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At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Thymoma in 11 cats.

Eleven thymomas, 10 benign and 1 malignant, were diagnosed in cats at the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital. Six cats were dyspneic, owing either to the pressure of the tumor or the associated effusion. The effusion in 1 instance contained chyle, and in another, malignant epithelial cells associated with satellite lesions. Three cats had polymyositis, as evidenced clinically by muscle weakness and confirmed by microscopic examination. Two of these also had myocarditis and difficulty in swallowing. In 1 cat, the primary disorder was an atypical, progressive, moist dermatitis that was unresponsive to treatment and that became so severely generalized that the cat had to be destroyed. The thymoma was discovered only at necropsy.U

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A case of liver cirrhosis with chylous ascites and multiple cystic dilatation of the abdominal lymphatic system.

A 51-year-old male suffering from abdominal distension and diagnosed by laparoscopic and histological examination as a liver cirrhosis patient, had a chylous ascites with a negative Gordon test. The content of chylomicron in ascites decreased by restriction of dietary fat, although the ascites retention was resistant to salt restriction, diuretics and intravenous re-infusion of ascites. Lymphangiography revealed dysplasia of the retroperitoneal lymphatic system and dilatation of the thoracic duct. Main autopsy findings were liver cirrhosis (post-necrotic type) without malignancy and marked cystic dilatations of the lymphatic duct. The lymph congestion in the intestine was more remarkable in the subserosal space and the leakage of the chyle into the abdominal cavity was also proved by histological examination.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1980

The lipoprotein profile of chylous and nonchylous pleural effusions.

The lipoprotein electrophoregrams and the cholesterol and triglyceride levels of the pleural fluid were evaluated for patients with chylous pleural effusions, as defined by the presence of a distinctive band of chylomicrons on the lipoprotein electrophoregram, and in patients with nonchylous effusions of various causes. One hundred forty-one patients were studied during a 3-year period. The chylous effusions had strikingly higher triglyceride levels (median 249, range 49 to 2,270 mg/dl) than the nonchylous group (median 33, range 13 to 107 mg/dl); there were no significant differences in cholesterol or protein between the two groups. The gross description of the fluid was a poor indicator of its origin, being described as consistent with chyle in less than 50% of cases of chylous effusions. The triglyceride values distinguished chylous effusion from nonchylous effusion; values greater than 110 mg/dl are highly suggestive of a chylous effusion. Equivocal cases--triglyceride values between 50 and 110 mg/dl--required lipoprotein analysis. Pleural effusions of undetermined cause, regardless of gross appearance of the fluid, require that a screening triglyceride value be obtained to rule out a chylous effusion.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1995

[Lymphogenic introduction into lesser circulation of orally administered rifampicin in standard and liposomal forms].

Pharmacokinetics of water and liposomal suspensions of lipophilic antibiotic rifampicin introduced intragastrically through a tube was studied in experiments on Wistar rats. After administration of water suspension rifampicin concentration reached its peak in all the tissues in 3 hours, lung concentration being 1.6 and 1.9 times higher than blood one. After liposomal suspension administration lymphatic rifampicin concentrations were maximal in 3 hours, while in the lungs and blood they were the highest in 6 hours. It is concluded that oral liposoluble drug enter primarily chyle vessels and via thoracic lymphatic duct directly lesser circulation. Liposomal inclusion of the drug warrants its high concentration in lymphatic system and lung tissue.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

OK-432 chemical pleurodesis for the treatment of persistent chylothorax.

A 52-year-old woman with thoracic esophageal carcinoma was admitted to our hospital. Standard radical esophagectomy was carried out via a right posterolateral thoracotomy and laparotomy. A drainage tube was removed from the right side of the chest on the 9th postoperative day. Three days later a chest roentgenogram showed massive left pleural effusion, and a tube was inserted into the left pleural cavity. The volume of the effusion was 900 ml/day and chylothorax was diagnosed. Conservative therapy was applied for 30 days, but chyle leakage persisted. Intra-pleural infusion of OK-432, a Su-strain of Streptococcus pyogenes, and doxycycline hydrochloride was carried out to seal the leakage point. The effusion stopped immediately after the procedure. There were no major side effects. This procedure should be considered the treatment of choice for patients with persistent chylothorax not responding to initial conservative management.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1994

Successful management of postoperative chylothorax with fibrin glue in a premature neonate.

