactive prostaglandin (PG) E2 was the major prostanoid released by both tissues; the output from ICB was some two orders of magnitude greater than from CP. Immunoreactive 6-keto PGF1 alpha and thromboxane (TX) B2, the dehydration products of prostacyclin and TXA2, respectively, were detected in smaller quantities. Epinephrine stimulated the outputs of PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha, but not of TXB2, from both tissues. ICB responded to epinephrine concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-5), while only 10(-4) was effective in stimulating prostanoid synthesis in the CP. Phenylephrine, an adrenergic agonist, stimulated prostanoid output from the ICB, but not from the CP. It is concluded that adrenergic mechanisms stimulate the biosynthesis of prostanoids in the rabbit CP and ICB. The implications of such interactions to aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, or to other processes in brain and ocular physiology, are discussed.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1992

Effects of lofexidine, an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist, on ocular blood flow and ion transport of rabbit iris-ciliary body.

The effect of topical unilateral application of lofexidine, an alpha 2-agonist, on ocular regional blood flow was tested in anesthetized rabbits using radiolabeled microspheres. A significant reduction in blood flow was found only in the ciliary body of the treated eye at 1 hr after lofexidine treatment. However, the IOP of both eyes was decreased significantly at 30 and 60 min post lofexidine treatment. Yohimbine (i.v.) blocked this IOP lowering effect, but only partially prevented the blood flow response. In addition, no significant difference was found in either basal or amphotericin-B stimulated short-circuit current or potential difference of the isolated rabbit iris-ciliary body after 30 minutes of lofexidine treatment. These observations suggest that the IOP lowering effect of lofexidine appears to be mediated by alpha 2-receptors but unrelated to the reduction in the ocular blood flow and net electrogenic ion transport.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1996

Ca2+ mobilization and interlayer signal transfer in the heterocellular bilayered epithelium of the rabbit ciliary body.

1. 'Ratiometric' fura-2 methodology in slice preparations and 'intensitometric' fluo-3 measurements of confocal images were used to simultaneously monitor Ca2+ mobilization in the two distinct, apically joined cell layers which constitute the ciliary body epithelium (CBE): the non-pigmented (NPE) and pigmented (PE) epithelia. 2. Both methods yielded comparable results regarding Ca2+ responses in the syncytium upon stimulation with adrenergic and cholinergic agonists. 3. The alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine elicited a moderate [Ca2+]i increase in the PE, whereas NPE [Ca2+]i remained unchanged or exhibited a slight diminution. 4. In combination with carbachol, the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist brimonidine elicited large Ca2+ increases (> 10-fold) in both the NPE and PE cell layers, even though previous studies indicated the absence of an alpha 2-adrenergic effect on [Ca2+]i in the PE. The onset, as well as the peak of the Ca2+ responses in PE cells frequently exhibited a small delay with respect to adjacent NPE cells. No such time difference was observed between adjacent NPE cells. 5. Pre-incubation of the ciliary body in Ca(2+)-free solution under conditions known to elicit overt NPE-PE separation abolished the alpha 2-adrenocholinergic response in the PE. 6. Addition of heptanol to the perfusate, to block gap-junctional communication, caused a small [Ca2+]i decrease in the NPE and a slight increase in PE[Ca2+]i. Subsequently, the Ca2+ mobilization in the Pe in response to the brimonidine and carbachol combination was either blocked or showed a substantial delay. The Ca2+ mobilization in the NPE, in contrast, remained unchanged. 7. We conclude that the heterocellular syncytium exhibits rectificatory behaviour with respect to Ca2+ mobilization; responses originating within the NPE are easily transferred to the PE, while the reverse does not occur.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1986

Selective and reversible breakdown of the tight junctional barrier in the rabbit ciliary body induced by arachidonic acid. A tracer and freeze-fracture study.

Arachidonic acid induced a reversible breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier in the iridial processes of the rabbit ciliary body, whereas the ciliary processes were not affected under the conditions of this study. The focal passage of horseradish peroxidase through the tight junctions was demonstrated. In freeze-fracture images, this breakdown of the barrier function was associated with focal changes: an alteration in the geometry of the tight junctional network; an increase in the number of discontinuities of the P-face ridges and particles and short bars in the E-face furrows; an increase in the density of intramembranous particles within the junctional area. The significance of the ultrastructural alterations of the tight junctions as a structural counterpart of the physiological changes is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Efficacy of latanoprost in patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma and no visible ciliary-body face: a preliminary study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 0.005% latanoprost in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) and no visible ciliary-body face. Fourteen eyes of 14 Korean patients with CACG with 360 degrees of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) and an IOP greater than 21 mmHg without medication were treated with 0.005% latanoprost once-daily. All patients completed 3 months of treatment with latanoprost. The IOP, which was 30.3 +/- 4.5 (mean +/- standard deviation) mmHg at baseline, decreased to 22.6 +/- 4.9 mmHg after 1 week, 19.6 +/- 5.5 mmHg after 1 month, 19.4 +/- 4.9 mmHg after 2 months, and 21.5 +/- 5.9 mmHg after 3 months of treatment with latanoprost (P < 0.01 for each). Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the anterior chamber angle showed anterior bowing of the iris with total occlusion of the angle by PAS, except for 5 eyes with focal microscopic openings to the ciliary-body face at various angles. Adverse ocular events were well-tolerated and transient. In this preliminary study, treatment with 0.005% latanoprost once-daily resulted in a significant reduction in IOP in CACG patients with 360 degrees of PAS on gonioscopy. Our results suggest that latanoprost may be considered as a therapy of choice in these rare cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Presence of tyrosinase activity in human ciliary body.

We examined tyrosinase activity in pigmented tissues from five human eyes. Tissue extract was prepared in cholate-phosphate buffer by homogenization, centrifugation, trypsin digestion and hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Tyrosinase activity was spectrophotometrically assayed as dopa (L-3,4-dihydroxylphenylalanine) oxidase activity. Tyrosinase activity was detected in the extracts of the ciliary body. Enzyme activity was inhibited by phenylthiourea but not by 3-iodo-tyrosine. We believe that our findings confirm the presence of tyrosinase activity in the human ciliary body.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Immunolocalization of calcitriol receptor, plasma membrane calcium pump and calbindin-D28k in the cornea and ciliary body of the rat eye.

Epitopes of the calcitriol receptor, the ATP-dependent plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA) and the 28-kD vitamin-D-dependent Ca-binding protein (calbindin-D28k) were detected in sections of the albino rat eye using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tissues. Calcitriol receptor and calbindin-D28k epitopes were detected in both the inner and outer layers of the ciliary body epithelium. PMCA was present in both epithelial cell layers of the ciliary body but was most prominent in the inner layer. Corneal epithelium and endothelium also contained epitopes for calcitriol receptor, PMCA and calbindin-D28k. These Ca-regulatory proteins may play a role in the cellular physiology of the albino rat eye by maintaining appropriate intracellular and aqueous humor Ca concentrations.

Animals↗