Chylothorax is a potentially serious condition that may complicate a variety of thoracic operations, particularly cardiothoracic procedures for congenital heart disease. Conservative therapy with chest tube drainage of the chyle fluid and dietary manipulations is frequently effective. When conservative treatment fails, surgery may be necessary. In this report, the authors discuss their recent experience with fibrin glue in the management of a 600-g premature neonate who had a postoperative chylothorax. Recent trends in the management of this difficult problem are also discussed.

Chest Tubes↗
PubMed1994

[A case of idiopathic chylothorax--successful pleurodesis with OK-432].

A 73-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of left pleural effusion. Chyle was obtained by thoracocentesis. Because there was no organic lesion to cause chylothorax, idiopathic chylothorax was diagnosed. Her condition improved by chest-tube drainage and pleurodesis with intrapleural injection of OK-432. We report a rare case of idiopathic chylothorax and conclude that pleurodesis with intrapleural injection of OK432 is very useful for the treatment of idiopathic chylothorax.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital chylothorax managed by partial pleurodesis: report of one case.

Congenital chylothorax, a rare cause of respiratory distress in neonate, presented here with respiratory distress from two days of age. Thoracocentesis was performed at six days, revealing a clear fluid with high protein content. Thoracotomy was performed at the age of 33 days because of a profuse amount of chest tube drainage. A leak of chyle was found near the esophageal hiatus of the costophrenic angle. Partial pleurodesis was performed because of difficulty in identifying the exact leakage point. Respiratory status improved very quickly after the operation, and oral intake was well-tolerated during follow-up.

Chylothorax↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chylothorax: report of a case complicating orthotopic heart transplantation.

We describe a case of a chylothorax that occurred in a 62-year-old man after orthotopic heart transplantation. Injury to collateral lymphatics in the anterior mediastinal or thymic areas was the probable cause of the chylous fistula. Excessive chyle drainage causes loss of large amounts of fat, protein, electrolytes, and lymphocytes. These losses further compromise the nutritional and immunologic status of the transplant patient. Conservative therapy with chest tube drainage and a strict medium-chain triglyceride diet allowed the chylous fistula to spontaneously close without the need for surgical intervention.

Chest Tubes↗
PubMed1993

[A case of idiopathic chylothorax].

A 29-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of right pleural effusion. Chyle was obtained by thoracocentesis. She received conservative therapy, however, the pleural effusion did not decrease. Thoracic duct ligation was performed, and improvement of the chylothorax was observed. Because there was no underlying disease to cause chylothorax, the diagnosis of idiopathic chylothorax was made. Idiopathic chylothorax is a rare disease and only 24 cases have been reported in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatograph--application to serum aluminium monitoring].

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with the reversed-phase partition mode separation (including ion-pair one) towards metal chelate compounds prepared in an off-line fashion (precolumn chelation) is most versatile in terms of high sensitivity with base-line flatness, unique selectivity and cost effectiveness. The extraordinary toughness to the complicated matrices encountered in clinical testing is exemplified by the successful application to the aluminium monitoring of human serum samples. The A1 chelate with 2,2'-dihydroxyazobenzene is efficiently chromatographed on a LiChroCART RP-18 column using an aqueous methanol eluent (63.6 wt%) containing tetrabutylammonium bromide as an ion-pair agent. The serum concentration level of A1 down to 6 micrograms dm-3 is readily monitored without influences from iron, chyle and haemolysis.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnosis and therapy of postoperative chyloperitoneum].

Chyloperitoneum is a rare complication of surgical procedures. We report a case of severe chyloperitoneum after abdominothoracic esophageal resection with two-field lymphadenectomy. After diagnosis was established, the lymph leak was located with oral iodine-marked fatty acids (123I-pentadecanoic acid) showing increased activation in the right middle abdomen. Because conservative treatment with total parenteral nutrition showed no decrease in chyle volume, relaparatomy was performed and the lymphatic fistula was successfully treated with suture ligatures. Pathophysiology and different options for localization and treatment of postoperative chyloperitoneum are discussed.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1996

Molecular processing of HDL by the liver during reverse cholesterol transport.

[35S)-labelled HDL was prepared from the chyle of rats after feeding [35S)methionine/cysteine. It was added to the perfusate of isolated rat spleens, pre-labelled with [3H)cholesterol and perfused simultaneously with a rat liver. This system allowed the complete process of reverse cholesterol transport to take place while the uptake of individual HDL apolipoproteins and cholesterol by the liver was studied. In 3 h, uptake of apo C, A-IV and E was 24-59% whereas the uptake of apo A-I was negligible. 42% of the [3H)cholesterol entering the perfusate was taken up by the liver with 16% of the HDL cholesteryl ester mass. The results indicate that hepatic uptake of HDL cholesterol and cholesteryl ester is accompanied by some apolipoprotein uptake but not apo A-I. The apo A-I containing HDL particle is released back into the perfusate where it can return to extrahepatic tissues to take up more cholesterol. Further experiments in whole rats showed that human apo A-I (60 mg), when administered to rats i.v. with the [35S)HDL, displaced [35S) into the d > 1.250 density fraction of plasma. This trebled the apparent uptake of unassociated apo A-I into the kidney supporting the hypothesis that the kidney is the organ of destruction of apo A-I.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Indications of rethoracotomy after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer].

Indications of rethoracotomy after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer are reviewed in this paper. Hemothorax, pneumothorax, pyothorax and chylothorax are the main causes of rethoracotomy. Complications indicating rethoracotomy are summarized as follows: 1) Hemothorax; emergency rethoracotomy is indicated in cases of bleeding through the chest drain over 100ml/hr, which is continuing over 5 hours or in cases when normal blood pressure cannot be maintained without blood transfusion. In many cases the bleeding point is the chest wall, from the branches of the intercostal artery. 2) Pneumothorax; reoperation for pneumothorax is rare. But rethoracotomy and bullectomy or closure of fustula is indicated when a large volume of air leakage and lung collapse continues over a week. 3) Pyothorax; old pyothorax with bronchial fistula is treated by closure of fistula and plombage with omentum or muscle flap. 4) Chylothorax; chylothorax is not a frequent complication of esophageal surgery but when it occurs reoperation is not rare. In cases with 1,500ml/day or more of chyle drainage for over 5 days under fasting with intravenous hyperalimentation, rethoracotomy and ligation of thoracic duct is indicated.

Chylothorax↗
PubMed1996

Massive chylothorax after anterior fusion of the thoracic spine.

We report a case of massive chylothorax occurring postoperatively in a patient with Potts paraplegia who underwent transthoracic anterior debridement and fusion of the T7 and T8 vertebrae. This is an uncommon complication of anterior spinal surgery but has a significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of the condition and the institution of the appropriate therapy will reduce this significantly. The treatment principles are continuous tube drainage, nutritional support and reduction of chyle production. In 50% of cases a surgical procedure will be required. There are a variety of techniques available. We describe a technique that uses a pedicled intercostal muscle flap, which to our knowledge, has not been described previously. Among the other techniques, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is the most promising because of its low morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iatrogenic chylothorax. Etiologic and therapeutic considerations, with presentation of two clinical cases.

A case of mediastinal sclerosis after radiotherapy is presented as a curiosity in iatrogenic etiologies of chylothorax. After 7 weeks of conservative treatment, an operative pleurodesis was successful. In a second clinical case, the hazardous intra-thoracic coagulation of the chyle is illustrate. Etiology and therapeutic mangements of iatrogenic chylothorax in the literature are briefly reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Chylothorax after pressure pneumothorax].

Chylothorax is a pleural effusion caused by leakage of chyle into the pleural cavity. The commonest causes of pleural effusion are trauma to the ductus thoracicus or neoplasms in the mediastinum. The trauma can be iatrogenic or accidental. Chylothorax caused by tension pneumothorax has not previously been reported. We describe a case where this etiology is the most likely explanation of the chylous effusion in our patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Tropical vaginal hydroceles: are they all filarial in origin?

Hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis testis has been conventionally used as an absolute indicator of filarial disease in most clinical surveys. The prevalence of filarial etiology in 100 consecutive hydroceles was studied using clinical, parasitological, histopathological and immunological parameters. Filarial etiology could be proved in 57% of hydrocele cases using major criteria: presence of microfilaria in hydrocele fluid, presence of chyle in hydrocele fluid, demonstration of adult worm in tunica, ratio of fluid antibody titer to serum antibody titer more than 2 and presence of filarial antigen in hydrocele fluid. The results of other tests in these 57 cases were used to define the minor criteria. In the other 43 cases, based on the minor criteria, 12 hydroceles could be classified as likely to be due to filariasis and the rest were probably non-filarial. Thus only 69% of hydroceles were definitely or probably filarial.

Adult↗